The Role of Catalase-Peroxidase Secreted by Magnaporthe oryzae During Early Infection of Rice Cells

The biological role of a secretory catalase of the rice blast fungus Magnaporthe oryzae was studied. The internal amino acid sequences of the partially purified catalase in the culture filtrate enabled us to identify its encoding gene as a catalase-peroxidase gene, CPXB, among four putative genes for catalase or catalase-peroxidase in M. oryzae. Knockout of the gene drastically reduced the level of catalase activity in the culture filtrate and supernatant of conidial suspension (SCS), and increased the sensitivity to exogenously added H2O2 compared with control strains, suggesting that CPXB is the major gene encoding the secretory catalase and confers resistance to H2O2 in hyphae. In the mutant, the rate of appressoria that induced accumulation of H2O2 in epidermal cells of the leaf sheath increased and infection at early stages was delayed; however, the formation of lesions in the leaf blade was not affected compared with the control strain. These phenotypes were complimented by reintroducing the putative coding regions of CPXB driven by a constitutive promoter. These results suggest that CPXB plays a role in fungal defense against H2O2 accumulated in epidermal cells of rice at the early stage of infection but not in pathogenicity of M. oryzae.

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Characteristics and expression patterns of six α-galactosidases in cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.)

PLoS ONE ◽

10.1371/journal.pone.0244714 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 16 (1) ◽

pp. e0244714

Author(s):

Zhi-ping Zhang ◽

Yan-cheng Liu ◽

Hai-bo Dai ◽

Min-min Miao

Keyword(s):

Early Stage ◽

Expression Patterns ◽

Soluble Sugars ◽

Amino Acid Sequences ◽

Cucumber Plant ◽

Cucumis Sativus L ◽

Cucumber Genome ◽

Male Flowers ◽

Germinating Seeds

Six putative α-galactosidase genes (α-Gals), three acid forms (CsGAL1, CsGAL2, CsGAL3) and three alkaline forms (CsAGA1, CsAGA2, CsAGAL3), were found in the cucumber genome. It is interesting to know the expression pattern and possible function of these α-Gals in the cucumber plant since it is a stachyose-translocating species. In this study, full-length cDNAs of six α-Gals were cloned and heterologously expressed. The result showed that all recombinant proteins revealed acid or alkaline α-Gal activities with different substrate specificities and pH or temperature responding curves, indicating their distinct roles in cucumber plants. Phylogenetic analysis of collected α-Gal amino acid sequences from different plants indicated that the ancestor of both acid and alkaline α-Gals existed before monocots and dicots separated. Generally, six α-Gal genes are universally expressed in different cucumber organs. CsGAL2 highly expressed in fasting-growing leaves, fruits and germinating seeds; CsGAL3 mainly distributes in vacuoles and significantly expressed in cucumber fruits, senescent leaves and seeds during late stage germination; The expression of CsAGA1 increased from leaf 1 to leaf 3 (sink leaves) and then declined from leaf 4 to leaf 7 (source leaves), and this isoform also highly expressed in male flowers and germinating seeds at early stage; CsAGA2 significantly expressed in cucumber leaves and female flowers; CsAGA3 is localized in plastids and also actively expressed in senescent leaves and germinating seeds; The role of CsGAL1 in cucumber plants is now unclear since its expression was relatively low in all organs. According to their expression patterns, subcellular localizations and previously reported functions of these isoforms in other plants, combining the data of soluble sugars contents in different tissues, the possible functions of these α-Gals were discussed.

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Overview of the role of neoadjuvant chemotherapy for early stage non[ndash ]small cell lung cancer

Seminars in Oncology ◽

10.1053/sonc.2001.27628 ◽

2001 ◽

Vol 28 (4L) ◽

pp. 29-36

Author(s):

Alain Depierre ◽

Virginie Westeel

Keyword(s):

Lung Cancer ◽

Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy ◽

Small Cell Lung Cancer ◽

Cell Lung Cancer ◽

Early Stage ◽

Small Cell ◽

Small Cell Lung

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Surgical outcome of endoscopic surgery in women with early stage cervical and endometrial carcinoma, the role of surgeon's experience and quality parameters

Geburtshilfe und Frauenheilkunde ◽

10.1055/s-0034-1388268 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 74 (S 01) ◽

Author(s):

R Mavrova ◽

JC Radosa ◽

S Baum ◽

EF Solomayer ◽

I Juhasz-Böss

Keyword(s):

Endometrial Carcinoma ◽

Endoscopic Surgery ◽

Surgical Outcome ◽

Early Stage ◽

Quality Parameters

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The Role of Cyclin E and Its Lower Molecular Forms in the Oncogenesis of Ovarian Cancer and Its Predictive Value in Patients with Early Stage Ovarian Tumor

10.21236/ada462458 ◽

2005 ◽

Author(s):

Khandan Keyomarsi

Keyword(s):

Ovarian Cancer ◽

Predictive Value ◽

Ovarian Tumor ◽

Early Stage ◽

Cyclin E ◽

Molecular Forms

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Role of Carboplatin in the Treatment of Triple Negative Early- Stage Breast Cancer

Reviews on Recent Clinical Trials ◽

10.2174/1574887110666150624101343 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 10 (2) ◽

pp. 101-110 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Matias E. Valsecchi ◽

Gerrit Kimmey ◽

Arvinder Bir ◽

Damian Silbermins

Keyword(s):

Breast Cancer ◽

Triple Negative ◽

Early Stage ◽

Early Stage Breast Cancer

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NLRP7 Promotes Choriocarcinoma Growth and Progression through the Establishment of an Immunosuppressive Microenvironment

Cancers ◽

10.3390/cancers13122999 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (12) ◽

pp. 2999

Author(s):

Deborah Reynaud ◽

Roland Abi Nahed ◽

Nicolas Lemaitre ◽

Pierre-Adrien Bolze ◽

Wael Traboulsi ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Immune Response ◽

Tumor Cells ◽

Major Gene ◽

Critical Role ◽

Orthotopic Model ◽

Independent Manner ◽

Maternal Immune Response ◽

The Impact

The inflammatory gene NLRP7 is the major gene responsible for recurrent complete hydatidiform moles (CHM), an abnormal pregnancy that can develop into gestational choriocarcinoma (CC). However, the role of NLRP7 in the development and immune tolerance of CC has not been investigated. Three approaches were employed to define the role of NLRP7 in CC development: (i) a clinical study that analyzed human placenta and sera collected from women with normal pregnancies, CHM or CC; (ii) an in vitro study that investigated the impact of NLRP7 knockdown on tumor growth and organization; and (iii) an in vivo study that used two CC mouse models, including an orthotopic model. NLRP7 and circulating inflammatory cytokines were upregulated in tumor cells and in CHM and CC. In tumor cells, NLRP7 functions in an inflammasome-independent manner and promoted their proliferation and 3D organization. Gravid mice placentas injected with CC cells invalidated for NLRP7, exhibited higher maternal immune response, developed smaller tumors, and displayed less metastases. Our data characterized the critical role of NLRP7 in CC and provided evidence of its contribution to the development of an immunosuppressive maternal microenvironment that not only downregulates the maternal immune response but also fosters the growth and progression of CC.

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The Ability of Metabolomics to Discriminate Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer Subtypes Depends on the Stage of the Disease and the Type of Material Studied

Cancers ◽

10.3390/cancers13133314 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (13) ◽

pp. 3314

Author(s):

Tomasz Kowalczyk ◽

Joanna Kisluk ◽

Karolina Pietrowska ◽

Joanna Godzien ◽

Miroslaw Kozlowski ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Metabolic Pathways ◽

Early Stage ◽

Chronic Obstructive ◽

Liquid Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽

Obstructive Pulmonary Disease ◽

Cell Lung Carcinoma ◽

Cancer Subtypes ◽

Inflammatory State ◽

Nsclc Patients

Identification of the NSCLC subtype at an early stage is still quite sophisticated. Metabolomics analysis of tissue and plasma of NSCLC patients may indicate new, and yet unknown, metabolic pathways active in the NSCLC. Our research characterized the metabolomics profile of tissue and plasma of patients with early and advanced NSCLC stage. Samples were subjected to thorough metabolomics analyses using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) technique. Tissue and/or plasma samples from 137 NSCLC patients were analyzed. Based on the early stage tissue analysis, more than 200 metabolites differentiating adenocarcinoma (ADC) and squamous cell lung carcinoma (SCC) subtypes as well as normal tissue, were identified. Most of the identified metabolites were amino acids, fatty acids, carnitines, lysoglycerophospholipids, sphingomyelins, plasmalogens and glycerophospholipids. Moreover, metabolites related to N-acyl ethanolamine (NAE) biosynthesis, namely glycerophospho (N-acyl) ethanolamines (GP-NAE), which discriminated early-stage SCC from ADC, have also been identified. On the other hand, the analysis of plasma of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and NSCLC patients allowed exclusion of the metabolites related to the inflammatory state in lungs and the identification of compounds (lysoglycerophospholipids, glycerophospholipids and sphingomyelins) truly characteristic to cancer. Our results, among already known, showed novel, thus far not described, metabolites discriminating NSCLC subtypes, especially in the early stage of cancer. Moreover, the presented results also indicated the activity of new metabolic pathways in NSCLC. Further investigations on the role of NAE biosynthesis pathways in the early stage of NSCLC may reveal new prognostic and diagnostic targets.

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EBF1 is expressed in pericytes and contributes to pericyte cell commitment

Histochemistry and Cell Biology ◽

10.1007/s00418-021-02015-7 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Francesca Pagani ◽

Elisa Tratta ◽

Patrizia Dell’Era ◽

Manuela Cominelli ◽

Pietro Luigi Poliani

Keyword(s):

Stem Cells ◽

Endothelial Cells ◽

Mesenchymal Stem Cells ◽

B Cell ◽

Cell Fate ◽

Early Stage ◽

Cell Lineage ◽

Cell Maturation ◽

Cell Commitment

AbstractEarly B-cell factor-1 (EBF1) is a transcription factor with an important role in cell lineage specification and commitment during the early stage of cell maturation. Originally described during B-cell maturation, EBF1 was subsequently identified as a crucial molecule for proper cell fate commitment of mesenchymal stem cells into adipocytes, osteoblasts and muscle cells. In vessels, EBF1 expression and function have never been documented. Our data indicate that EBF1 is highly expressed in peri-endothelial cells in both tumor vessels and in physiological conditions. Immunohistochemistry, quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) and fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS) analysis suggest that EBF1-expressing peri-endothelial cells represent bona fide pericytes and selectively express well-recognized markers employed in the identification of the pericyte phenotype (SMA, PDGFRβ, CD146, NG2). This observation was also confirmed in vitro in human placenta-derived pericytes and in human brain vascular pericytes (HBVP). Of note, in accord with the key role of EBF1 in the cell lineage commitment of mesenchymal stem cells, EBF1-silenced HBVP cells showed a significant reduction in PDGFRβ and CD146, but not CD90, a marker mostly associated with a prominent mesenchymal phenotype. Moreover, the expression levels of VEGF, angiopoietin-1, NG2 and TGF-β, cytokines produced by pericytes during angiogenesis and linked to their differentiation and activation, were also significantly reduced. Overall, the data suggest a functional role of EBF1 in the cell fate commitment toward the pericyte phenotype.

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