scholarly journals Electrophysiological Indices of Response Inhibition in a Go/NoGo Task Predict Self-Control in a Social Context

PLoS ONE ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 8 (11) ◽  
pp. e79462 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kyle Nash ◽  
Bastian Schiller ◽  
Lorena R. R. Gianotti ◽  
Thomas Baumgartner ◽  
Daria Knoch
Keyword(s):  
Social Context ◽  
Response Inhibition ◽  
Self Control

scholarly journals Response Inhibition in Adolescents is Moderated by Brain Connectivity and Social Network Structure

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Steven Tompson ◽  
Emily B. Falk ◽  
Matthew Brook O'Donnell ◽  
Christopher N. Cascio ◽  
Joseph Bayer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Social Network ◽  
Social Context ◽  
Response Inhibition ◽  
Brain Activity ◽  
Processing System ◽  
Developmental Trajectory ◽  
The Self ◽  
Self Control ◽  
Social Brain ◽  
Wide Range

Self-control is vital for a wide range of outcomes across our lifespan, yet the developmental trajectory of its core components during adolescence remains elusive. Many adolescents can successfully regulate their behavior even when they do not show strong activation in brain regions typically recruited during self-control in adults. Thus, adolescents may rely on other neural and cognitive resources to compensate, including daily experiences navigating and managing complex social relationships that likely bolster self-control processes. Here, we tested whether activity and connectivity in brain systems associated with social cognition (i.e., self-processing and mentalizing) facilitated successful self-control. We measured brain activity using fMRI as 62 adolescents completed a Go/No-Go response inhibition task. Recruitment of social brain systems, especially the self-processing system, was associated with better response inhibition in adolescents. Interestingly, the reliance on the self-processing system was stronger in adolescents with weaker activation in the canonical response inhibition system, suggesting a compensatory role for social brain systems during adolescent development. Furthermore, we examined the importance of social context by computing the size, number of communities, and modularity of our participants’ real-life social network. We found that adolescents with more friends and more communities in their social networks demonstrated a stronger relationship between response inhibition and recruitment of social brain systems. Collectively, our results identify the importance of social context and its moderating role on the relationship between brain activity and behavior. Furthermore, our results indicate a critical role for social brain systems during the developmental trajectory of self-control throughout adolescence.

scholarly journals Response Inhibition in Adolescents is Moderated by Brain Connectivity and Social Network Structure

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Steven H. Tompson ◽  
Emily B. Falk ◽  
Matthew Brook O’Donnell ◽  
Christopher N. Cascio ◽  
Joseph B. Bayer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Social Networks ◽  
Social Network ◽  
Social Context ◽  
Response Inhibition ◽  
Brain Activity ◽  
Real Life ◽  
Processing System ◽  
Developmental Trajectory ◽  
Self Control ◽  
Social Brain

AbstractSelf-control is vital for a wide range of outcomes across our lifespan, yet the developmental trajectory of its core components during adolescence remains elusive. Many adolescents can successfully regulate their behavior even when they do not show strong activation in brain regions typically recruited during self-control in adults. Thus, adolescents may rely on other neural and cognitive resources to compensate, including daily experiences navigating and managing complex social relationships that likely bolster self-control processes. Here, we tested whether activity and connectivity in brain systems associated with social cognition (i.e., self-processing and mentalizing) facilitated successful self-control. We measured brain activity using fMRI as 62 adolescents completed a Go/No-Go response inhibition task. Recruitment of social brain systems, especially the self-processing system, was associated with better response inhibition in adolescents. Interestingly, the reliance on the self-processing system was stronger in adolescents with weaker activation in the canonical response inhibition system, suggesting a compensatory role for social brain systems during adolescent development. Furthermore, we examined the importance of social context by computing the size, number of communities, and modularity of our participants’ real-life social network. We found that adolescents with more friends and more communities in their social networks demonstrated a stronger relationship between response inhibition and recruitment of social brain systems. Collectively, our results identify the importance of social context and its moderating role on the relationship between brain activity and behavior. Furthermore, our results indicate a critical role for social brain systems during the developmental trajectory of self-control throughout adolescence.Significance StatementWe employed a network neuroscience approach to investigate the role of social context and social brain systems in facilitating self-control in adolescents. We found that recruitment of social brain systems was associated with better response inhibition in adolescents, especially for adolescents with weaker activation in the response inhibition system. Moreover, adolescents with more friends and communities in their social networks showed stronger relationships between response inhibition and recruitment of social brain systems. Our results advance understanding of how brain systems facilitate self-control in adolescents, and how these brain responses are associated with features of an adolescent’s real-life social network. Bringing together findings related to brain networks and social networks provides key insights into how biology and environment mutually influence development.

scholarly journals The Influence of Response Inhibition Training on Food Consumption and Implicit Attitudes toward Food among Female Restrained Eaters

Nutrients ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (12) ◽  
pp. 3609
Author(s):  
Noam Weinbach ◽  
Eldad Keha ◽  
Hila Leib ◽  
Eyal Kalanthroff
Keyword(s):  
Food Consumption ◽  
Response Inhibition ◽  
Implicit Attitudes ◽  
Self Control ◽  
Restrained Eaters ◽  
Response Training ◽  
Food Response ◽  
Food Images ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Inhibition Training

Restrained eaters display difficulties engaging in self-control in the presence of food. Undergoing cognitive training to form associations between palatable food and response inhibition was found to improve self-control and influence eating behaviors. The present study assessed the impact of two such response inhibition trainings on food consumption, food-related anxiety, and implicit attitudes toward food among female restrained eaters (Dutch Eating Behavior Questionnaire-restrained eating subscale ≥ 2.5). In Experiment 1, 64 restrained eaters completed either one of two training procedures in which they were asked to classify food vs. non-food images: a food-response training, in which stop cues were always associated with non-food images, or a balanced food-response/inhibition training, in which participants inhibited motor actions to food and non-food stimuli equally. The results revealed reduced snack consumption following the food-response/inhibition training compared to the food-response training. The food-response training was associated with increased levels of food-related anxiety. In Experiment 2, the same training procedures were administered to 47 restrained eaters, and implicit attitudes toward palatable foods were assessed. The results revealed an increase in positive implicit attitudes toward palatable foods in the food-response/inhibition group but not in the food-response training group. The results suggest that balancing response inhibition and execution across food and non-food stimuli may reduce overeating while retaining positive attitudes toward food among female restrained eaters.

Religion priming and an oxytocin receptor gene (OXTR) polymorphism interact to affect self-control in a social context

2015 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 97-109 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joni Y. Sasaki ◽  
Taraneh Mojaverian ◽  
Heejung S. Kim
Keyword(s):  
Social Context ◽  
Receptor Gene ◽  
Oxytocin Receptor ◽  
Self Control ◽  
Social Psychological ◽  
Oxytocin Receptor Gene ◽  
Face To Face ◽  
Control Behavior ◽  
The Social ◽  
Socially Motivated

AbstractUsing a genetic moderation approach, this study examines how an experimental prime of religion impacts self-control in a social context, and whether this effect differs depending on the genotype of an oxytocin receptor gene (OXTR) polymorphism (rs53576). People with different genotypes of OXTR seem to have different genetic orientations toward sociality, which may have consequences for the way they respond to religious cues in the environment. In order to determine whether the influence of religion priming on self-control is socially motivated, we examine whether this effect is stronger for people who have OXTR genotypes that should be linked to greater rather than less social sensitivity (i.e., GG vs. AA/AG genotypes). The results showed that experimentally priming religion increased self-control behaviors for people with GG genotypes more so than people with AA/AG genotypes. Furthermore, this Gene × Religion interaction emerged in a social context, when people were interacting face to face with another person. This research integrates genetic moderation and social psychological approaches to address a novel question about religion's influence on self-control behavior, which has implications for coping with distress and psychopathology. These findings also highlight the importance of the social context for understanding genetic moderation of psychological effects.

The Effect of Public Social Context on Self-Control

2011 ◽  
Vol 38 (3) ◽  
pp. 384-396 ◽  
Author(s):  
Liad Uziel ◽  
Roy F. Baumeister
Keyword(s):  
Individual Differences ◽  
Social Context ◽  
Impression Management ◽  
Initial Phase ◽  
Ego Depletion ◽  
Self Control ◽  
Simple Task ◽  
The Public ◽  
Control Study

The present study explores the role of personality in moderating the effect of public social context on self-control. The authors predicted that in public settings neuroticism would be associated with ego-depletion effects and individual differences in impression management (IM) would be associated with restoration effects. Three experiments supported the hypothesis. In Study 1 neuroticism was associated with impaired self-control and IM was associated with enhanced self-control following an initial phase of working on a simple task in public (vs. in private). Study 2 replicated and extended these results to other domains of self-control. Study 3 explored whether public social context can cancel out early depletion effects. In this study, depleted participants engaged in a task that required self-control either alone or in public. As expected, the public settings were associated with restored self-control resources mostly among high IM individuals. Implications for self-control, neuroticism, and IM are discussed.

scholarly journals Taking control! Structural and behavioural plasticity in response to game-based inhibition training in older adults

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Simone Kühn ◽  
Maxi Becker
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Response Inhibition ◽  
Passive Control ◽  
Response Times ◽  
Inferior Frontal Gyrus ◽  
Self Control ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Behavioural Plasticity ◽  
Treatment Research ◽  
Inhibition Training

While previous attempts to train self-control in humans have frequently failed, we set out to train response inhibition using computer-game elements. We trained older adults with newly developed game-based inhibition training on a tablet for two months and compared them to an active and passive control group. Behavioural effects reflected in shorter stop signal response times were observed only in the inhibition-training group. This was accompanied by structural growth in cortical thickness of right inferior frontal gyrus (rIFG) triangularis, a brain region that has been associated with response inhibition. The structural plasticity effect was positively associated with time spent on the training-task and predicted the final percentage of successful inhibition trials in the stop task. The data provide evidence for successful trainability of inhibition when game-based training is employed. The results extend our knowledge on game-based cognitive training effects in older age and may foster treatment research in psychiatric diseases related to impulse control.

scholarly journals Buffering Social Influence: Neural Correlates of Response Inhibition Predict Driving Safety in the Presence of a Peer

2015 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 83-95 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher N. Cascio ◽  
Joshua Carp ◽  
Matthew Brook O'Donnell ◽  
Francis J. Tinney ◽  
C. Raymond Bingham ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Individual Differences ◽  
Social Context ◽  
Cognitive Control ◽  
Response Inhibition ◽  
Risk Taking ◽  
Neural Activity ◽  
Peer Pressure ◽  
Neural Systems ◽  
Fmri Session ◽  
Adolescent Risk

Adolescence is a period characterized by increased sensitivity to social cues, as well as increased risk-taking in the presence of peers. For example, automobile crashes are the leading cause of death for adolescents, and driving with peers increases the risk of a fatal crash. Growing evidence points to an interaction between neural systems implicated in cognitive control and social and emotional context in predicting adolescent risk. We tested such a relationship in recently licensed teen drivers. Participants completed an fMRI session in which neural activity was measured during a response inhibition task, followed by a separate driving simulator session 1 week later. Participants drove alone and with a peer who was randomly assigned to express risk-promoting or risk-averse social norms. The experimentally manipulated social context during the simulated drive moderated the relationship between individual differences in neural activity in the hypothesized cognitive control network (right inferior frontal gyrus, BG) and risk-taking in the driving context a week later. Increased activity in the response inhibition network was not associated with risk-taking in the presence of a risky peer but was significantly predictive of safer driving in the presence of a cautious peer, above and beyond self-reported susceptibility to peer pressure. Individual differences in recruitment of the response inhibition network may allow those with stronger inhibitory control to override risky tendencies when in the presence of cautious peers. This relationship between social context and individual differences in brain function expands our understanding of neural systems involved in top–down cognitive control during adolescent development.

Inhibitory Control in Sexually Coercive Men: Behavioral Insights Using a Stop-Signal Task With Neutral, Emotional, and Erotic Stimuli

Sexual Abuse ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 32 (3) ◽  
pp. 301-319
Author(s):  
Fannie Carrier Emond ◽  
Kevin Nolet ◽  
Lucien Rochat ◽  
Joanne-Lucine Rouleau ◽  
Jean Gagnon
Keyword(s):  
Inhibitory Control ◽  
Response Inhibition ◽  
Sexual Coercion ◽  
Stop Signal ◽  
Self Control ◽  
Stop Signal Task ◽  
Sexual Stimuli ◽  
Domain Specific ◽  
Erotic Stimuli ◽  
The Impact

Response inhibition is defined as one’s ability to voluntarily override an automatic or already initiated action when that action is inappropriate. Although a core mechanism of self-control, its association with sexual coercion perpetration and the impact of erotic cues on its exertion remain unknown. According to a domain-specific perspective on impulsivity, response inhibition performances should be disproportionately hindered by sexual cues in sexual coercion perpetrators. In total, 94 male college students completed a stop-signal task that included neutral, emotional, and erotic distracters. Results showed that men who reported past use of sexual coercion obtained overall poorer stop-signal task (SST) performances. Highly arousing sexual stimuli equally hindered the performances of perpetrators and non-perpetrators, whereas moderately arousing sexual and nonsexual positive stimuli did not significantly affect performances. Results do not support a domain-specific perspective on the link between response inhibition and sexual coercion, but rather suggest generally poorer inhibitory control among sexual coercion perpetrators.

Nipping Temptation in the Bud: Examining Strategic Self-Control in Daily Life

2019 ◽  
Vol 46 (6) ◽  
pp. 961-975 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laverl Z. Williamson ◽  
Benjamin M. Wilkowski
Keyword(s):  
Response Inhibition ◽  
Control Strategy ◽  
Daily Life ◽  
Control Strategies ◽  
Self Control ◽  
Goal Progress

Self-control is often thought to be reactive and focused solely on the inhibition of responses elicited by temptations. In two studies, we assessed whether self-control can instead (a) be planned and (b) target the antecedents of the response to temptation. We assessed self-control planning, four antecedent-focused self-control strategies (i.e., situation-selection, situation-modification, distraction, and reappraisal) and one response-focused strategy (i.e., response-inhibition). In both studies, we found that self-control planning predicted the initiation of self-control independently of temptation. Each antecedent-focused self-control strategy uniquely predicted goal-progress. Response-inhibition did not produce consistent effects on goal-progress. These studies provide evidence that people proactively initiate self-control by targeting the antecedents of temptation and that doing so supports goal-progress.

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