scholarly journals The Global Burden of Visual Difficulty in Low, Middle, and High Income Countries

PLoS ONE ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 8 (5) ◽  
pp. e63315 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ellen E. Freeman ◽  
Marie-Hélène Roy-Gagnon ◽  
Elodie Samson ◽  
Slim Haddad ◽  
Marie-Josée Aubin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Income ◽  
Global Burden ◽  
Visual Difficulty

scholarly journals Trends in the prevalence and disability-adjusted life years of eating disorders from 1990 to 2017: results from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2017

2020 ◽  
Vol 29 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jiayuan Wu ◽  
Jie Liu ◽  
Shasha Li ◽  
Huan Ma ◽  
Yufeng Wang
Keyword(s):  
Eating Disorders ◽  
Burden Of Disease ◽  
High Income ◽  
Global Burden Of Disease ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Global Burden ◽  
Disability Adjusted Life Years ◽  
Disability Adjusted Life ◽  
Life Years ◽  
Increasing Trend

Abstract Aim Eating disorders have increasingly become a public health concern globally. This study aimed to reveal the burden of eating disorders at the global, regional and national levels using the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) Study 2017 data. Methods We extracted the age-standardised rates (ASRs) of prevalence and disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) and their 95% uncertainty intervals (UIs) of eating disorders, including anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa, between 1990 and 2017 from the GBD 2017 data. The estimated annual percentage changes (EAPCs) were calculated to quantify the secular trends of the burden of eating disorders. Results The ASRs of prevalence and the DALYs of eating disorders continuously increased worldwide from 1990 to 2017 by an average of 0.65 (95% UI: 0.59–0.71) and 0.66 (95% UI: 0.60–0.72), respectively. The burden of eating disorders was higher in females than in males, but the increment in ASRs was greater in males than in females over time. In 2017, the highest burden of eating disorders was observed in the high sociodemographic index (SDI) regions, especially Australasia (ASR of prevalence = 807.13, 95% UI: 664.20–982.30; ASR of DALYs = 170.74, 95% UI: 113.43–244.14, per 100 000 population), Western Europe and high-income North America. However, the most significant increment of the burden of eating disorders was observed in East Asia (EAPC for prevalence = 2.23, 95% UI: 2.14–2.32; EAPC for DALYs = 2.22, 95% UI: 2.13–2.31), followed by South Asia. An increasing trend in the burden of eating disorders at the national level was observed among most countries or territories. The countries with the top three highest increasing trends were Equatorial Guinea, Bosnia and Herzegovina and China. Positive associations were found between the burden estimates and the SDI levels in almost all geographic regions during the observed 28-year period. We also found that the human development indexes in 2017 were positively correlated with the EAPCs of the ASRs of prevalence (ρ = 0.222, P = 0.002) and DALYs (ρ = 0.208, P = 0.003). Conclusion The highest burden of eating disorders remains in the high-income western countries, but an increasing trend was observed globally and in all SDI-quintiles, especially in Asian regions that were highly populous. These results could help governments worldwide formulate suitable medical and health policies for the prevention and early intervention of eating disorders.

scholarly journals Global estimated Disability-Adjusted Life-Years (DALYs) of diarrheal diseases: A systematic analysis of data from 28 years of the global burden of disease study

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (10) ◽  
pp. e0259077
Author(s):  
Natacha U. Karambizi ◽  
Christopher S. McMahan ◽  
Carl N. Blue ◽  
Lesly A. Temesvari
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Diarrheal Disease ◽  
High Income ◽  
Low Income Countries ◽  
Global Burden ◽  
Years Of Life Lost ◽  
Apparent Lack ◽  
Disability Adjusted Life ◽  
Life Years

Background Diarrheal disease (DD)-associated mortality has declined since 1990; however, the incidence of DD has experienced a less-pronounced decrease. Thus, it is important to track progress in managing DD by following loss of healthy years. A disability-adjusted life-year (DALY), which combines data on years-of-life lost (YLL) and years-lived with-disability (YLD), is a metric that can track such a burden. Methods and findings Using all 28 years of data in the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD) 2017, we compared DD DALYs among different demographic subsets including sex, age, country, and World Bank (WB) income level. We also evaluated DD DALYs as a function of the socio-demographic index (SDI), a measure of a region’s socio-demographic development. On a global level, DD DALYs have decreased by approximately 85.43% from 1990 to 2017. Incidence and prevalence have decreased by 1.53% and 4.45%, respectively. A dramatic decrease in DD DALYs were observed for WB low-income countries, but not for WB high-income constituents. The temporal decrease in DD DALY rates in WB low-income countries was likely driven by a decrease in YLL. Alternatively, temporal increases in both YLL and YLD may have contributed to the apparent lack of progress in WB high-income countries. Regardless of WB income classification, children under the age of five and the elderly were the most vulnerable to DD. In nearly every year from 1990 to 2017, DD DALYs for females were higher than those for males in WB high-income regions, but lower than those for males in WB low-income constituents. The reason for these differences is not known. We also observed that the rate of DD DALYs was highly correlated to SDI regardless of WB income classification. Conclusions To the best of our knowledge, this is the only temporal study of DD DALYs that encompasses all 28 years of data available from the GBD. Overall, our analyses show that temporal reductions in DD DALYs are not equivalent across regions, sexes and age groups. Therefore, careful attention to local and demography-specific risk factors will be necessary to tailor solutions in region- and demography-specific manners.

Physical inactivity and non-communicable disease burden in low-income, middle-income and high-income countries

2021 ◽  
pp. bjsports-2020-103640
Author(s):  
Peter T Katzmarzyk ◽  
Christine Friedenreich ◽  
Eric J Shiroma ◽  
I-Min Lee
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Physical Inactivity ◽  
Communicable Diseases ◽  
High Income ◽  
Asia Pacific ◽  
Global Burden ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Non Communicable Diseases ◽  
Middle Income Countries

ObjectivesPhysical inactivity is a risk factor for premature mortality and several non-communicable diseases. The purpose of this study was to estimate the global burden associated with physical inactivity, and to examine differences by country income and region.MethodsPopulation-level, prevalence-based population attributable risks (PAR) were calculated for 168 countries to estimate how much disease could be averted if physical inactivity were eliminated. We calculated PARs (percentage of cases attributable to inactivity) for all-cause mortality, cardiovascular disease mortality and non-communicable diseases including coronary heart disease, stroke, hypertension, type 2 diabetes, dementia, depression and cancers of the bladder, breast, colon, endometrium, oesophagus, stomach and kidney.ResultsGlobally, 7.2% and 7.6% of all-cause and cardiovascular disease deaths, respectively, are attributable to physical inactivity. The proportions of non-communicable diseases attributable to physical inactivity range from 1.6% for hypertension to 8.1% for dementia. There was an increasing gradient across income groups; PARs were more than double in high-income compared with low-income countries. However, 69% of total deaths and 74% of cardiovascular disease deaths associated with physical inactivity are occurring in middle-income countries, given their population size. Regional differences were also observed, with the PARs occurring in Latin America/Caribbean and high-income Western and Asia-Pacific countries, and the lowest burden occurring in Oceania and East/Southeast Asia.ConclusionThe global burden associated with physical inactivity is substantial. The relative burden is greatest in high-income countries; however, the greatest number of people (absolute burden) affected by physical inactivity are living in middle-income countries given the size of their populations.

scholarly journals Burden of disease among the world’s poorest billion people: An expert-informed secondary analysis of Global Burden of Disease estimates

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (8) ◽  
pp. e0253073
Author(s):  
Matthew M. Coates ◽  
Majid Ezzati ◽  
Gisela Robles Aguilar ◽  
Gene F. Kwan ◽  
Daniel Vigo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Burden Of Disease ◽  
Disease Burden ◽  
National Level ◽  
High Income ◽  
Global Burden Of Disease ◽  
Global Burden ◽  
Extreme Poverty ◽  
Multidimensional Poverty Index ◽  
Disease Rates ◽  
Life Years

Background The health of populations living in extreme poverty has been a long-standing focus of global development efforts, and continues to be a priority during the Sustainable Development Goal era. However, there has not been a systematic attempt to quantify the magnitude and causes of the burden in this specific population for almost two decades. We estimated disease rates by cause for the world’s poorest billion and compared these rates to those in high-income populations. Methods We defined the population in extreme poverty using a multidimensional poverty index. We used national-level disease burden estimates from the 2017 Global Burden of Disease Study and adjusted these to account for within-country variation in rates. To adjust for within-country variation, we looked to the relationship between rates of extreme poverty and disease rates across countries. In our main modeling approach, we used these relationships when there was consistency with expert opinion from a survey we conducted of disease experts regarding the associations between household poverty and the incidence and fatality of conditions. Otherwise, no within-country variation was assumed. We compared results across multiple approaches for estimating the burden in the poorest billion, including aggregating national-level burden from the countries with the highest poverty rates. We examined the composition of the estimated disease burden among the poorest billion and made comparisons with estimates for high-income countries. Results The composition of disease burden among the poorest billion, as measured by disability-adjusted life years (DALYs), was 65% communicable, maternal, neonatal, and nutritional (CMNN) diseases, 29% non-communicable diseases (NCDs), and 6% injuries. Age-standardized DALY rates from NCDs were 44% higher in the poorest billion (23,583 DALYs per 100,000) compared to high-income regions (16,344 DALYs per 100,000). Age-standardized DALY rates were 2,147% higher for CMNN conditions (32,334 DALYs per 100,000) and 86% higher for injuries (4,182 DALYs per 100,000) in the poorest billion, compared to high-income regions. Conclusion The disease burden among the poorest people globally compared to that in high income countries is highly influenced by demographics as well as large disparities in burden from many conditions. The comparisons show that the largest disparities remain in communicable, maternal, neonatal, and nutritional diseases, though NCDs and injuries are an important part of the “unfinished agenda” of poor health among those living in extreme poverty.

Pre-Existing Diseases Linked to SARS-CoV-2 Morality: A Comparative Study of Global Burden of Disease in Low- Middle and High Income Countries

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Har Ashish Jindal ◽  
Soumya Swaroop Sahoo ◽  
Limalemla Jamir ◽  
Ashwini Kedar ◽  
Sugandhi Sharma ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Study ◽  
Burden Of Disease ◽  
High Income ◽  
Global Burden Of Disease ◽  
Global Burden

Epidemiology and global burden of arrhythmias

ESC CardioMed ◽  
2018 ◽  
pp. 308-314
Author(s):  
Aapo L. Aro ◽  
Sumeet S. Chugh
Keyword(s):  
Ventricular Arrhythmias ◽  
High Income ◽  
Global Burden ◽  
Dynamic Nature ◽  
Diagnosis And Management ◽  
World Regions ◽  
The World

The last two decades have witnessed significant developments in the diagnosis and management of supraventricular and ventricular arrhythmias, especially in the high-income countries. Due to several factors that include the dynamic nature of these conditions, epidemiology and surveillance have not advanced to the same extent. In this chapter, the goal is to collate the existing literature on epidemiology and global burden of arrhythmias, recognizing that these data are also available from only a few of the world regions, mostly the high-income nations.

Thrombosis: A major contributor to global disease burden

2014 ◽  
Vol 112 (11) ◽  
pp. 843-852 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gary Raskob ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Heart Disease ◽  
Ischaemic Heart Disease ◽  
Burden Of Disease ◽  
Disease Burden ◽  
Western Europe ◽  
Adverse Drug Events ◽  
Population Aging ◽  
High Income ◽  
Global Burden ◽  
Global Disease Burden

SummaryThrombosis is a common pathology underlying ischaemic heart disease, ischaemic stroke, and venous thromboembolism (VTE). The Global Burden of Disease Study 2010 (GBD 2010) documented that ischaemic heart disease and stroke collectively caused one in four deaths worldwide. GBD 2010 did not report data for VTE as a cause of death and disability. We performed a systematic review of the literature on the global disease burden due to VTE in low, middle and high income countries. Studies from Western Europe, North America, Australia, and Southern Latin America (Argentina) yielded consistent results with annual incidences ranging from 0.75 to 2.69 per 1,000 individuals in the population. The incidence increased to between 2 and 7 per 1,000 among those 70 years of age or more. Although the incidence is lower in individuals of Chinese and Korean ethnicity, their disease burden is not low because of population aging. VTE associated with hospitalisation was the leading cause of disability-adjusted-lifeyears (DALYs) lost in low and middle income countries, and second in high income countries, responsible for more DALYs lost than nosocomial pneumonia, catheter-related blood stream infections, and adverse drug events. VTE causes a major burden of disease across low, middle, and high income countries. More detailed data on the global burden of VTE should be obtained to inform policy and resource allocation in health systems, and to evaluate if improved utilisation of preventive measures will reduce the burden.Note: The copyright for the article is being held by the International Society on Thrombosis and Haemostasis under a CC-BY-NC-ND license.

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