scholarly journals Two tales: Worldwide distribution of Central Asian (CAS) versus ancestral East-African Indian (EAI) lineages of Mycobacterium tuberculosis underlines a remarkable cleavage for phylogeographical, epidemiological and demographical characteristics

PLoS ONE ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (7) ◽  
pp. e0219706 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Couvin ◽  
Yann Reynaud ◽  
Nalin Rastogi
Keyword(s):  
Mycobacterium Tuberculosis ◽  
East African ◽  
Worldwide Distribution ◽  
Central Asian

scholarly journals Characterization of Mutations Conferring Extensive Drug Resistance to Mycobacterium tuberculosis Isolates in Pakistan

2011 ◽  
Vol 55 (12) ◽  
pp. 5654-5659 ◽  
Author(s):  
Asho Ali ◽  
Rumina Hasan ◽  
Kauser Jabeen ◽  
Nusrat Jabeen ◽  
Ejaz Qadeer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drug Resistance ◽  
Mycobacterium Tuberculosis ◽  
Hot Spot ◽  
East African ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Diagnostic Assays ◽  
Asian Strain ◽  
Central Asian ◽  
Extensive Drug Resistance ◽  
Detection Of Mutations

ABSTRACTThe increasing incidence of extensively drug-resistant (XDR)Mycobacterium tuberculosisin high-tuberculosis-burden countries further highlights the need for improved rapid diagnostic assays. An increasing incidence of XDRM. tuberculosisstrains in Pakistan has been reported, but drug resistance-associated mutations in these strains have not been evaluated previously. We sequenced the “hot-spot” regions ofrpoB,katG,inhA,ahpC,gyrA,gyrB, andrrsgenes in 50 XDRM. tuberculosisstrains. It was observed that 2% of rifampin, 6% of isoniazid, 24% of fluoroquinolone, and 32% of aminoglycoside/capreomycin resistance in XDRM. tuberculosisstrains would be undetected if only these common hot-spot regions were tested. The frequencies of resistance-conferring mutations were found to be comparable among all XDRM. tuberculosisstrain families present, including the Central Asian Strain, Beijing, and East African Indian genogroups and the Unique isolates. Additional genetic loci need to be tested for detection of mutations conferring fluoroquinolone, aminoglycoside, and capreomycin resistance in order to improve molecular diagnosis of regional XDRM. tuberculosisstrains.

scholarly journals Proteomics of Culture Filtrate of Prevalent Mycobacterium tuberculosis Strains: 2D-PAGE Map and MALDI-TOF/MS Analysis

2017 ◽  
Vol 22 (9) ◽  
pp. 1142-1149 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gavish Kumar ◽  
Hari Shankar ◽  
Divakar Sharma ◽  
Prashant Sharma ◽  
Deepa Bisht ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mycobacterium Tuberculosis ◽  
Culture Filtrate ◽  
Polyacrylamide Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Laboratory Strain ◽  
Proteomic Profiling ◽  
East African ◽  
Mycobacterium Tuberculosis H37rv ◽  
Flight Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Central Asian

Although diverse efforts have been done to identify biomarkers for control of tuberculosis using laboratory strain Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37Rv, the disease still poses a threat to mankind. There are many emerging M. tuberculosis strains, and proteomic profiling of these strains might be important to find out potential targets for diagnosis and/or prevention of tuberculosis. We evaluated the comparative proteomic profiling of culture filtrate (CF) proteins from prevalent M. tuberculosis strains (Central Asian or Delhi type; CAS1_Del, East African-Indian; EAI-3 and Beijing family) by 2D polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization–time-of-flight mass spectrometry. As a result, we could identify 12 CF proteins (Rv0066c, Rv1310, Rv3375, Rv1415, Rv0567, Rv1886c, Rv3803c, Rv3804c, Rv2031c, Rv1038c, Rv2809, and Rv1911c), which were consistently increased in all prevalent M. tuberculosis strains, and interestingly, two CF proteins (Rv2809, Rv1911c) were identified with unknown functions. Consistent increased intensity of these proteins suggests their critical role for survival of prevalent M. tuberculosis isolates, and some of these proteins may also have potential as diagnostic and vaccine candidates for tuberculosis, which needs to be further explored by immunological analysis.

scholarly journals Survival of hypoxia-induced dormancy is not a common feature of all strains of the Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Barbara Tizzano ◽  
Tobias K. Dallenga ◽  
Christian Utpatel ◽  
Jochen Behrends ◽  
Susanne Homolka ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mycobacterium Tuberculosis ◽  
Mycobacterium Tuberculosis Complex ◽  
East African ◽  
Tuberculosis Complex ◽  
Dormant State ◽  
Infection Dynamics ◽  
Central Asian ◽  
Oxygen Starvation ◽  
Similar Survival ◽  
Different Strains

AbstractWhile persistence in a dormant state is crucial for the life cycle of Mycobacterium tuberculosis, no investigation regarding dormancy survival of different strains across different lineages was performed so far. We analyzed responses to oxygen starvation and recovery in terms of growth, metabolism, and transcription. All different strains belonging to the Euro-American lineage (L4) showed similar survival and resuscitation characteristics. Different clinical isolates from the Beijing (L2), East African-Indian (L3), and Delhi/Central Asian (L1) lineage did not survive oxygen starvation. We show that dormancy survival is lineage-dependent. Recovery from O2 starvation was only observed in strains belonging to the Euro-American (L4) lineage but not in strains belonging to different lineages (L1, L2, L3). Thus, resuscitation from dormancy after oxygen starvation is not a general feature of all M. tuberculosis strains as thought before. Our findings are of key importance to understand infection dynamics of non-Euro-American vs Euro-American strains and to develop drugs targeting the dormant state.

scholarly journals Predominance of Central Asian strain (ST 26) in Mycobacterium tuberculosis isolates from Balochistan by spoligotyping

2019 ◽  
Vol 13 (07) ◽  
pp. 619-625
Author(s):  
Muhammad Shafee ◽  
Ferhat Abbas ◽  
Zunera Tanveer ◽  
Andrew Whitelaw ◽  
Lemese Ah Tow ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Mycobacterium Tuberculosis ◽  
Latin American ◽  
Base Line ◽  
East African ◽  
High Genetic Diversity ◽  
Asian Strain ◽  
Central Asian ◽  
Insight Into

Introduction: Tuberculosis is a chronic debilitating infectious disease causing a severe challenge to public health, especially in developing countries. The aim of this study was to examine genetic diversity in Mycobacterium tuberculosis strains circulating in the Balochistan region of Pakistan. Methodology: One hundred isolates collected from patients visiting the Fatima Jinnah TB Hospital in Quetta were subjected to genotype analysis by spoligotyping. Results: Three main genotypes were identified: Central Asian Strain 1 (CAS1) (n = 89), East African Indian (EAI) strain (n = 7) and Latin American Mediterranean (LAM) strain (n = 3). The CAS1 clade (ST 26) had high genetic diversity represented by seven different spoligopatterns, of which one had major predominace (n = 75). Conclusions: This is the first insight into the genotype of M. tuberculosis strains in the Balochistan region that might serve as a base line study for control of tuberculosis in the community.

scholarly journals Population structure, biogeography and transmissibility of Mycobacterium tuberculosis

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luca Freschi ◽  
Roger Vargas ◽  
Ashek Hussain ◽  
S M Mostofa Kamal ◽  
Alena Skrahina ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mycobacterium Tuberculosis ◽  
Population Structure ◽  
Global Scale ◽  
Rapid Identification ◽  
Genomic Diversity ◽  
Terminal Branch ◽  
East African ◽  
Nucleotide Substitutions ◽  
Central Asian ◽  
Depth Analysis

AbstractMycobacterium tuberculosis is a clonal pathogen proposed to have co-evolved with its human host for millennia, yet our understanding of its genomic diversity and biogeography remains incomplete. Here we use a combination of phylogenetics and dimensionality reduction to reevaluate the population structure of M. tuberculosis, providing the first in-depth analysis of the ancient East African Indian Lineage 1 and the modern Central Asian Lineage 3 and expanding our understanding of Lineages 2 and 4. We assess sub-lineages using genomic sequences from 4,939 pan-susceptible strains and find 30 new genetically distinct clades that we validate in a dataset of 4,645 independent isolates. We characterize sub-lineage geographic distributions and demonstrate a consistent geographically restricted and unrestricted pattern for 20 groups, including three groups of Lineage 1. We assess the transmissibility of the four major lineages by examining the distribution of terminal branch lengths across the M. tuberculosis phylogeny and identify evidence supporting higher transmissibility in Lineages 2 and 4 than 3 and 1 on a global scale. We define a robust expanded barcode of 95 single nucleotide substitutions (SNS) that allows for the rapid identification of 69 Mtb sub-lineages and 26 additional internal groups. Our results paint a higher resolution picture of the Mtb phylogeny and biogeography.

scholarly journals Genetic diversity of the Mycobacterium tuberculosis East African–Indian family in three tropical Asian countries

2017 ◽  
Vol 50 (6) ◽  
pp. 886-892 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yih-Yuan Chen ◽  
Jia-Ru Chang ◽  
Wei-Feng Huang ◽  
Chih-Hao Hsu ◽  
Han-Yin Cheng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Mycobacterium Tuberculosis ◽  
Asian Countries ◽  
East African ◽  
Indian Family

scholarly journals Machine-learning reveals that Mycobacterium tuberculosis genotypes and anatomic disease site impacts drug resistance and disease transmission among patients with proven extra-pulmonary tuberculosis

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Doctor Busizwe Sibandze ◽  
Beki Themba Magazi ◽  
Lesibana Anthony Malinga ◽  
Nontuthuko Excellent Maningi ◽  
Bong Akee Shey ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Machine Learning ◽  
Drug Resistance ◽  
Mycobacterium Tuberculosis ◽  
Disease Transmission ◽  
East Asian ◽  
Extrapulmonary Tuberculosis ◽  
Machine Learning Algorithms ◽  
East African ◽  
Development Of Resistance ◽  
Asian Lineage

Abstract Background: There is a general dearth of information on extrapulmonary tuberculosis (EPTB). Here, we investigated Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) drug resistance and transmission patterns in EPTB patients treated in the Tshwane metropolitan area, in South Africa.Methods: Consecutive Mtb culture-positive non-pulmonary samples from unique EPTB patients underwent mycobacterial genotyping and were assigned to phylogenetic lineages and transmission clusters based on spoligotypes. MTBDRplus assay was used to search mutations for isoniazid and rifampin resistance. Machine learning algorithms were used to identify clinically meaningful patterns in data. We computed odds ratio (OR), attributable risk (AR) and corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CI). Results: Of the 70 isolates examined, the largest cluster comprised 25 (36%) Mtb strains that belonged to the East Asian lineage. East Asian lineage was significantly more likely to occur within chains of transmission when compared to the Euro-American and East-African Indian lineages: OR= 10.11 (95% CI: 1.56-116). Lymphadenitis, meningitis and cutaneous TB, were significantly more likely to be associated with drug resistance: OR=12.69 (95% CI: 1.82-141.60) and AR = 0.25 (95% CI: 0.06-0.43) when compared with other EPTB sites, which suggests that poor rifampin penetration might be a contributing factor.Conclusions: The majority of Mtb strains circulating in the Tshwane metropolis belongs to East Asian, Euro-American and East-African Indian lineages. Each of these are likely to be clustered, suggesting on-going EPTB transmission. Since 25% of the drug resistance was attributable to sanctuary EPTB sites notorious for poor rifampin penetration, we hypothesize that poor anti-tuberculosis drug dosing might have a role in the development of resistance.

scholarly journals Genetic Diversity ofMycobacterium tuberculosisComplex Isolated from Tuberculosis Patients in Bahir Dar City and Its Surroundings, Northwest Ethiopia

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anwar Nuru ◽  
Gezahegne Mamo ◽  
Adane Worku ◽  
Aschalew Admasu ◽  
Girmay Medhin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Mycobacterium Tuberculosis ◽  
Northwest Ethiopia ◽  
Discriminatory Power ◽  
Geographical Region ◽  
Zoonotic Potential ◽  
Bahir Dar ◽  
East African ◽  
Tuberculosis Patients

The knowledge of the diversity of strains ofMycobacterium tuberculosiscomplex (MTBC) species in a specific geographical region can contribute to the control of tuberculosis (TB). This study was conducted to identify the MTBC isolates to the species and spoligotype international type (SIT) level by spoligotyping. A total of 168 MTBC isolates were recovered from TB patients, spoligotyped, and their patterns were compared with those of the strains registered in the SITVIT2 database. Of 168 isolates spoligotyped, 89 patterns were identified. Ninety-eight isolates were clustered into 19 strain groups with clustering percentage of 58.3%. Forty-four strains matched the preexisting SITs in the SITVIT2 database. The dominant strains were SIT289, SIT134, and SIT3411, comprising 16.7% (28/168), 7.14% (12/168), and 4.76% (8/168) of the isolates, respectively. Euro-American (51.2%), East-African-Indian (34.5%), andM. africanum(9.52%) were the major lineages identified. Two strains ofM. boviswere isolated from TB lymphadenitis cases. The high percentage of clustered strains ofM. tuberculosiscould suggest that a small number of lineages ofM. tuberculosisare causing the disease in the area while isolation ofM. boviscould suggest its zoonotic potential. Additionally, identification ofM. africanumrequires further confirmation by tools with a better discriminatory power.

scholarly journals Correlates between Models of Virulence for Mycobacterium tuberculosis among Isolates of the Central Asian Lineage: a Case for Lysozyme Resistance Testing?

2015 ◽  
Vol 83 (6) ◽  
pp. 2213-2223 ◽  
Author(s):  
Claire Pardieu ◽  
Nicola Casali ◽  
Simon O. Clark ◽  
Richard Hooper ◽  
Ann Williams ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mycobacterium Tuberculosis ◽  
Ex Vivo ◽  
Resistance Testing ◽  
Snp Analysis ◽  
Single Nucleotide ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Differential Outcomes ◽  
Central Asian ◽  
Strain H37rv

Virulence factors (VFs) contribute to the emergence of new humanMycobacterium tuberculosisstrains, are lineage dependent, and are relevant to the development ofM. tuberculosisdrugs/vaccines. VFs were sought withinM. tuberculosislineage 3, which has the Central Asian (CAS) spoligotype. Three isolates were selected from clusters previously identified as dominant in London, United Kingdom. Strain-associated virulence was studied in guinea pig, monocyte-derived macrophage, and lysozyme resistance assays. Whole-genome sequencing, single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) analysis, and a literature review contributed to the identification of SNPs of interest. The animal model revealed borderline differences in strain-associated pathogenicity.Ex vivo, isolate C72 exhibited statistically significant differences in intracellular growth relative to C6 and C14. SNP candidates inducing lower fitness levels included 123 unique nonsynonymous SNPs, including three located in genes (lysX,caeA, andponA2) previously identified as VFs in the laboratory-adapted reference strain H37Rv and shown to confer lysozyme resistance. C72 growth was most affected by lysozymein vitro. A BLAST search revealed that all three SNPs of interest (C35F, P76Q, and P780R) also occurred in Tiruvallur, India, and in Uganda. Unlike C72, however, no single isolate identified through BLAST carried all three SNPs simultaneously. CAS isolates representative of three medium-sized human clusters demonstrated differential outcomes in models commonly used to estimate strain-associated virulence, supporting the idea that virulence varies within, not just across,M. tuberculosislineages. Three VF SNPs of interest were identified in two additional locations worldwide, which suggested independent selection and supported a role for these SNPs in virulence. The relevance of lysozyme resistance to strain virulence remains to be established.

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