Occupational health disparities among U.S. long-haul truck drivers: the influence of work organization and sleep on cardiovascular and metabolic disease risk

The ability of nutrients to regulate specific metabolic pathways is often overshadowed by their role in basic sustenance. Consequently, the mechanisms whereby these nutrients protect against or promote a variety of acquired metabolic syndromes remains poorly understood. Premenopausal women are generally protected from the adverse effects of obesity despite having a greater proportion of body fat than men. Menopause is often associated with a transformation in body fat morphology and a gradual increase in the susceptibility to metabolic complications, eventually reaching the point where women and men are at equal risk. These phenomena are not explained solely by changes in food preference or nutrient intake suggesting an important role for the sex hormones in regulating the metabolic fate of nutrients and protecting against metabolic disease pathophysiology. Here, we discuss how differences in the acquisition, trafficking, and subceullular metabolism of fats and other lipid soluble nutrients in major organ systems can create overt sex-specific phenotypes, modulate metabolic disease risk, and contribute to the rise in obesity in the modern sedentary climate. Identifying the molecular mechanisms underpinning sex differences in fat metabolism requires the unravelling of the interactions among sex chromosome effects, the hormonal milieu, and diet composition. Understanding the mechanisms that give rise to sex differences in metabolism will help to rationalize treatment strategies for the management of sex-specific metabolic disease risk factors.

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Lactational programming of glucose homeostasis: a window of opportunity

Reproduction ◽

10.1530/rep-17-0780 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 156 (2) ◽

pp. R23-R42 ◽

Cited By ~ 16

Author(s):

Lindsay Ellsworth ◽

Emma Harman ◽

Vasantha Padmanabhan ◽

Brigid Gregg

Keyword(s):

Metabolic Disease ◽

Glucose Homeostasis ◽

Critical Period ◽

Disease Risk ◽

Milk Composition ◽

Lactation Period ◽

Cellular Functions ◽

Environmental Endocrine Disruptors ◽

Metabolic Disease Risk ◽

Underlying Mechanisms

The window of lactation is a critical period during which nutritional and environmental exposures impact lifelong metabolic disease risk. Significant organ and tissue development, organ expansion and maturation of cellular functions occur during the lactation period, making this a vulnerable time during which transient insults can have lasting effects. This review will cover current literature on factors influencing lactational programming such as milk composition, maternal health status and environmental endocrine disruptors. The underlying mechanisms that have the potential to contribute to lactational programming of glucose homeostasis will also be addressed, as well as potential interventions to reduce offspring metabolic disease risk.

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Cardio-metabolic disease risk factors among South Asian labour migrants to the Middle East: a scoping review and policy analysis

Globalization and Health ◽

10.1186/s12992-019-0468-8 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 15 (1) ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Shiva Raj Mishra ◽

Saruna Ghimire ◽

Chandni Joshi ◽

Bishal Gyawali ◽

Archana Shrestha ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Metabolic Disease ◽

Middle East ◽

Policy Analysis ◽

South Asian ◽

Scoping Review ◽

Disease Risk ◽

Metabolic Disease Risk

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Weight Loss Efficacy of 4-Hour Versus 6-Hour Time Restricted Feeding in Adults with Obesity

Current Developments in Nutrition ◽

10.1093/cdn/nzaa047_004 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 4 (Supplement_2) ◽

pp. 584-584

Author(s):

Sofia Cienfuegos ◽

Kelsey Gabel ◽

Faiza Kalam ◽

Mark Ezpeleta ◽

Vasiliki Pavlou ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Metabolic Disease ◽

Insulin Resistance ◽

Blood Pressure ◽

Weight Loss ◽

Body Weight ◽

Fat Mass ◽

Disease Risk ◽

Metabolic Disease Risk ◽

Ad Libitum

Abstract Objectives This study was undertaken to compare the effects of 4-h TRF to that of 6-h TRF on body weight, body composition, and metabolic disease risk factors in adults with obesity. We hypothesized that 4-h TRF would produce the greatest decreases in body weight, fat mass, blood pressure, and insulin resistance, compared to 6-h TRF. Methods Adults with obesity (n = 49) were randomized to 1 of 3 interventions for 8 weeks: 4-h TRF (ad libitum eating between 3:00 to 7:00 pm, water fasting between 7:00 to 3:00 pm); 6-h TRF (ad libitum eating between 1:00 to 7:00 pm, water fasting between 7:00 to 1:00 pm); or control (ad libitum food intake with no timing restrictions). Results Body weight decreased similarly in the 4-h TRF group (–3.3 ± 0.5%) and 6-h TRF group (–2.6 ± 0.5%) relative to controls over 8 weeks (P < 0.001). Fat mass, blood pressure and insulin sensitivity also decreased in the 4-h TRF and 6-h TRF groups versus controls. LDL cholesterol, HDL cholesterol, triglycerides, fasting glucose, and HbA1c were not significantly different from controls after 8 weeks. Conclusions This is the first trial to examine the effects of 4-h vs. 6-h TRF on body weight and metabolic disease risk factors. We show here that 8 weeks of 4-h and 6-h TRF decreases body weight by ∼3–4% relative to controls. We also demonstrate that this fasting regimen produces significant reductions in blood pressure, fat mass, insulin and insulin resistance. These preliminary data offer promise for the use of 4-h and 6-h TRF as a weight loss techniques in adults with obesity, but larger, longer-term trials are needed to confirm these findings. Funding Sources Department of Kinesiology and Nutrition, University of Illinois Chicago

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