scholarly journals Reconstructing dynamics of foodborne disease outbreaks in the US cattle market from monitoring data

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. e0245867
Author(s):  
Ray Huffaker ◽  
Monika Hartmann
Keyword(s):  
Empirical Studies ◽  
Disease Outbreaks ◽  
Futures Market ◽  
Empirical Modeling ◽  
Foodborne Disease ◽  
Market Prices ◽  
Cattle Markets ◽  
The Us ◽  
Random Shocks ◽  
Cattle Market

Conventional empirical studies of foodborne-disease outbreaks (FDOs) in agricultural markets are linear-stochastic formulations hardwiring a world in which markets self-correct in response to external random shocks including FDOs. These formulations were unequipped to establish whether FDOs cause market reaction, or whether markets endogenously propagate outbreaks. We applied nonlinear time series analysis (NLTS) to reconstruct annual dynamics of FDOs in US cattle markets from CDC outbreak data, live cattle futures market prices, and USDA cattle inventories from 1967–2018, and used reconstructed dynamics to detect causality. Reconstructed deterministic nonlinear market dynamics are endogenously unstable—not self-correcting, and cattle inventories drive futures prices and FDOs attributed to beef in temporal patterns linked to a multi-decadal cattle cycle undetected in daily/weekly price movements investigated previously. Benchmarking real-world dynamics with NLTS offers more informative and credible empirical modeling at the convergence of natural and economic sciences.

scholarly journals Produce-associated foodborne disease outbreaks, USA, 1998–2013

2018 ◽  
Vol 146 (11) ◽  
pp. 1397-1406 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. D. Bennett ◽  
S. V. Sodha ◽  
T. L. Ayers ◽  
M. F. Lynch ◽  
L. H. Gould ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Food Safety ◽  
Shiga Toxin ◽  
Surveillance System ◽  
Disease Outbreaks ◽  
Disease Outbreak ◽  
Foodborne Disease ◽  
Safety Measures ◽  
Row Crops ◽  
The Us ◽  
Foodborne Outbreaks

AbstractThe US Food Safety Modernization Act (FSMA) gives food safety regulators increased authority to require implementation of safety measures to reduce the contamination of produce. To evaluate the future impact of FSMA on food safety, a better understanding is needed regarding outbreaks attributed to the consumption of raw produce. Data reported to the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's Foodborne Disease Outbreak Surveillance System during 1998–2013 were analysed. During 1998–2013, there were 972 raw produce outbreaks reported resulting in 34 674 outbreak-associated illnesses, 2315 hospitalisations, and 72 deaths. Overall, the total number of foodborne outbreaks reported decreased by 38% during the study period and the number of raw produce outbreaks decreased 19% during the same period; however, the percentage of outbreaks attributed to raw produce among outbreaks with a food reported increased from 8% during 1998–2001 to 16% during 2010–2013. Raw produce outbreaks were most commonly attributed to vegetable row crops (38% of outbreaks), fruits (35%) and seeded vegetables (11%). The most common aetiologic agents identified were norovirus (54% of outbreaks), Salmonella enterica (21%) and Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli (10%). Food-handling errors were reported in 39% of outbreaks. The proportion of all foodborne outbreaks attributable to raw produce has been increasing. Evaluation of safety measures to address the contamination on farms, during processing and food preparation, should take into account the trends occurring before FSMA implementation.

Relationship between Coffee Prices in Spot and Futures Markets-An Empirical Analysis

2020 ◽  
pp. 180-188
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Strong Relationship ◽  
Futures Market ◽  
Regression Coefficients ◽  
Futures Prices ◽  
Market Prices ◽  
Spot Prices ◽  
Correlation And Regression Analysis ◽  
Highly Correlated

The present study explored the relationship between spot and futures coffee prices. The Correlation and Regression analysis were carried out based on monthly observations of International Coffee Organization (ICO) indicator prices of the four groups (Colombian Milds, Other Milds, Brazilian Naturals, and Robustas) representing Spot markets and the averages of 2nd and 3rd positions of the Intercontinental Exchange (ICE) New York for Arabica and ICE Europe for Robusta representing the Futures market for the period 1990 to 2019. The study also used the monthly average prices paid to coffee growers in India from 1990 to 2019. The estimated correlation coefficients indicated both the Futures prices and Spot prices of coffee are highly correlated. Further, estimated regression coefficients revealed a very strong relationship between Futures prices and Spot prices for all four ICO group indicator prices. Hence, the ICE New York (Arabica) and ICE Europe (Robusta) coffee futures prices are very closely related to Spot prices. The estimated regression coefficients between Futures prices and the price paid to coffee growers in India confirmed the positive relationship, but the dispersion of more prices over the trend line indicates a lesser degree of correlation between the price paid to growers at India and Futures market prices during the study period.

The Relative and Incremental Valuation Effects of Embedded Value Disclosure by Life Insurers: Evidence from Cross-Listed Firms in the U.S.

2014 ◽  
Vol 29 (2) ◽  
pp. 327-339 ◽  
Author(s):  
Samir M. El-Gazzar ◽  
Rudolph A. Jacob ◽  
Scott P. McGregor
Keyword(s):  
Empirical Studies ◽  
Explanatory Power ◽  
Accounting Standards ◽  
Cash Flows ◽  
Market Prices ◽  
Joint Project ◽  
Listed Firms ◽  
Valuation Effects ◽  
Life Insurers ◽  
Embedded Value

SYNOPSIS European life insurers began disclosing embedded value information (EV) over a decade ago due to concerns with traditional local accounting standards. EV is an estimate of the present value of future net cash flows from in-force life insurance business. However, U.S.-based life insurers have yet to adopt this disclosure, although several surveys and empirical studies suggest that EV disclosure provides valuable information in assessing life insurers' performance. This paper examines the incremental valuation effects of EV disclosure in the presence of U.S. GAAP. We utilize a sample of cross-listed life insurers as surrogates to assess the valuation effects of EV disclosures for U.S. life insurers. Our empirical results show a higher association between EV and stock market prices than those of traditional accounting metrics such as earnings or book value. The results also show that EV has incremental explanatory power beyond those of traditional U.S. GAAP accounting measures. Our findings provide vital input to FASB and IASB as they currently engage in a joint project to develop uniform globally acceptable, comparable accounting standards for life insurers.

scholarly journals Food recalls associated with foodborne disease outbreaks, United States, 2006–2016

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-24
Author(s):  
Qihua Qiu ◽  
Daniel Dewey-Mattia ◽  
Sanjana Subramhanya ◽  
Zhaohui Cui ◽  
Patricia M. Griffin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Disease Outbreaks ◽  
Foodborne Disease ◽  
Food Recalls

scholarly journals A Tournament Approach to Price Discovery in the U.S. Cattle Market

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-16
Author(s):  
Jeffrey Wright ◽  
Man-Keun Kim ◽  
Hernan A. Tejeda ◽  
Hwa-Neyon Kim
Keyword(s):  
Cluster Analysis ◽  
Futures Markets ◽  
Hierarchical Cluster ◽  
Correction Model ◽  
Cattle Markets ◽  
Price Leader ◽  
Dynamic Relationships ◽  
Cattle Market ◽  
The U.S

Abstract The dominant market where information is discovered plays the role of price leader providing substantial market information to other markets. This study investigates the dynamic relationships of 30 cattle markets across regions, cattle types, and cash/futures markets. The comparison of many markets, using an error correction model, is accomplished with the introduction of a tournament with a hierarchical cluster analysis, which allows us to conclude that the leading price for the U.S. cattle markets is discovered in the futures markets for both feeder and fed cattle.

Insects as vectors of foodborne pathogenic bacteria

2011 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 5-16 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeffrey Blazar ◽  
Marc Allard ◽  
E. Kurt Lienau
Keyword(s):  
Food Safety ◽  
Foodborne Pathogens ◽  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Disease Outbreaks ◽  
House Fly ◽  
American Cockroach ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Foodborne Disease ◽  
Salmonella Spp

AbstractFood safety is an important consideration worldwide. To maintain and improve our current knowledge of foodborne disease outbreaks, we must understand some of the more imminent issues related to food safety. A variety of agents are responsible for transmitting the estimated 76 million cases of illnesses caused by foodborne pathogens every year. This review explores why insects pose a serious health concern, in terms of worldwide food safety initiatives, by looking at evidence in published <abs>Food safety is an important consideration worldwide. To maintain and improve our current knowledge of foodborne disease outbreaks, we must understand some of the more imminent issues related to food safety. A variety of agents are responsible for transmitting the estimated 76 million cases of illnesses caused by foodborne pathogens every year. This review explores why insects pose a serious health concern, in terms of worldwide food safety initiatives, by looking at evidence in published literature. We highlight at least eleven different species of insects, including the lesser mealworm, Alphitobius diaperinus (Panzer); secondary screwworm, Cochliomyia macellaria (Fabricius); synanthropic flies [flesh fly, Sarcophaga carnaria (L.); house fly, Musca domestica (L.); fruit fly, Drosophila melanogaster (Meigen); and stable fly, Stomoxys calcitrans (L.)], American cockroach, Periplaneta americana (L.); German cockroach, Blatella germanica (L.); Oriental cockroach, Blatta orientalis (L.); Pacific beetle cockroach, Diploptera punctata (Eschscholtz); and Speckled feeder cockroach, Nauphoeta cinerea (Olivier), which act as vectors for Salmonella spp. or Escherichia coli and illustrate how these insects are successful vectors of foodborne disease outbreaks. We propose that insects be considered as one of the latest issues in food safety initiatives. Not only are some insects extremely important contributors to diseases, but now we suggest that more research into insects as potential carriers of E. coli and Salmonella spp., and therefore as contributing to foodborne disease outbreaks, is granted.

The Dolly-Dollar Dichotomy: Animal Cloning Restrictions and the Competitiveness of the European Biotech Industry

1998 ◽  
Vol 67 (4) ◽  
pp. 423-430
Author(s):  
Keyword(s):  
Production Capacity ◽  
Transgenic Animals ◽  
Factor Ix ◽  
Market Prices ◽  
Animal Cloning ◽  
Eu Member States ◽  
The Us ◽  
Biotech Industry ◽  
Employment Potential ◽  
European Situation

AbstractObjective: Review of animal cloning legislation (legal restrictions) and its potential impact on the competitiveness of the European biotech industry.Material and methods: Review and comparison of enacted and pending international legislation on animal cloning techniques (US and EU), analyzing materials obtained by database searches and direct contact with EU and US officials. Market prices on therapeutic hormones were provided by Apoteksbolaget, Sweden. The estimations for the production capacity of transgenic animals are based on information from Genzyme USA, and include results obtained from a review of international articles on animal cloning.Results: Recent scientific and technological progress in modern cloning techniques holds promise to be able to produce an increased amount of cheaper human therapeutics (growth hormone, factor IX, etc.) in the near future. Animal cloning restrictions, as recently introduced in Holland, could thus, if spread to other EU Member States, have a stigmatizing effect upon these developments. This, of course, would have serious implications for the competitiveness of the European biotech industry, reducing the expected employment potential in this field. The European situation can be usefully compared with the developments in the US, where no animal cloning restriction is foreseen in the currently debated US cloning legislation, which refers exclusively to human cloning restrictions. A relocation of the European biotech industry to the US has already been reported on, a process that would, if continued, subsequently diminish the European potential for influencing future developments in the area.

Effect of Ozone on the Inactivation of Yersinia enterocolitica and the Reduction of Natural Flora on Potatoes

2006 ◽  
Vol 69 (10) ◽  
pp. 2357-2363 ◽  
Author(s):  
MARÍA VICTORIA SELMA ◽  
DAVID BELTRÁN ◽  
ELISEO CHACÓN-VERA ◽  
MARÍA ISABEL GIL
Keyword(s):  
Listeria Monocytogenes ◽  
Yersinia Enterocolitica ◽  
Disease Outbreaks ◽  
Wash Water ◽  
Foodborne Disease ◽  
Pathogenic Microorganisms ◽  
Psychrotrophic Bacteria ◽  
Fresh Vegetables ◽  
Natural Flora ◽  
Soil Irrigation

Fresh vegetables contaminated with Yersinia enterocolitica have been implicated in foodborne disease outbreaks. Surfaces of vegetables can become contaminated with pathogenic microorganisms through contact with soil, irrigation water, fertilizers, equipment, humans, and animals. One approach to reduce this contamination is to treat fresh produce with sanitizers. In this study, the ability of ozone to inactivate Y. enterocolitica inoculated in water and on potato surfaces was evaluated. Furthermore, the efficacy of ozone in reducing natural flora on whole potato was determined. Total aerobic mesophilic and psychrotrophic bacteria, total coliforms, and Listeria monocytogenes were enumerated. Finally, several disinfection kinetic models were considered to predict Y. enterocolitica inactivation with ozone. Treatments with ozone (1.4 and 1.9 ppm) for 1 min decreased the Y. enterocolitica population in water by 4.6 and 6.2 log CFU ml−1, respectively. Furthermore, ozonated water (5 ppm) for 1 min decreased Y. enterocolitica and L. monocytogenes from potato surfaces by 1.6 and 0.8 log CFU g−1, respectively. Therefore, ozone can be an effective treatment for disinfection of wash water and for reduction of potato surface contamination.

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