Health effects of saturated and trans-fatty acid intake in children and adolescents: Systematic review and meta-analysis

Background and AimsMany nutritional and epidemiological studies have shown that high consumption of trans fatty acids can cause several adverse effects on human health, including cardiovascular disease, diabetes, and cancer. In the present study, we investigated the effect of trans fatty acids on innate immunity in the gut by observing mice fed with a diet high in trans fatty acids, which have been reported to cause dysbiosis.MethodsWe used C57BL6/J mice and fed them with normal diet (ND) or high-fat, high-sucrose diet (HFHSD) or high-trans fatty acid, high-sucrose diet (HTHSD) for 12 weeks. 16S rRNA gene sequencing was performed on the mice stool samples, in addition to flow cytometry, real-time PCR, and lipidomics analysis of the mice serum and liver samples. RAW264.7 cells were used for the in vitro studies.ResultsMice fed with HTHSD displayed significantly higher blood glucose levels and advanced fatty liver and intestinal inflammation, as compared to mice fed with HFHSD. Furthermore, compared to mice fed with HFHSD, mice fed with HTHSD displayed a significant elevation in the expression of CD36 in the small intestine, along with a reduction in the expression of IL-22. Furthermore, there was a significant increase in the populations of ILC1s and T-bet-positive ILC3s in the lamina propria in mice fed with HTHSD. Finally, the relative abundance of the family Desulfovibrionaceae, which belongs to the phylum Proteobacteria, was significantly higher in mice fed with HFHSD or HTHSD, than in mice fed with ND; between the HFHSD and HTHSD groups, the abundance was slightly higher in the HTHSD group.ConclusionsThis study revealed that compared to saturated fatty acid intake, trans fatty acid intake significantly exacerbated metabolic diseases such as diabetes and fatty liver.

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Dietary trans fatty acid intake is associated with increased fetal loss

Fertility and Sterility ◽

10.1016/j.fertnstert.2007.06.037 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 90 (2) ◽

pp. 385-390 ◽

Cited By ~ 16

Author(s):

John A. Morrison ◽

Charles J. Glueck ◽

Ping Wang

Keyword(s):

Fatty Acid ◽

Trans Fatty Acid ◽

Fetal Loss ◽

Fatty Acid Intake ◽

Acid Intake ◽

Trans Fatty Acid Intake

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trans-Fatty acid intake and increased risk of advanced prostate cancer: modification by RNASEL R462Q variant

Carcinogenesis ◽

10.1093/carcin/bgm002 ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 28 (6) ◽

pp. 1232-1236 ◽

Cited By ~ 18

Author(s):

X. Liu ◽

F. R. Schumacher ◽

S. J. Plummer ◽

E. Jorgenson ◽

G. Casey ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Prostate Cancer ◽

Fatty Acid ◽

Trans Fatty Acid ◽

Advanced Prostate Cancer ◽

Fatty Acid Intake ◽

Acid Intake ◽

Trans Fatty Acid Intake ◽

Increased Risk

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Associations of dietary trans fatty acid intake with depressive symptoms in midlife women

Journal of Affective Disorders ◽

10.1016/j.jad.2019.09.008 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 260 ◽

pp. 194-199 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Di Li ◽

Yongqing Tong ◽

Yan Li

Keyword(s):

Depressive Symptoms ◽

Fatty Acid ◽

Trans Fatty Acid ◽

Midlife Women ◽

Fatty Acid Intake ◽

Acid Intake ◽

Trans Fatty Acid Intake

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Dietary trans-fatty acid intake in relation to cancer risk: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Nutrition Reviews ◽

10.1093/nutrit/nuaa061 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Nathalie Michels ◽

Ina Olmer Specht ◽

Berit L Heitmann ◽

Veronique Chajès ◽

Inge Huybrechts

Keyword(s):

Colorectal Cancer ◽

Systematic Review ◽

Fatty Acids ◽

Fatty Acid ◽

Cancer Risk ◽

Trans Fatty Acid ◽

Trans Fatty Acids ◽

Fatty Acid Intake ◽

Trans Fatty Acid Intake ◽

Meta Analyses

Abstract Context Apart from ruminant fat, trans-fatty acids are produced during the partial hydrogenation of vegetable oils, (eg, in the production of ultraprocessed foods). Harmful cardiovascular effects of trans-fatty acids are already proven, but the link with cancer risk has not yet been summarized. Objective A systematic review (following PRISMA guidelines) – including observational studies on the association of trans-fatty acid intake with any cancer risk – was conducted, with no limitations on population types. Data Sources The electronic databases PubMed and Embase were searched to identify relevant studies. Data Extraction This systematic review included 46 articles. Quality was assessed via the Newcastle-Ottawa scale. Meta-analyses were conducted if at least 4 articles exploring the same transfat-cancer pairings were found. Data analysis Nineteen cancer types have been researched in cohort and case-control studies on trans-fatty acids, with breast cancer (n = 17), prostate cancer (n = 11), and colorectal cancer (n = 9) as the most researched. The meta-analyses on total trans-fat showed a significant positive association for prostate cancer (odds ratio [OR] 1.49; 95%CI, 1.13–1.95) and colorectal cancer (OR 1.26; 95%CI, 1.08–1.46) but not for breast cancer (OR 1.12; 95%CI, 0.99–1.26), ovarian cancer (OR 1.10; 95%CI, 0.94–1.28), or non-Hodgkin lymphoma (OR 1.32; 95%CI, 0.99–1.76). Results were dependent on the fatty acid subtype, with even cancer-protective associations for some partially hydrogenated vegetable oils. Enhancing moderators in the positive transfat-cancer relation were gender (direction was cancer-site specific), European ancestry, menopause, older age, and overweight. Conclusion Despite heterogeneity, higher risk of prostate and colorectal cancer by high consumption of trans-fatty acids was found. Future studies need methodological improvements (eg, using long-term follow-up cancer data and intake biomarkers). Owing to the lack of studies testing trans-fatty acid subtypes in standardized ways, it is not clear which subtypes (eg, ruminant sources) are more carcinogenic. Systematic Review Registration PROSPERO registration no. CRD42018105899

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