scholarly journals Abrupt switch to migratory night flight in a wild migratory songbird

2016 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel Zúñiga ◽  
Jade Falconer ◽  
Adam M. Fudickar ◽  
Willi Jensen ◽  
Andreas Schmidt ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Radio Telemetry ◽  
Activity Patterns ◽  
Daily Rhythm ◽  
Gradual Transition ◽  
Free Living ◽  
In Captivity ◽  
Migratory Season ◽  
Migratory Songbird ◽  
Rapid Shift ◽  
Do So

Abstract Every year, billions of wild diurnal songbirds migrate at night. To do so, they shift their daily rhythm from diurnality to nocturnality. In captivity this is observed as a gradual transition of daytime activity developing into nocturnal activity, but how wild birds prepare their daily rhythms for migration remains largely unknown. Using an automated radio-telemetry system, we compared activity patterns of free-living migrant and resident European blackbirds (Turdus merula) in a partially migratory population during the pre-migratory season. We found that activity patterns between migrant and resident birds did not differ during day and night. Migrants did not change their daily rhythm in a progressive manner as has been observed in captivity, but instead abruptly became active during the night of departure. The rapid shift in rhythmicity might be more common across migratory songbird species, but may not have been observed before in wild animals due to a lack of technology.

scholarly journals Clocks for the city: circadian differences between forest and city songbirds

2013 ◽  
Vol 280 (1763) ◽  
pp. 20130593 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. M. Dominoni ◽  
B. Helm ◽  
M. Lehmann ◽  
H. B. Dowse ◽  
J. Partecke
Keyword(s):  
Radio Telemetry ◽  
Activity Patterns ◽  
Early Morning ◽  
Urban Environments ◽  
Circadian Oscillation ◽  
Circadian Period ◽  
Free Living ◽  
City Life ◽  
The City ◽  
Two Populations

To keep pace with progressing urbanization organisms must cope with extensive habitat change. Anthropogenic light and noise have modified differences between day and night, and may thereby interfere with circadian clocks. Urbanized species, such as birds, are known to advance their activity to early morning and night hours. We hypothesized that such modified activity patterns are reflected by properties of the endogenous circadian clock. Using automatic radio-telemetry, we tested this idea by comparing activity patterns of free-living forest and city European blackbirds ( Turdus merula ). We then recaptured the same individuals and recorded their activity under constant conditions. City birds started their activity earlier and had faster but less robust circadian oscillation of locomotor activity than forest conspecifics. Circadian period length predicted start of activity in the field, and this relationship was mainly explained by fast-paced and early-rising city birds. Although based on only two populations, our findings point to links between city life, chronotype and circadian phenotype in songbirds, and potentially in other organisms that colonize urban habitats, and highlight that urban environments can significantly modify biologically important rhythms in wild organisms.

scholarly journals Spatial and Temporal Activity Patterns of the Free-Living Giant Mole-Rat (Fukomys mechowii), the Largest Social Bathyergid

PLoS ONE ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. e55357 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matěj Lövy ◽  
Jan Šklíba ◽  
Radim Šumbera
Keyword(s):  
Activity Patterns ◽  
Free Living ◽  
Mole Rat

scholarly journals Análisis del rendimiento a través de la utilización de patrones de actividad temporal en jugadores de elite de vóley playa (Performance analysis through the use of temporal activity patterns of elite players in beach volleyball)

Retos ◽  
2015 ◽  
pp. 67-69
Author(s):  
José Antonio Pérez Turpin ◽  
Juan Manuel Cortell Tormo ◽  
Juan José Chinchilla Mira ◽  
Roberto Cejuela Anta ◽  
Concepción Suárez Llorca
Keyword(s):  
Performance Analysis ◽  
Average Length ◽  
Activity Patterns ◽  
Total Duration ◽  
Specific Training ◽  
The Real ◽  
Absolute Time ◽  
Video Recordings ◽  
Playing Time ◽  
Do So

Para conocer los componentes actuales del rendimiento en vóley playa, es preciso conocer la estructura temporal de la competición. Por ello, el objetivo del presente estudio fue conocer la distribución del tiempo de juego real y absoluto durante el partido, los sets y los puntos en jugadores de vóley playa profesionales. Para esto, se realizaron video grabaciones de 10 jugadores durante cuatro encuentros disputados en el Campeonato de Europa de vóley playa (Valencia 2005). Se cuantificó la duración total de los partidos, sets y puntos al tiempo que se diferenció del tiempo real de juego. Como resultado se observó que la media de tiempo absoluto por partido fue de 37min 17,4s±11min 16,2s mientras que el tiempo real fue de 8min 12s±2min 24s. La duración media del total del tiempo de duración de los sets fue de16min 19,8s±2min 27s. y la real de 3min 25,8s±43,20s. La media de tiempo invertida en la realización del punto fue de 6±0,95s. El conocimiento mejorado del tiempo absoluto y real de juego en los jugadores puede aportar una valiosa información que permita establecer patrones de entrenamiento específicos para el vóley playa.Abstract: In order to identify the real components of beach volleyball performance, we need to know the time structure of the competition. This study was designed to identify the distribution of time in real and absolute play during the matches, sets and points played by professional beach volleyball players. To do so, we made video recordings of 10 players playing four matches at the European Beach Volleyball Championships (Valencia 2005). We measured the total length of the matches, sets and points while differentiating real playing time. We observed that the absolute time per match was 37min 17.4sec±11min 16.2sec, while real playing time was 8min 12sec±2min 24sec. The average length of the total duration of the sets was 16min 19.8sec±2min 27sec and real playing time was 3min 25.8sec±43.20sec. The average time taken to play a point was 6±0.95sec. An improved understanding of absolute and real playing time provides valuable information that allows us to create specific training patterns for beach volleyball.

scholarly journals An infanticide attempt by a free-roaming feral stallion ( Equus caballus )

2008 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 23-25 ◽  
Author(s):  
Meeghan E Gray
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Selection ◽  
Genetic Analysis ◽  
Equus Caballus ◽  
Adult Males ◽  
Free Living ◽  
Feral Horses ◽  
Selection Hypothesis ◽  
Sexual Selection Hypothesis ◽  
In Captivity

Infanticide by adult males occurs in a variety of species. While infanticidal attacks have been documented in several equid species in captivity, it has never been witnessed in free-roaming feral horses. I report an infanticide attempt by a free-living feral stallion on a recently born female foal. The stallion picked up the foal by the shoulders, tossed it around twice and bit in on the neck several times. The dam of the foal charged the stallion and successfully protected her foal from additional attacks. The foal survived the attack and later weaned successfully. The stallion recently took over the band and was excluded as the sire through genetic analysis. While this type of attack is rare, this case lends support to the sexual selection hypothesis and further demonstrates that equids have evolved with the risk of infanticide. Furthermore, it shows that maternal protectiveness can be successful against attacks by infanticidal males.

Using automated radio telemetry to quantify activity patterns of songbirds during stopover

The Auk ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 135 (4) ◽  
pp. 949-963 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lynn N. Schofield ◽  
Jill L. Deppe ◽  
Theodore J. Zenzal ◽  
Michael P. Ward ◽  
Robert H. Diehl ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Radio Telemetry ◽  
Activity Patterns

Observations on Activity Patterns, Population and Den Characteristics of The Water Rat Hydromys chrysogaster Along Badger Creek, Victoria.

1995 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 71
Author(s):  
J.L. Gardner ◽  
M. Serena
Keyword(s):  
Population Density ◽  
Activity Patterns ◽  
Home Ranges ◽  
Adult Males ◽  
Fish Farms ◽  
Age Classes ◽  
Irrigation Channels ◽  
In Captivity ◽  
In The Wild ◽  
Hydromys Chrysogaster

The Water Rat Hydromys chrysogaster is Australia's largest amphibious rodent, occupying freshwater rivers, lakes, and coastal and estuarine habitats throughout the continent (Watts and Aslin 1981). Little is known of the species' social organisation or use of space in the wild although Harris (1978) suggested that adults might be intrasexually aggressive. The home ranges of all sex and age classes overlap to some extent but home ranges of adults of the same sex appear to overlap less (Harris 1978). Adult males occupy the largest home ranges which overlap those of one or more females. In captivity individuals kept in groups form hierarchies in which only the dominant females usually breed successfully (Olsen 1982). Fighting occurs primarily among males, with the highest incidence of injuries observed at the beginning of the main September-March breeding season (Olsen 1980, 1982). The results of trapping studies indicate that population density may vary considerably, with the greatest numbers of animals typically occupying man-modified habitats such as irrigation channels or fish farms (McNally 1960, Watts and Aslin 1981, Smales 1984). Aggressive behaviour appears to be related to pelage colour (phenotype) and population density; the higher the density the greater the number of injured individuals (Olsen 1980).

Migratory behaviour of captive white-crowned sparrows, Zonotrichia leucophrys gambelii, differs during autumn and spring migration

Behaviour ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 143 (10) ◽  
pp. 1219-1240 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marilyn Ramenofsky ◽  
Renée Agatsuma
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
High Intensity ◽  
Primary Source ◽  
Migratory Restlessness ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Free Living ◽  
Zonotrichia Leucophrys ◽  
Life History Stages ◽  
In Captivity ◽  
Zonotrichia Leucophrys Gambelii

AbstractGambel's white-crown sparrow (Zonotorichia leucophrys gambelii) is a long-distance, over-land migrant. In captivity birds display many characteristics of the autumn and spring migratory life history stages that include hyperphagia, fattening and high intensity nocturnal activity termed migratory restlessness or Zugunruhe. We recorded the behaviour of captive birds while simultaneously collecting 24 h locomotor activity. These data were used to define the behaviour displayed by captive birds during autumn and spring in order to compare the two migratory stages and to draw inferences for free-living birds. The predominant behaviour during day and nighttime was rest. Feeding occurred only during daylight hours but at a greater frequency in autumn than spring. Birds generally used their feet as the primary source of locomotion during the day termed 'jump'. During the night, two distinct behaviours, 'beak-up flight' and 'beak-up' involving high intensity wing motions were observed and considered components of migratory restlessness. The frequency of the 'beak-up flight' was greatest during spring and associated with the enhanced tempo of vernal migration. In both stages, migratory restlessness was preceded by a quiescent phase, the occurrence of which differed and related to time available for foraging and length of the night. Given these findings, we hypothesize that diel behaviours displayed by autumn and spring migrants in captivity highlight distinctions between the two life history stages.

Activity rhythms of southern brown bandicoots Isoodon obesulus (Marsupialia: Peramelidae) in captivity.

2003 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 81 ◽  
Author(s):  
AN Larcombe
Keyword(s):  
Western Australia ◽  
Activity Patterns ◽  
Time Lapse ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Late Afternoon ◽  
Activity Rhythms ◽  
Natural Lighting ◽  
Infra Red ◽  
In Captivity ◽  
The Times

The temporal activity patterns of individually housed captive southern brown bandicoots (Isoodon obesulus) were recorded using time-lapse infra-red videorecording. Recordings were made over a period of four continuous days per animal under natural lighting and climatic conditions for Perth, Western Australia during March 2002. Analysis showed that all bandicoots were almost entirely nocturnal and spent ~71% (~17 hr day-1) of their time in their nests. The times of onset of activity were remarkably regular, and occurred both following feeding during the late afternoon and again after dusk (average 1841 hrs). Bandicoots were active for an average of ~7 hr night-1. Virtually all activity involved the bandicoots running around their enclosures (~6.5 hr day-1). This running was interspersed with shorter periods spent feeding (~25 min day-1), grooming (~8 min day-1) and drinking (~2 min day-1). No other behaviours were observed. There was a greater degree of variation in the time of cessation of activity between individuals. Time of cessation ranged from 0039 hrs ± 20 min to 0504 hrs ± 25 min. The average time of cessation of activity was 0315 hrs ± 61 min and was not related to either time of onset of activity or sunrise.

Modification of Stereotypic Behaviour in Captive Platypuses (Ornithorhynchus anatinus).

1998 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 307
Author(s):  
D.L McDonald
Keyword(s):  
Activity Patterns ◽  
Normal Activity ◽  
Light Level ◽  
Housing Conditions ◽  
Circling Behaviour ◽  
Difficult Situation ◽  
Ornithorhynchus Anatinus ◽  
In Captivity ◽  
Stereotypic Behaviour ◽  
Time Spent Feeding

Stereotypy is a characteristic occasionally observed in captive animals. This behaviour is regularly associated with animal housing conditions that deviate fundamentally from the species' natural environment. In addition to the detrimental affect it may have on the associated animal, it creates a difficult situation for the public in understanding the presentation of animals in captivity. In April 1996, modification to the platypus exhibit at Healesville Sanctuary resulted in an increased level of light being deflected onto the glass of the shallow tank exhibit. This change in the housing conditions coincided with repetitive circling behaviour by the female platypus and avoidance activity by the male platypus. In addition, the proportion of time spent feeding by the female platypus was reduced. Modification of the exhibit furniture did not significantly alter the female's behaviour. A reduction in the light level being deflected onto the tank resulted in an immediate reduction in the circling behaviour observed for the female. The male resumed free swimming and utilisation of the entire tank. Within two weeks all stereotypic behaviour had ceased and the two platypuses had resumed normal activity patterns.

scholarly journals Cross-continental emergence of Nannizziopsis barbatae disease may threaten wild Australian lizards

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicola R. Peterson ◽  
Karrie Rose ◽  
Stephanie Shaw ◽  
Tim H. Hyndman ◽  
Lynne Sigler ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fungal Pathogens ◽  
Etiologic Agent ◽  
Molecular Techniques ◽  
Lizard Species ◽  
Free Living ◽  
Fungal Isolation ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
In Captivity ◽  
Intellagama Lesueurii ◽  
Host Characteristics

AbstractMembers of the genus Nannizziopsis are emerging fungal pathogens of reptiles that have been documented as the cause of fatal mycoses in a wide range of reptiles in captivity. Cases of severe, proliferative dermatitis, debility and death have been detected in multiple free-living lizard species from locations across Australia, including a substantial outbreak among Eastern water dragons (Intellagama lesueurii) in Brisbane, Queensland. We investigated this disease in a subset of severely affected lizards and identified a clinically consistent syndrome characterized by hyperkeratosis, epidermal hyperplasia, dermal inflammation, necrosis, ulceration, and emaciation. Using a novel fungal isolation method, histopathology, and molecular techniques, we identified the etiologic agent as Nannizziopsis barbatae, a species reported only once previously from captive lizards in Australia. Here we report severe dermatomycosis caused by N. barbatae in five species of Australian lizard, representing the first cases of Nannizziopsis infection among free-living reptiles, globally. Further, we evaluate key pathogen and host characteristics that indicate N. barbatae-associated dermatomycosis may pose a concerning threat to Australian lizards.

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