scholarly journals Characteristics and expression patterns of six α-galactosidases in cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.)

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. e0244714
Author(s):  
Zhi-ping Zhang ◽  
Yan-cheng Liu ◽  
Hai-bo Dai ◽  
Min-min Miao
Keyword(s):  
Early Stage ◽  
Expression Patterns ◽  
Soluble Sugars ◽  
Amino Acid Sequences ◽  
Cucumber Plant ◽  
Cucumis Sativus L ◽  
Cucumber Genome ◽  
Male Flowers ◽  
Germinating Seeds

Six putative α-galactosidase genes (α-Gals), three acid forms (CsGAL1, CsGAL2, CsGAL3) and three alkaline forms (CsAGA1, CsAGA2, CsAGAL3), were found in the cucumber genome. It is interesting to know the expression pattern and possible function of these α-Gals in the cucumber plant since it is a stachyose-translocating species. In this study, full-length cDNAs of six α-Gals were cloned and heterologously expressed. The result showed that all recombinant proteins revealed acid or alkaline α-Gal activities with different substrate specificities and pH or temperature responding curves, indicating their distinct roles in cucumber plants. Phylogenetic analysis of collected α-Gal amino acid sequences from different plants indicated that the ancestor of both acid and alkaline α-Gals existed before monocots and dicots separated. Generally, six α-Gal genes are universally expressed in different cucumber organs. CsGAL2 highly expressed in fasting-growing leaves, fruits and germinating seeds; CsGAL3 mainly distributes in vacuoles and significantly expressed in cucumber fruits, senescent leaves and seeds during late stage germination; The expression of CsAGA1 increased from leaf 1 to leaf 3 (sink leaves) and then declined from leaf 4 to leaf 7 (source leaves), and this isoform also highly expressed in male flowers and germinating seeds at early stage; CsAGA2 significantly expressed in cucumber leaves and female flowers; CsAGA3 is localized in plastids and also actively expressed in senescent leaves and germinating seeds; The role of CsGAL1 in cucumber plants is now unclear since its expression was relatively low in all organs. According to their expression patterns, subcellular localizations and previously reported functions of these isoforms in other plants, combining the data of soluble sugars contents in different tissues, the possible functions of these α-Gals were discussed.

scholarly journals The Role of Catalase-Peroxidase Secreted by Magnaporthe oryzae During Early Infection of Rice Cells

2011 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 163-171 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shigeru Tanabe ◽  
Naoko Ishii-Minami ◽  
Ken-Ichiro Saitoh ◽  
Yuko Otake ◽  
Hanae Kaku ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Culture Filtrate ◽  
Magnaporthe Oryzae ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Major Gene ◽  
Leaf Sheath ◽  
Epidermal Cells ◽  
Amino Acid Sequences ◽  
Conidial Suspension ◽  
Catalase Peroxidase

The biological role of a secretory catalase of the rice blast fungus Magnaporthe oryzae was studied. The internal amino acid sequences of the partially purified catalase in the culture filtrate enabled us to identify its encoding gene as a catalase-peroxidase gene, CPXB, among four putative genes for catalase or catalase-peroxidase in M. oryzae. Knockout of the gene drastically reduced the level of catalase activity in the culture filtrate and supernatant of conidial suspension (SCS), and increased the sensitivity to exogenously added H2O2 compared with control strains, suggesting that CPXB is the major gene encoding the secretory catalase and confers resistance to H2O2 in hyphae. In the mutant, the rate of appressoria that induced accumulation of H2O2 in epidermal cells of the leaf sheath increased and infection at early stages was delayed; however, the formation of lesions in the leaf blade was not affected compared with the control strain. These phenotypes were complimented by reintroducing the putative coding regions of CPXB driven by a constitutive promoter. These results suggest that CPXB plays a role in fungal defense against H2O2 accumulated in epidermal cells of rice at the early stage of infection but not in pathogenicity of M. oryzae.

scholarly journals Comprehensive genomic analysis and expression profiling of the BTB and TAZ (BT) genes in cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.)

2019 ◽  
Vol 56 (No. 1) ◽  
pp. 15-23 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yong Zhou ◽  
Guanghua Li ◽  
Lin Zhang ◽  
Jie Xu ◽  
Lifang Hu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stress Responses ◽  
Expression Patterns ◽  
Genomic Analysis ◽  
Biological Processes ◽  
Quantitative Real Time Pcr ◽  
Cucumis Sativus L ◽  
Btb Domain ◽  
Qrt Pcr ◽  
Cucumber Genome ◽  
Bt Genes

BTB-TAZ (BT) proteins are plant-specific transcription factors containing a BTB domain and a TAZ domain. They play vital roles in various biological processes and stress responses. In this study, a total of three BT genes (CsBT1–3) were identified from cucumber genome, and they were unevenly distributed in two of the seven chromosomes. Phylogenetic analysis of the BT proteins from cucumber, Arabidopsis, apple, tomato, and rice revealed that these proteins could be distinctly divided into two groups in accordance with their motif distributions. We also determined the structures of BT genes from cucumber, Arabidopsis, and rice to demonstrate their differences. The quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) results showed that the CsBT genes displayed differential expression patterns in cucumber tissues, and their expression was regulated by cold, salt, and drought stresses. These findings suggest that CsBT genes may participate in cucumber development and responses to various abiotic stresses.

scholarly journals Genome-wide identification and characterization of lectin receptor-like kinase gene family in cucumber and expression profiling analysis under different treatments

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Duo Lv ◽  
Gang Wang ◽  
Yue Chen ◽  
Liang-Rong Xiong ◽  
Jing-Xian Sun ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Family ◽  
Stress Responses ◽  
Expression Patterns ◽  
Regulatory Elements ◽  
Kinase Gene ◽  
Cucumis Sativus L ◽  
Lectin Receptor ◽  
Genome Wide ◽  
Cucumber Genome ◽  
And Function

Abstract Background Lectin receptor-like kinases (LecRLKs) are a class of membrane proteins found in plants that are involved in diverse functions, including plant development and stress responses. Although LecRLK families have been identified in a variety of plants, a comprehensive analysis has not yet been undertaken in cucumber ( Cucumis sativus L.).Results In this study, 46 putative LecRLK genes were identified in cucumber genome, including 23 G-type, 22 L-type and 1 C-type LecRLK genes. They unequally distributed on all 7 chromosomes with a clustering trendency. Most of the genes in the cucumber LecRLK (Cs LecRLK) gene family lacked introns. In addition, there were many regulatory elements associated with phytohormone and stress on these genes’ promoters. Transcriptome data demonstrated that distinct expression patterns of CsLecRLK genes in various tissues. Furthermore, we found that each member of the CsLecRLK family had its own unique expression pattern under hormone and stress treatment by the quantitative real time PCR (qRT-PCR) analysis.Conclusion This study provides a better understanding of the evolution and function of LecRLK gene family in cucumber, and opens the possibility to explore the roles that LecRLK s might play in the life cycle of cucumber.

scholarly journals Comprehensive Characterization of Fruit Volatiles and Nutritional Quality of Three Cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) Genotypes from Different Geographic Groups after Bagging Treatment

Foods ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 294 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nan Shan ◽  
Zengyu Gan ◽  
Jing Nie ◽  
Huan Liu ◽  
Zhenyu Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cucumis Sativus ◽  
Nutritional Quality ◽  
Expression Patterns ◽  
Relative Proportion ◽  
Soluble Sugars ◽  
Hydroperoxide Lyase ◽  
Cucumis Sativus L ◽  
Cucumber Fruit ◽  
Fruit Flavor

Bagging is widely practiced to produce high quality and unblemished fruit; however, little is currently known about the effect of bagging on flavor and nutritional quality of cucumber fruits. Here we determined the influence of bagging on fruit quality of cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) using three genotypes from different geographic groups. Exocarp chlorophyll and carotenoid levels were significantly decreased by bagging, accompanied by color change. Ascorbate content in bagged fruits decreased to some extent, while contents of soluble sugars, starch, and cellulose were comparable with those of control fruits. Compositions related to fruit flavor quality could be enhanced largely through bagging treatment, with elevation of the relative proportion of C6 aldehyde, as well as (E,Z)-2,6-nonadienal/(E)-2-nonenal ratio, and linoleic/α-linolenic acid ratio. Lipoxygenase and hydroperoxide lyase, two key enzymes in the production of volatiles, displayed distinctive transcript expression patterns and trends in changes of enzymatic activity in the bagged fruits of different genotypes. Overall, this study assesses the information on changing characteristics of fruit volatile composition and nutritional quality among different cucumber genotypes after bagging treatment. Results of this study would contribute to providing reference for mechanism study and cultivation conditions to improve cucumber fruit flavor to a considerable degree.

Dysregulation of HOX as a Potential Therapeutic Target in Breast Cancer

2020 ◽  
Vol 27 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ji-Yeon Lee ◽  
Myoung Hee Kim
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Hox Genes ◽  
Therapeutic Potential ◽  
Expression Patterns ◽  
Genome Structure ◽  
Control Cell ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Cellular Processes ◽  
Hox Protein

: HOX genes belong to the highly conserved homeobox superfamily, responsible for the regulation of various cellular processes that control cell homeostasis, from embryogenesis to carcinogenesis. The abnormal expression of HOX genes is observed in various cancers, including breast cancer; they act as oncogenes or as suppressors of cancer, according to context. In this review, we analyze HOX gene expression patterns in breast cancer and examine their relationship, based on the three-dimensional genome structure of the HOX locus. The presence of non-coding RNAs, embedded within the HOX cluster, and the role of these molecules in breast cancer have been reviewed. We further evaluate the characteristic activity of HOX protein in breast cancer and its therapeutic potential.

Role of Carboplatin in the Treatment of Triple Negative Early- Stage Breast Cancer

2015 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 101-110 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matias E. Valsecchi ◽  
Gerrit Kimmey ◽  
Arvinder Bir ◽  
Damian Silbermins
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Triple Negative ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Early Stage Breast Cancer

scholarly journals The Ability of Metabolomics to Discriminate Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer Subtypes Depends on the Stage of the Disease and the Type of Material Studied

Cancers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (13) ◽  
pp. 3314
Author(s):  
Tomasz Kowalczyk ◽  
Joanna Kisluk ◽  
Karolina Pietrowska ◽  
Joanna Godzien ◽  
Miroslaw Kozlowski ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Pathways ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Chronic Obstructive ◽  
Liquid Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Obstructive Pulmonary Disease ◽  
Cell Lung Carcinoma ◽  
Cancer Subtypes ◽  
Inflammatory State ◽  
Nsclc Patients

Identification of the NSCLC subtype at an early stage is still quite sophisticated. Metabolomics analysis of tissue and plasma of NSCLC patients may indicate new, and yet unknown, metabolic pathways active in the NSCLC. Our research characterized the metabolomics profile of tissue and plasma of patients with early and advanced NSCLC stage. Samples were subjected to thorough metabolomics analyses using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) technique. Tissue and/or plasma samples from 137 NSCLC patients were analyzed. Based on the early stage tissue analysis, more than 200 metabolites differentiating adenocarcinoma (ADC) and squamous cell lung carcinoma (SCC) subtypes as well as normal tissue, were identified. Most of the identified metabolites were amino acids, fatty acids, carnitines, lysoglycerophospholipids, sphingomyelins, plasmalogens and glycerophospholipids. Moreover, metabolites related to N-acyl ethanolamine (NAE) biosynthesis, namely glycerophospho (N-acyl) ethanolamines (GP-NAE), which discriminated early-stage SCC from ADC, have also been identified. On the other hand, the analysis of plasma of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and NSCLC patients allowed exclusion of the metabolites related to the inflammatory state in lungs and the identification of compounds (lysoglycerophospholipids, glycerophospholipids and sphingomyelins) truly characteristic to cancer. Our results, among already known, showed novel, thus far not described, metabolites discriminating NSCLC subtypes, especially in the early stage of cancer. Moreover, the presented results also indicated the activity of new metabolic pathways in NSCLC. Further investigations on the role of NAE biosynthesis pathways in the early stage of NSCLC may reveal new prognostic and diagnostic targets.

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