Wave runup and overtopping on smooth-slope NEXC block

Constant wave runup and overtopping during monsoon coupled with storm-surge events have poses threat to the coastal’s community in flooding and land loss. The study was to further the research on the wave interaction issue using the modified NAHRIM Coastal Protection and Expansion (NEXC) block. The aim was to determine the significant relationship prediction model from the experiment variables due to water level changes. The study was conducted in 30 m long, 2 m height, and 1.5 m width of wave flume using gamma 3.30 of wave height JONSWAP spectrum under 1:15 and 1:8 mobile bed scenarios. Parameters were downscaled to 1:10 and based on Peninsular Malaysia’s east coast hydrodynamics conditions. 36 different test scenarios were simulated every 20 minutes with three repetitions, enables 108 samples to be retrieved. Using statistical tools, correlation tests between the variables in the experiment results indicates wave runup, significant wave height and overtopping discharges are strongly correlated to the bed gradient and smooth-slope NEXC block. Changes in water level from shallow to deep, mild to steep mobile bed gradient with 30° to 60° block affect the relationship Hs-q decrease while Ru2%-q positively increase. Overtopping was not directly affected by water level but positively affected on wave runup and negatively to significant wave height. The fitted relationship design model using a General Full Factorial method was verified with 0.338069 of standard error and 98.12 % of R-square. Finally, the significant relationship predictive model was obtained to have 26 interaction terms in the model successful.

Effect of Turmeric Flour (Curcuma domestica) and Fish Oil on Daily Egg Production and Organoleptics of Quail Eggs (Coturnix-coturnix japonica)

The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of adding the concentration of turmeric flour and fish oil to the quail formula feed. This research is an experimental study using the factorial method. This experiment used 96 quail (Cortunix cortunix japonica), which were randomized into 6 treatments with 4 replications. Quails were divided into 6 groups and treated with different concentrations of turmeric flour and fish oil in each feed formula. The effects of different formula feeds were observed on changes in egg production and organoleptic changes. Egg production data were taken every day from week 3 to week 4 during the treatment period. The data taken is called Quail Day Production (QDP%). The organoleptic data of eggs were taken at the 3rd week of treatment and the preference test was carried out by 40 panelists on the aroma, taste and level of preference of quail eggs after being boiled. The addition of 0.3% turmeric flour significantly affected egg production but its combination with fish oil did not affect egg production. The combination of the concentration of turmeric flour and fish oil does not change the aroma of the eggs, but changes the taste of the eggs.

Pengaruh Dosis Pupuk Kandang Ayam terhadap Pertumbuhan dan Hasil Tiga Macam Varietas Selada (Lactuca sativa L.)

The study aims to determine the influence of chicken manure dose on growth and yield on three kinds of lettuce (Lactuca sativa, L.) planted in a polybag. This research was conducted from November 2019 until January 2020, in Gerdu Village, Karangpandan District, Karanganyar Regency, between 450 - 650 m above sea level. The research used a factorial method with a Completely Randomized Design (CRD) consist of two treatment factors. The first factor is dose of chicken manure consisting of 3 levels (D1 = 62.5 g/ polybag, D2 = 125 g / polybag, D3 = 187.5 g/ polybag). The second factor was varieties of lettuce (V) consist of 3 types (V1 = Grand Rapids Variety, V2 = Kriebo Variety, V3 = Bisi SL 02 Variety). Analysis of variance was used to analyzed the data, with the F test at 5% and 1% levels and then followed by Duncan's multiple range test at 5% level. The results showed that chicken manure dosage significantly affects fresh weight and consumption weight per plant. The best dose of chicken manure for the treatment is 125 g / polybag. The varieties significantly affected plant height, fresh weight, and consumption weight and significantly affected leaf width per plant. The interaction between the dose of chicken manure and varieties of lettuce (DxV) showed the best results on the combination 125 g / polybag chicken manure dose with the Kriebo variety (D2V2). This treatment combination gives the highest consumption weight, which is 76.52 g. While the treatment combination of 62.5 g / polybag chicken manure dose and Bisi SL 02 variety (D1V3) had the lowest consumption weight (39.68 g).

Microstructural and Physical Properties of Thermoplastic Corn Starch/Polystyrene Blend Foams Affected by Different Contents and Combinations of Plasticizers

A comprehensive study was performed on thermoplastic corn starch (TPS)/polystyrene (PS) blend foam to optimize the formulation from the aspects of plasticizer content and the blend ratio. Plasticization of native starch was implemented with various contents of plasticizer (water + glycerol), 21, 23, 25 and 29%, and water/glycerol ratio of 1/2, 2/3, 3/2 and 2/1 using melt extrusion process. The influence of plasticizer loading content and also its combination on the microstructural and physical properties of the blend foam were investigated. The morphological consideration was also carried out by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) to evaluate the distribution and regularity of the foam cells. In the following, full factorial method in Minitab software was used to optimize the formulation according to the properties. Moreover, the effect of PS content on the moisture absorption and cell structure of TPS/PS blend foam was evaluated. The addition of 20% PS to TPS caused to 6 times higher expansion ration than PS and 60 % higher than TPS, while 50 % lower moisture absorption than TPS. This combination can be a good alternative candidate for warm food packing applications.

Plasma and Urinary Amino Acid-Derived Catabolites as Potential Biomarkers of Protein and Amino Acid Deficiency in Rats

Objective: Dietary intakes must cover protein and essential amino acid (EAA) requirements. For this purpose, different methods have been developed such as the nitrogen balance method, factorial method, or AA tracer studies. However, these methods are either invasive or imprecise, and the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO, 2013) recommends new methods and, in particular, metabolomics. The aim of this study is to determine total protein/EAA requirement in the plasma and urine of growing rats. Methods: 36 weanling rats were fed with diets containing 3, 5, 8, 12, 15, and 20% protein for 3 weeks. During experimentation, urine was collected using metabolic cages, and blood from the portal vein and vena was taken at the end of the experiment. Metabolomics analyses were performed using LC-MS, and the data were analyzed with a multivariate analysis model, partial least Squares (PLS) regression, and independent component-discriminant analysis (ICDA). Each discriminant metabolite identified by PLS or ICDA was tested by one-way ANOVA to evaluate the effect of diet. Results: PLS and ICDA allowed us to identify discriminating metabolites between different diet groups. Protein deficiency led to an increase in the AA catabolism enzyme systems inducing the production of breakdown metabolites in the plasma and urine. Conclusion: These results indicate that metabolites are specific for the state of EAA deficiency and sufficiency. Some types of biomarkers such as AA degradation metabolites appear to be specific candidates for protein/EAA requirement.

Manganese metabolism in the body of lactating fat-tailed ewes and the rate of need for it

We studied the exchange of manganese in the body of lactating ewes of the Kalmyk breed. It was found out that during lactation, the intensity of metabolism of this element in the body of ewes of the meat-feeding direction of productivity significantly increases. The factorial method, taking into account endogenous losses, determined the daily requirement of fat-tailed ewes in manganese.

PENINGKATAN PERTUMBUHAN DAN HASIL BAWANG MERAH (Allium ascalonicum, L) DENGAN APLIKASI PERBEDAAN KONSENTRASI BIO SLURRY DAN PEMOTONGAN UMBI BIBIT

ABSTRACT This study aims to determine the effect of bio slurry and cutting of seed tubers on the growth and yield of shallot plants in the Dukuh Kepoh Food and Horticultural Garden, Tohudan Village, Colomadu District, Karanganyar Regency with a height of ± 105 m above sea level, from April until June 2020. This study used a factorial method with a complete randomized block design (RAKL), consisting of two treatment factors, while the two treatment factors with 12 treatment combinations, each treatment was repeated (3) times. The first treatment, the concentration of bio slurry (S) which consists of 4 levels, namely (S1: Bio slurry 0 ml / l, S2: Bio slurry 50 ml / l, S3: Bio slurry 100 ml / l, S4: Bio slurry 150 ml / l). The second treatment was cutting the seed tubers (P), which consisted of three levels (P1: Cutting 1/4 part of seed tubers, P2: Cutting 1/3 parts of seed tubers, P3: Cutting 1/2 parts of seed tubers). The results showed that the treatment with bio slurry (S) had no significant effect on all observed parameters. Treatment by cutting seed tubers (P) had a very significant effect on plant height, weight of fresh tubers per plant, weight of fresh tubers per plot and had a significant effect on the number of fresh tubers per plant, but had no significant effect on the number of tubers per plot and weight of fresh stems. The combination between the treatment of bio slurry and cutting of seed tubers (SxP) did not significantly affect all observed parameters, The highest yield of fresh tubers per plot was obtained in treatment (S2P2) with a yield of 800.00 g, while the lowest tuber weight per plot was obtained in treatment ( S1P3) with a yield of 433.33 g. Keywords: shallot, bio-slurry, seed tuber cutting

Variable world of the nutritionist N. P. Volkov

Article is devoted to life and creativity of one of outstanding representatives of a zootechny of the XX-th century — to Nikolai Pavlovich Volkov. Well-educated (the zootechnician, cyberneticist, economist), he is the author of the unique project — variable norms of cattle feeding. It considers concrete conditions of economy, age, productivity, physiological state of animals, conditions of livestock keeping, a season of year, actual availability and quality of forages. After a semi-centennial period a factorial method again has been used by workings out of norms. Volkov’s original views on topical questions of a science and production are stated: about fodder analysis, effective means of grain processing, aminoadducts theory, the advisory help to farms of experimental base of Williams fodder institute, which stuff keeps in mind the creative work of well-known scientist Nikolai Pavlovich Volkov.

Optimization of a Wavy Microchannel Heat Sink with Grooves

In this study, a wavy microchannel heat sink with grooves using water as the working fluid is proposed for application to cooling microprocessors. The geometry of the heat sink was optimized to improve heat transfer and pressure loss simultaneously. To achieve optimization goals, the average friction factor and thermal resistance were used as the objective functions. Three dimensionless parameters were selected as design variables: the distance between staggered grooves, groove width, and groove depth. A modified Latin hypercube sampling (LHS) method that combines the advantages of conventional LHS and a three-level full factorial method is also proposed. Response surface approximation was used to construct surrogate models, and Pareto-optimal solutions were obtained with a multi-objective genetic algorithm. The modified LHS was proven to have better performance than the conventional LHS and full factorial methods in the present optimization problem. A representative optimal design showed that both the thermal resistance and friction factor improved by 1.55% and 3.00%, compared to a reference design, respectively.