Smallholders Beef Cattle Commercialization in Southwest Ethiopia

In this study, the beef cattle markets in Southwest Ethiopia are analyzed based on a survey of 172 producers. The first part emphasized the characterization and commercialization of the beef cattle market in the study area. The second part is dedicated to identifying the factors affecting households’ participation in the beef cattle market using the Heckman two-step selection model. In the findings, the beef cattle market is characterized by the dominance of few traders, asymmetric information, lack of contract enforcement, lack of transparency among market actors, and poorly developed market infrastructure. There is very low net commercial off-take rate of cattle for smallholder farmers in the study area. The result from the Heckman two-step selection model revealed that having positive stock of cattle, better access to extension service & feed, and a better level of literacy enhanced market participation and sales volume. On the contrary, market participation and sales volume were negatively affected by cattle keeper’s age, non-livestock income, and poor road and health infrastructure. The study suggested that improving the market and health infrastructure, providing capacity building for producers, and improving access to feed could enhance the intensity of smallholder beef cattle market participation.

The Urbanizing Frontier, Change and Continuity

Uchira, in Kilimanjaro Region, provides an exception to the chapters in this book which record rising prosperity. Uchira’s economy has declined after the cattle market that it hosted collapsed, and as agriculture has become less and less productive. This chapter charts the growth and development of the village, the changes to its development projects and service provision, and the growth in its real estate market as migrants from Moshi seek relatively affordable houses well connected to the town and with good water supplies. The chapter explores two broad-brush aspects of change in Uchira during this period: livelihoods patterns and public and private infrastructure. It provides a contrasting example of persistent disadvantage compared to other chapters in this collection.

Prevalence of Klebsiella Pnuemonia and their In-Vitro Susceptibility Studies among Cattle Traders in Maiduguri Cattle Market, Borno State, Nigeria

This study was undertaken to assess the occurrence of Klebsiella pneumoniae and there in-vitro susceptibility among cattle traders, herdsmen and butchers in Maiduguri cattle market, Borno state, Nigeria. Two hundred and twelve sample (212) sputum samples were collected using wide mouth sterile universal container and transported immediately to Medical Micro-Biology laboratory department, Centre of Excellence, university of Maiduguri teaching hospital (U.M.T.H.) for Laboratory diagnosed. The Sputum samples were culture on MacConkey and Blood agar media and isolated then, identified using Biochemical test which include indole, citrate utilization and urease tests, but only 15 sputum samples were found infected or positive to Klebsiella pneumoniae. And their Antimicrobial susceptibility of the Klebsiella pneumoniae isolate by disc diffusion method shows that Klebsiella pneumoniae are susceptible to these Antimicrobial Drugs: Pefloxacin (93.3%), Tarivid (100%), Sparfloxacin (80%), Ciprofloxacin (93.3%) and on the other hand Klebsiella pneumoniae are resistance to these Antimicobial drugs; Streptomycin (73.3%), Septrin (80%), Augumentin (73.3%), Gentamycin (66.7%), and Amoxacillin (60%). In conclusion, recommendation have been made on how to curtail the spread of infection caused by Klebsiella in the environment, homes, and between patients. Healthcare providers are advice to follow the specific infection-control precautions.

ANALYSIS OF FARMER’S SATISFACTION TO THE SERVICE QUALITY IN BERINGKIT CATTLE MARKET

Beringkit cattle market is the largest cattle market in Bali which is expected to shorten the market chain so that farmers get higher prices. However, only a small proportion of them (6.45%) sell their cattle directly to this market. This study aims to determine the level of farmers satisfaction in marketing of their cattle in the Beringkit cattle market based on five dimensions of service quality include tangibility, reliability, responsiveness, assurance and empathy. The data used are primary data collected through interviews with 100 farmers who sell their cows directly in Beringkit cattle market. The data were analyzed using the Customer Satisfaction Index (CSI) and Importance Performance Analysis (IPA) methods. The results of this study indicate that the farmers are in the satisfied category in marketing of cattle in the Beringkit Market with a CSI of 76.52%. Based on the IPA analysis, it can be seen that most of the service attributes in the Beringkit Market already have high performance. However, there are also some service attributes that are very important for farmers, but their service performance is still low. These attributes in- clude; place to put livestock, convenience of parking space, responsiveness to farmer complaints, a sense of security from the dangers of livestock, and service costs. Thus, it can be concluded that the quality of service in the Beringkit Market is already good, but the quality of service is still very important to improve.

Occurrence of Mixed Infection of Tick-Borne Haemoparasite of Cattle in Selected Abattoirs in Makurdi Metropolis, Benue State, Nigeria

A study on the occurrence of mixed infection of tick-borne haemoparasite of cattle in selected abattoirs in Makurdi Metropolis, Benue State, Nigeria was carried out. Blood sample were collected randomly from a total of 216 cattle slaughtered at abattoir in both dry and wet season at Wurukum abattoir, Wadata abattoir, Modern Market Abattoir, Cattle Market Abattoir North Bank, Cattle Market North Bank and University of Agriculture cattle farm, Makurdi and analyzed using Microscopic method by thin blood film. Horn method was used to determine the age of the examined cattle and the collected data was analyzed using T-test, p values at ≤ was considered statistically significant. The result showed that the rate of infection was seen to increase progressively in cattle of age 6–7 through age 10–11 with the highest prevalence recorded in age 10–11 in dry season and the lowest percentage of infection recorded in age 2–3 and cattle of age 0–1 showed the highest (27(75.00 %)) rate of infection while age 6–7 showed the lowest rate of infection in wet season. But the difference was not statistically significant (p ˂ 0.05). Male cattle recorded a non statistically significant (p ˂ 0.05) higher (53.13 %) occurrence of infection while female recorded a lower occurrence of 50.0 %. The result of mixed infection revealed the occurrence of Bebesia, Anaplasmamaginal, Anaplasma central and Theileria. 100 % of mixed infection of Bebesia&Anaplasmamaginal and Anaplasma central and Anaplasmamaginaloccurred in West African Dwarf cattle and Sokoto gudali respectively. There was no occurrence of mixed infection of Theileria and Anaplasma central across all the examined species of cattle. White Fulani recorded mixed infection of Anaplasma central&Anaplasmamaginal, Bebesia&Anaplasma central and Bebesia&Anaplasmamaginal of 4(30.8 %), 4(30.8 %) and 5(38.5 %) percent respectively.Muturu species did not record any occurrence of mixed infection of tick borne haemoparasite.The result of the study shows that mixed infection of tick-borne haemoparasite infection are very high and common among cattle hence, preferences should be given to inspection of older male cattle and optimal management of all ruminant animals against ticks and tick-borne related infection.

Indigenous Peoples and the Singular Socio-Political Trajectory of the Mbororo in Ngaoui Subdivision (Cameroon)

This study concerns the Mbororo of Ngaoui Sub-division (Cameroon). And for some good reasons: unlike those of Chad, Central African Republic (CAR) or certain regions of Cameroon such as the West, the Far North, the North and the East, where they constitute a vulnerable, dominated and marginalized group, the Mbororo of Ngaoui have succeeded in establishing themselves as a dominant group. This is due to their sedentarization caused by the boom in the cattle market, and accelerated by cross-border crimes in the 1970s. This sedentarization takes place through the diversification of their economic activities, openness to Christianity and access to health and educational infrastructures on one hand, and the relative possession of traditional power and above all, their central position in local politics on the other hand. By relying on the theory of the coloniality of power and empirical data collected in the localities where the Mbororos are highly established and their herds which are Djohong and Ngaoui. This contribution aims at analysing the singular socio-political trajectory of this Fulani fraction which does not respond to the definitional and identifying criteria enshrined in the international and Cameroonian conceptions, which makes them, indigenous, marginal and vulnerable populations respectively.

Reconstructing dynamics of foodborne disease outbreaks in the US cattle market from monitoring data

Conventional empirical studies of foodborne-disease outbreaks (FDOs) in agricultural markets are linear-stochastic formulations hardwiring a world in which markets self-correct in response to external random shocks including FDOs. These formulations were unequipped to establish whether FDOs cause market reaction, or whether markets endogenously propagate outbreaks. We applied nonlinear time series analysis (NLTS) to reconstruct annual dynamics of FDOs in US cattle markets from CDC outbreak data, live cattle futures market prices, and USDA cattle inventories from 1967–2018, and used reconstructed dynamics to detect causality. Reconstructed deterministic nonlinear market dynamics are endogenously unstable—not self-correcting, and cattle inventories drive futures prices and FDOs attributed to beef in temporal patterns linked to a multi-decadal cattle cycle undetected in daily/weekly price movements investigated previously. Benchmarking real-world dynamics with NLTS offers more informative and credible empirical modeling at the convergence of natural and economic sciences.

The influence of disease-inducing agents other than Dermatophilus congolensis on the severity of bovine dermatophilosis

This study was designed to assess the influence of disease-inducing agents other than Dermatophilus congolensis on the incidence of bovine dermatophilosis from cattle farms in Federal University of Agriculture, Abeokuta and Olabisi Onabanjo University, Ogun State and also from Akinyele cattle market in Oyo State. Skin scrapings collected from cattle with typical lesions of dermatophilosis were examined for the presence of bacteria, fungi and ectoparasites. Out of the 57 animals examined with typical skin lesions of dermatophilosis, Dermatophilus congolensis organism was cultured from 23 cases. Other bacterial organisms identified included Staphylococcus aureus (28 cases), Staphylococcus albus (35 cases), Bacillus mycoides (14 cases), Bacillus cereus (1 case), haemolytic Streptococcus (5 cases) Pseudomonas aeruginosa (13 cases), Escherichia coli (16 cases), Proteus spp (4 cases) and Norcardia spp (5 cases). Ticks (mostly Amblyomma variegatum) were seen in all the 57 animals while Demodex bovis, Sarcoptes scabiei var bovis and lice were seen in 15, 4 and 8 cases respectively. It was inferred that secondary bacterial invasions are associated with the pathogenesis and severity of the infection and the presence of ticks and mange mites may serve as the portal of entry for dermatophilosis infection. The control of dermatophilosis should take into account of arthropod vectors and secondary bacterial complications.

Unethical practices relating to cattle freedom, care and control among the market handlers in Ibadan metropolis, Nigeria

Study on some unethical practices affecting cattle among the market handlers was carried out. The three major market centres for cattle in Ibadan city (Akinyele, Bodija and Oranyan) were purposively selected. Eighty (80) structured questionnaires were randomly administered to the respondents in order to elicit information on animal freedom, care and control. Percentage of handlers that believed cattle had no freedom of their own was 51.3. In animal care, 40.0%, 31.3%, 30.0%, 12.5%, 7.5% and 5.0% were of the opinion that cattle could be respectively tired, hungry, sick, heady, injured and being in a strange environment might be the reasons for their refusal to obey the instruction of the handlers. In controlling the cattle for a direction, 85.7%, 10.4% and 3.9% of the handlers used ‘wooden rod’ (Sanda), ‘whip’ and ‘stick’ respectively as the best technique. When an animal did not yield to an instruction to move, 84.0% and 16.0% of the handlers respectively employed dragging and beating as the final option. The study showed that majority of cattle market handlers were inhumane in the freedom, care and control of the animals and therefore, recommends that awareness should be created for a better understanding in animal freedom, care and control.