scholarly journals School environmental contamination of methicillin-sensitive Staphylococcus aureus as an independent risk factor for nasal colonization in schoolchildren: An observational, cross-sectional study

PLoS ONE ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 13 (11) ◽  
pp. e0208183
Author(s):  
Jialing Lin ◽  
Ting Zhang ◽  
Chan Bai ◽  
Jianping Liang ◽  
Jiaping Ye ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Risk Factor ◽  
Environmental Contamination ◽  
Independent Risk Factor ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Nasal Colonization ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional

scholarly journals The association between serum uric acid and diabetic complications in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus by gender: a cross-sectional study

PeerJ ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
pp. e10691
Author(s):  
Yimeng Hu ◽  
Qinge Li ◽  
Rui Min ◽  
Yingfeng Deng ◽  
Yancheng Xu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Risk Factor ◽  
Clinical Characteristics ◽  
Independent Risk Factor ◽  
Binary Logistic Regression ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional

Background The relationship between serum uric acid (SUA) and several diabetic complications or co-morbidities remains a matter of debate. The study aims to explore the association between SUA levels and the prevalence of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), diabetic retinopathy (DR), diabetic nephropathy (DN) and diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN) in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Methods A total of 2,809 participants (1,784 males and 1,025 females) were included in this cross-sectional study. Clinical characteristics and the prevalence of each of the four diseases were analyzed based on gender-specific quartiles of SUA levels. The Pearson correlation analysis and linear-regression analysis were used to access the correlation between SUA levels and clinical characteristics. Furthermore, a binary logistic regression analysis was carried out to determine whether SUA was an independent risk factor for each of the four complications. Results SUA levels were positively correlated to BMI, BUN, Scr and TG, but negatively associated with eGFR, HDL, FBG, 2h-PG and HbA1c% for the patients with T2DM. The prevalence of NAFLD and DN, but not DR or DPN, were increased with SUA levels from the first to the fourth quartile. Binary logistic regression further disclosed that SUA was an independent risk factor for NAFLD (ORs Male = 1.002, ∗P = 0.0013; ORs Female = 1.002, ∗P = 0.015) and DN (ORs Male = 1.006, ∗P < 0.001; ORs Female = 1.005, ∗P < 0.001), but not for DR and DPN. After adjustment for the confounders, SUA levels were significantly associated with NAFLD within the 3rd (ORs = 1.829, P = 0.004) and 4th quartile (ORs = 2.064, P = 0.001) for women, but not independently associated with SUA for man. On the other hand, our results revealed increased prevalence of DN for SUA quartile 2 (ORs = 3.643, P = 0.039), quartile 3 (ORs = 3.967, P = 0.024) and quartile 4 (ORs = 9.133, P < 0.001) in men; however, SUA quartiles were significantly associated with DN only for quartile 4 (ORs = 4.083, P = 0.042) in women Conclusion For patients with T2DM, elevated SUA concentration is an independent risk factor for the prevalence of NAFLD and DN after adjustment for other indicators, but not DR or DPN.

scholarly journals P0292CONSTIPATION IN CHINESE ELDERLY: A HIDDEN CAUSE OF CHRONIC KIDNEY DISEASE AND THE RISK OF RAPID RENAL FUNCTION DECLINE

2020 ◽  
Vol 35 (Supplement_3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Guihua Jian ◽  
Dongsheng Cheng ◽  
Zhi Wang ◽  
Junhui Li ◽  
Qi Yang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Kidney Disease ◽  
Renal Function ◽  
Risk Factor ◽  
Retrospective Cohort ◽  
Independent Risk Factor ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Renal Function Decline ◽  
Ckd Stage

Abstract Background and Aims Both constipation and chronic kidney disease (CKD) are common among seniors. However, the association between constipation and CKD remain unclear. This study investigates the correlation between the two to provide a new basis for clinical treatment. Method Data from Shanghai community elderly physical examination database (2010-2018) were used to conduct a cross-sectional study and a retrospective cohort to evaluate the relationship between constipation and the prevalence of CKD and rapid renal function decline in the elderly community. Results The cross-sectional study covered 16,177 participants, with an average age of 71.3. Comparing to no constipation group, seniors with constipation have a higher proportion of suffering from CKD stage 3. Constipation is an independent risk factor contributing to the high prevalence of CKD stage 3 (OR:1.238,95% CI,1.045-1.466). This finding was further tested through a retrospective cohort study that included 4,203 participants with a medium following time of 6.1 years. As a result, 9.5% (n=401) reported to have rapid progression of renal function. After adjustment of confounding factors, the logistic regression analysis indicates that, constipation is an independent predictive variable of rapid renal function decline among aged population. Conclusion Constipation is an independent risk factor for the prevalence of CKD and an independent predictor of rapid renal function decline among seniors in the community. Prevention and treatment for constipation should be taken at an early stage, which may reduce the incidence of CKD and delay the progression of CKD.

scholarly journals Assessment of Hypogonadism in Men With Type 2 Diabetes: A Cross-Sectional Study From Saudi Arabia

2017 ◽  
Vol 10 ◽  
pp. 117955141771020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ayman Abdullah Al Hayek ◽  
Asirvatham Alwin Robert ◽  
Ghazi Alshammari ◽  
Husain Hakami ◽  
Mohamed Abdulaziz Al Dawish
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Saudi Arabia ◽  
Risk Factor ◽  
Independent Risk Factor ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
High Incidence

Background/objectives: A high incidence of hypogonadism in men with type 2 diabetes (T2D) has been globally reported. This study aimed to determining the frequency of hypogonadism and related risk factors among men with T2D in a single-site hospital in Saudi Arabia. Design and methods: A cross-sectional study was performed on 157 men with T2D (between 30 and 70 years of age). Using a prestructured questionnaire, the demographic features of these patients were gathered and their medical records were referred to gather information regarding the duration of the diabetes, smoking habits, and the presence of retinopathy, neuropathy, and nephropathy. Besides these, the biochemical parameters, total testosterone (TT), free testosterone, sex hormone–binding globulin, follicle-stimulating hormone, luteinizing hormone, prolactin, serum lipids, and glycosylated hemoglobin were also recorded. All the patients submitted the fully completed Androgen Deficiency in Aging Male (ADAM) questionnaire. The combination of symptoms (positive ADAM score) plus a TT level ⩽8 nmol/L constituted the condition of hypogonadism. Results: The total frequency of hypogonadism was 22.9% (36/157). Of the 157 total patients, 123 (78.3%) were shown to be ADAM positive, and of these, 90 (73.2%) exhibited decreased libido, 116 (94.3%) had weak erections, and 99 (80.5%) reported more than 3 symptoms of ADAM. Of these hypogonadic patients, 22.2% (n = 8) revealed primary hypogonadism, whereas 77.8% (n = 28) showed secondary hypogonadism. From the univariate analysis conducted, significant relationship was observed between treatment type, body mass index (BMI), and hypogonadism. The regression analysis showed BMI acting an independent risk factor of hypogonadism. Conclusions: Saudi men with T2D revealed a high incidence of hypogonadism. Body mass index was identified as an independent risk factor for hypogonadism.

scholarly journals Rotating Shift-Work as an Independent Risk Factor for Overweight Italian Workers: A Cross-Sectional Study

PLoS ONE ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 8 (5) ◽  
pp. e63289 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pamela Barbadoro ◽  
Lory Santarelli ◽  
Nicola Croce ◽  
Massimo Bracci ◽  
Daniela Vincitorio ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factor ◽  
Shift Work ◽  
Independent Risk Factor ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Rotating Shift Work

scholarly journals Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Nasal Carriage among Janitors Working in Hospital and Non-Hospital Areas: A Comparative Cross-Sectional Study

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Seid Abie ◽  
Moges Tiruneh ◽  
Wondwossen Abebe
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Associated Factors ◽  
Nasal Carriage ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Nasal Colonization ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Methicillin Resistant ◽  
Study Participants

Abstract Background: Nasal colonization of Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) plays a key role in the epidemiology and pathogenesis of both healthcare-associated and community-acquired MRSA infections in various populations. Screening of MRSA nasal colonization is important in the prevention and control of infection and may provide useful information to guide antimicrobial therapy. This study aimed to determine nasal carriage of MRSA, its antimicrobial susceptibility pattern, and associated factors among janitors working in hospital & non-hospital areas at the University of Gondar, Northwest Ethiopia.Methods: A comparative cross-sectional study was carried out in a total of 436 study participants (221 hospital and 215 non-hospital janitors) from January to May 2019. The study participants were sampled using a simple random sampling technique. Data on socio-demographic characteristics and associated factors were collected through face to face interviews using a structured questionnaire. Nasal swabs were collected and inoculated into Mannitol salt agar. MRSA was detected using cefoxitin (30µg) disc and an antibiotic susceptibility test was done using the disc diffusion method. Data were entered and analyzed using SPSS version 20 statistical package. P-value ≤ 0.05 was considered as statistically significant.Results: The overall prevalence of S. aureus was 101/436 (23.2%, [95% CI: 19.3-27.8], of which, 29.4% (65/221) were isolated from hospital and 16.7% (36/215) non-hospital janitors. The prevalence of MRSA was 4.8% (21/436) [95% CI: 3.0-6.9]; of these, 8.1% (18/221) of the isolates were from the hospital and 1.4% (3/215) non-hospital janitors, while MSSA in hospital & non-hospital janitors were 49 (22.2%) and 31 (14.4%), respectively. Among the MRSA isolates, 52.4% (11/21) were multi-drug resistant. Of these, 42.9% (9/18) were isolated from hospital and 66.7% (2/3) non-hospital janitors. Hence, nasal carriage of MRSA was significantly associated with hospitalization within the preceding year (AOR = 3.15, CI = 1.13-8.71).Conclusion: The present study revealed that high MSSA and MRSA were isolated from the hospital as compared to non-hospital janitors and high rates of antibiotics resistance were recorded in the hospital janitors. Consequently, hospitalizations were significantly associated with MRSA. Accordingly, regular screening of carriers in apparently healthy janitors is required for the prevention of nosocomial infections.

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