A body-fixed-sensor-based analysis of stair ascent and sit-to-stand to detect age-related differences in leg-extensor power

Abstract Background: It has been suggested that the age-related decline of androgens in men plays a distinct role in the development of several aspects of frailty. Therefore, hormone replacement might improve the course of frailty by increasing lean body mass and muscle strength, decreasing fat mass, and improving the subjective quality of life. Objective: The objective of the study was to assess whether hormone replacement with dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) and/or atamestane might improve the course of frailty. Design: This was a double-blind, randomized, controlled trial. Setting: The study was conducted in the general community. Participants: Participants included 100 nonhospitalized, nondiseased, independently living men, aged 70 yr and over with low scores on strength tests. Seventeen participants did not complete the trial. Intervention: Subjects were randomly assigned to one of four intervention arms: atamestane (100 mg/d) and placebo, DHEA (50 mg/d) and placebo, a combination of atamestane (100 mg/d) and DHEA (50 mg/d), or two placebo tablets for 36 wk. Main Outcome Measures: Physical frailty was measured by means of a specific test battery, including isometric grip strength, leg extensor power, and physical performance. Results: The randomization was successful, and 83 (83%) men completed the intervention. There were no differences between the treatment arms and placebo group in any of the outcome measurements after intervention. Conclusions: The results of this double-blind, randomized trial do not support the hypothesis that hormone replacement with DHEA and/or atamestane might improve the course of frailty.

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Age-related Changes in Postural Sway During Sit-to-stand in Typical Children and Children with Cerebral Palsy

Journal of Motor Behavior ◽

10.1080/00222895.2018.1454396 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 51 (2) ◽

pp. 185-192 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Silvia Leticia Pavão ◽

Ana Carolina de Campos ◽

Nelci Adriana Cicuto Ferreira Rocha

Keyword(s):

Cerebral Palsy ◽

Postural Sway ◽

Sit To Stand ◽

Age Related ◽

Children With Cerebral Palsy ◽

Age Related Changes

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Associating Gait Phase and Physical Fitness with Global Cognitive Function in the Aged

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health ◽

10.3390/ijerph17134786 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 17 (13) ◽

pp. 4786

Author(s):

Byungjoo Noh ◽

Changhong Youm ◽

Myeounggon Lee ◽

Hwayoung Park

Keyword(s):

Older Adults ◽

Cognitive Function ◽

Physical Fitness ◽

Grip Strength ◽

Stance Phase ◽

Strong Dependence ◽

Sit To Stand ◽

Global Cognitive Function ◽

Age Related ◽

Type Data

This study aimed to identify classifier variables by considering both gait and physical fitness for identifying adults aged over 75 years and global cognitive function declines in older adults. The participants included 735 adults aged 65–89 years who were asked to walk at three different speeds (slower, preferred, and faster) while wearing inertial measurement units embedded in shoe-type data loggers and to perform nine physical fitness tests. The variability in the stance phase as well as the strength, balance, and functional endurance showed a strong dependence on the age being over 75 years. The cognitive function was evaluated by the Mini-Mental State Examination; a longer stance phase at a slower walking speed and decreased grip strength and five times sit-to-stand were associated with cognitive function. These findings may be useful for determining the decline in physical performance of older adults. A longer stance phase and decreased grip strength and five times sit-to-stand may be factors that help distinguish declines in cognitive function from normal age-related declines.

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Age-related decline in leg-extensor power development in single- versus multi-joint movements

Experimental Gerontology ◽

10.1016/j.exger.2018.05.019 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 110 ◽

pp. 98-104 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Stijn Van Driessche ◽

Evelien Van Roie ◽

Benedicte Vanwanseele ◽

Marc Van Leemputte ◽

Christophe Delecluse

Keyword(s):

Power Development ◽

Age Related ◽

Leg Extensor Power ◽

Single Versus

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The Effect of Ageing on the Standing Up Movement Analysed using the Capacity, Reserve, Movement Objectives, and Compensation (CaReMoOC) Framework

10.20944/preprints202001.0089.v1 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Eline van der Kruk ◽

Anne K Silverman ◽

Peter Reilly ◽

Anthony M J Bull

Keyword(s):

Motor Control ◽

Current Knowledge ◽

Control Strategies ◽

The Elderly ◽

Mobility Limitations ◽

Future Studies ◽

Sit To Stand ◽

Age Related ◽

Standing Up ◽

Movement Compensation

In healthy ageing, capacity declines in the neural, muscular, and skeletal systems, and each system decline has its effect on the execution of complex motor tasks. This decline in capacity can result in the inability to stand up (sit-to-stand, sit-to-walk), which is a key movement for independence. The mechanisms leading to mobility limitations or inabilities are complex, overlapping, and interdependent and the complementary fields of biomechanics, motor control, and physiology need to be combined to understand these mechanisms. The aim of this review is to provide an overview of the current knowledge of age-related compensation in standing up and to consider the limitations of these results when analysing standing up in daily life using the Capacity, Reserve, Movement Objectives, and Compensation (CaReMoOC) framework that combines biomechanics, motor control, and physiology. A literature search was performed in the search engine Scopus, using the keywords and their synonyms: strateg*(approach, technique, way) AND, sit-to-walk OR sit-to-stand OR rise (raise, arise, stand, stand-up) AND chair (seat). Inclusion criteria were: biomechanics or motor control on sit-to-stand or sit-to-walk in healthy and/or frail adults (<60y) and elderly (>60y), and/or osteoarthritis patients as a specific case of ageing related decline. The review shows that movement compensations in standing up manifest as changes in planned trajectory (Compensation by Selection) and in muscle recruitment (Compensation by Reorganisation). However, as most studies in the literature typically use standardized experimental protocols where movement compensation is restricted, these studies cannot be directly translated to functional tasks, such as the mobility of the elderly in their homes, communities, and clinic. Compensation must be included in future studies in order to facilitate clinical translation. Specifically, future studies in the standing up task should 1) determine the effect of varying arm use strategies (e.g., armrests, knees, chair, cane) on trunk and both lower limb and upper limb joint loading, 2) analyse control strategies in elderly people, 3) determine the biomechanical implications of asymmetry, and 4) incorporate assessments of age-related physical and neural decline as well as changes in psychological priorities.

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Bend Don’t Break: Stretching Improves Scores on a Battery of Fall Assessment Tools in Older Adults

Journal of Sport Rehabilitation ◽

10.1123/jsr.2019-0246 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 30 (1) ◽

pp. 78-84

Author(s):

Nathan F. Johnson ◽

Chloe Hutchinson ◽

Kaitlyn Hargett ◽

Kyle Kosik ◽

Phillip Gribble

Keyword(s):

Older Adults ◽

Fall Risk ◽

Community Dwelling ◽

Assessment Tools ◽

Static Stretching ◽

Timed Up And Go ◽

Sit To Stand ◽

Age Related ◽

Flexibility Training ◽

Community Dwelling Older Adults

Context: Falls and loss of autonomy are often attributed in large part to musculoskeletal impairments in later adulthood. Age-related declines in flexibility contribute to late adulthood musculoskeletal impairment. The novel sitting-rising test has been proposed to be a quick, effective screening of musculoskeletal fitness, fall risk, and all-cause mortality in older adults. The timed up and go and 5 times sit-to-stand tests are two of the 3 most evidence-supported performance measures to assess fall risk. Objective: This study aimed to determine if 5 weeks of flexibility training could increase sitting-rising test, timed up and go, and 5 times sit-to-stand scores in community-dwelling older adults. Participants: Forty-seven adults aged 60 years and older (mean age = 66.7 y, SD = 4.1) participated in this study. Participants completed a static stretching protocol consisting of 3 weekly 1-hour stretching sessions. Results: The protocol improved flexibility as seen in sit-and-reach scores and improved scores on all outcome variables. Specifically, there was a significant increase in sitting-rising test scores from preintervention (M = 7.45, SD = 1.45) to postintervention (M = 8.04, SD = 1.36), t(42) = −5.21, P < .001. Timed up and go scores demonstrated a significant decrease from preintervention (M = 8.85, SD = 1.32) to postintervention (M = 8.20, SD = 1.35), t(46) = 5.10, P < .001. Five times sit-to-stand scores demonstrated a significant decrease from preintervention (M = 12.57, SD = 2.68) to postintervention (M = 10.46, SD = 2.06), t(46) = 6.62, P < .001. Finally, significant increases in sit-and-reach scores were associated with improved functional performance (r = −.308, P = .03). Conclusion: Findings suggest that flexibility training can be an effective mode of low-level exercise to improve functional outcomes. Static stretching may help to improve musculoskeletal health, promote autonomy, and decrease mortality in community-dwelling older adults.

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Age-related differences in brain activity during physical and imagined sit-to-stand in healthy young and older adults

Journal of Physical Therapy Science ◽

10.1589/jpts.31.440 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 31 (5) ◽

pp. 440-448 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Srisupornkornkool Kanokwan ◽

Wongcheen Pramkamol ◽

Klongkhayan Wipatcharee ◽

Warnjing Warissara ◽

Rassameejan Siwarit ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Older Adults ◽

Brain Activity ◽

Sit To Stand ◽

Age Related

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Tibolone does not affect muscle power and functional ability in healthy postmenopausal women

Clinical Science ◽

10.1042/cs1020135 ◽

2002 ◽

Vol 102 (2) ◽

pp. 135-141 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Ingrid B.A.E. MEEUWSEN ◽

Monique M. SAMSON ◽

Sijmen A. DUURSMA ◽

Harald J.J. VERHAAR

Keyword(s):

Muscle Strength ◽

Functional Ability ◽

Muscle Power ◽

Functional Independence ◽

Neuromuscular Function ◽

Group Differences ◽

Walk Test ◽

Age Related ◽

Leg Extensor Power ◽

Manual Test

Maintenance of neuromuscular function into old age is critical to maintain normal daily activity and functional independence. Maximal muscle strength declines with age, and the age-related loss in power might be even greater. An accelerated loss of muscle strength and power has been observed in women around the time of the menopause. The aim of the present study was to examine the effects of tibolone, a synthetic steroid with oestrogenic, progestogenic and androgenic activities, on muscle power, endurance and functional ability. A total of 85 healthy women, between 1 and 15 years postmenopausal, were recuited from local paper advertisements. Participants were randomly assigned to 2.5mg of tibolone or to placebo pills of identical appearance; pills were taken daily for 12 months, orally in the morning. Muscle power was assessed as explosive leg extensor power. Endurance was measured on a 2min walk test and a 3.5m walk. Functional ability was determined with the timed Get Up and Go test and a Postural/Locomotor/Manual test. No significant between-group differences were observed for any of the parameters. Possible explanations for this lack of effect are either the absence of an effect of tibolone on muscle power and functional ability, or that our participants were too far above their strength-related functional limits to derive benefit from intervention. Further research is required to resolve this issue.

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Acute Resistance Training May Have Lasting Benefit to Middle-Aged Adults

Gerontology and Geriatric Medicine ◽

10.1177/23337214211022592 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 7 ◽

pp. 233372142110225

Author(s):

Breanne S. Baker ◽

Majid Mufaqam Syed-Abdul ◽

Kelsey J. Weitzel ◽

Stephen D. Ball

Keyword(s):

Resistance Training ◽

Repeated Measures ◽

Measured Data ◽

Timed Up And Go ◽

Physical Strength ◽

Sit To Stand ◽

Age Related ◽

Survey Responses ◽

And Function ◽

Middle Aged Adults

Age-related declines in physical function can be mitigated with resistance training (RT), but most adults do not regularly exercise. We aimed to identify the magnitude and duration of benefits after RT in the Stay Strong, Stay Healthy (SSSH) program. A total of 27 adults (Repeaters n = 15; Summer Only n = 12), aged 60.7 ± 4.8 years, completed the same 8 weeks of SSSH in the summer and Repeaters continued in fall and spring months. Independent and paired t-tests and repeated-measures ANOVAs were used to test changes in survey responses and physical performance over 10 months. Both groups were similar at baseline ( p > .07) and improved from pre- to post-summer for health surveys scores, 30 second-sit-to-stand, timed-up-and-go, and sit-n-reach ( p ≤ .02). Additionally, Repeaters (measured data) and Summer Only (2.3% modeled decline) maintained those improvements 10 months later. Participation in 8 weeks of SSSH significantly improved physical strength and function and these improvements may last up to a year.

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