scholarly journals Isolation, identification, and antimicrobial susceptibility pattern of Campylobacter jejuni and Campylobacter coli from cattle, goat, and chicken meats in Mekelle, Ethiopia

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. e0246755
Author(s):  
Yohans Hagos ◽  
Getachew Gugsa ◽  
Nesibu Awol ◽  
Meselu Ahmed ◽  
Yisehak Tsegaye ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Campylobacter Jejuni ◽  
Antibiotic Susceptibility ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Campylobacter Coli ◽  
Susceptibility Pattern ◽  
Isolation And Identification ◽  
Raw Meat ◽  
Antibiotic Susceptibility Test ◽  
Meat Samples ◽  
Campylobacter Spp

Campylobacter jejuni and Campylobacter coli are globally recognized as a major cause of bacterial foodborne gastroenteritis. A cross-sectional study was conducted from October 2015 to May 2016 in Mekelle city to isolate, identify, and estimate the prevalence of C. jejuni and C. coli in raw meat samples and to determine their antibiotic susceptibility pattern. A total of 384 raw meat samples were randomly collected from bovine (n = 210), goat (n = 108), and chicken (n = 66), and isolation and identification of Campylobacter spp. were performed using standard bacteriological techniques and PCR. Antibiotic susceptibility test was performed using disc diffusion method. Of the total 384 raw meat samples, 64 (16.67%) were found positive for Campylobacter spp. The highest prevalence of Campylobacter spp. was found in chicken meat (43.93%) followed by bovine meat (11.90%) and goat meat (9.25%). The most prevalent Campylobacter spp. isolated from meat samples was C. jejuni (81.25%). The overall prevalence of Campylobacter in restaurants, butcher shops, and abattoir was 43.93%, 18.30%, and 9.30%, respectively. 96.8%, 81.25%, 75%, and 71% of the Campylobacter spp. isolates were sensitive to norfloxacin, erythromycin, chloramphenicol, and sulphamethoxazole-trimethoprim, respectively. However, 96.9%, 85.9%, and 50% of the isolates were resistant to ampicillin, amoxicillin, and streptomycin, respectively. Strains that developed multi-drug resistant were 68.7%. The result of this study revealed the occurrence of Campylobacter in bovine, goat, and chicken meats. Hence, there is a chance of acquiring infection via consumption of raw or undercooked meat. Thus, implementation of hygienic practices from a slaughterhouse to the retailers, proper handling and cooking of foods of meat are very important in preventing Campylobacter infection.

scholarly journals Isolation, Identification and Antibiotic Susceptibility of Escherichia coli Isolated from Raw Meat from Modake and Ile-Ife, Osun State, Nigeria

2021 ◽  
pp. 9-13
Author(s):  
Wilkie Eunice Damilola ◽  
Oluduro Anthonia Olufunke ◽  
Ezeani Chidinma Vivian ◽  
Sotala Toyosi Teniola
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Antibiotic Susceptibility ◽  
Multiple Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Raw Meat ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Antibiotic Susceptibility Test ◽  
Mueller Hinton Agar ◽  
Meat Samples ◽  
High Level

The study reported isolation, identification and antibiotic susceptibility of Escherichia coli isolated from raw meat from Modakeke and Ile-ife, Osun State, Nigeria, with the view to determining the antibiogram profiling of the bacterial isolates.  In this study, five samples of fresh meat were collected from different abattoirs in Ile-Ife and Modakeke, Osun State. Isolates of Escherichia coli were isolated, identified morphologically based on their growth on nutrient agar and subjected to antibiotic susceptibility test on Mueller Hinton agar. The mean microbial load from the meat samples ranged from 8.85 x 102cfu/ml to 5.77 x 104cfu/ml. A total of 69 E. coli isolates were recovered from the meat sampled. All the isolates appeared cream, translucent, entire, convex, circular, smooth and glistering. The isolates were identified as Gram negative rods, non-motile, lactose fermenters, positive for indole test and negative for citrate utilization test. All the E. coli isolates were resistant to augmentin, ceftriazone, nitrofurantoin and gentamycin. 98.55% of E. coli isolated was resistant to amoxillin and the least resistant was recorded in ofloxacin (8.70%). However, 91.30% of the E. coli isolates was sensitive to ofloxacin, 81.16% to ciprofloxacin and 36.23% to pefloxacin while none was sensitive to augmentin, ceftriazone, nitrofurantoin and gentamycin. A total of 19 different multiple antibiotic resistance patterns were observed among the isolates. Thirty isolates (43.48%) showed multiple antibiotic resistance to 5 and 10 different antibiotic types each. The study concluded that occurrence of E. coli infection is high in the study area with high level of multiple antibiotic resistance.

Antibiotic Susceptibility of Salmonella, Campylobacter coli, and Campylobacter jejuni Isolated from Northern German Fattening Pigs

2012 ◽  
Vol 75 (10) ◽  
pp. 1839-1845 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. DÖHNE ◽  
R. MERLE ◽  
A. V. ALTROCK ◽  
K.-H. WALDMANN ◽  
J. VERSPOHL ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Salmonella Typhimurium ◽  
Nalidixic Acid ◽  
Campylobacter Jejuni ◽  
Antibiotic Susceptibility ◽  
Acid Resistance ◽  
Resistance Rate ◽  
Dilution Method ◽  
Campylobacter Coli ◽  
Fattening Pigs ◽  
Campylobacter Spp

This study was conducted to assess the antimicrobial susceptibility rate of Salmonella and Campylobacter spp. isolated from Northern German fattening pigs. From 540 lymph node samples, 16 Salmonella Typhimurium, 1 Salmonella Brandenburg, 37 Campylobacter coli, and 11 Campylobacter jejuni strains were isolated. Antibiotic susceptibility testing was carried out by the broth dilution method. The 14 tested antibiotics for Salmonella were ampicillin, cefotaxime, ceftazidime, chloramphenicol, ciprofloxacin, colistin, florfenicol, gentamicin, kanamycin, nalidixic acid, streptomycin, sulfamethoxazole, tetracycline, and trimethoprim. The eight tested antibiotics for Campylobacter spp. were ampicillin, ampicillin-sulbactam (2:1), ciprofloxacin, erythromycin, gentamicin, nalidixic acid, sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim (1:19), and tetracycline. In total, 93.7% (n = 16) of Salmonella Typhimurium, 75.7% (n = 37) of C. coli, and 54.5% (n = 11) of C. jejuni isolates were resistant to at least one of the tested antibiotics. Multiresistance to three antibiotics was observed in 75% of Salmonella Typhimurium, 16.2% of C. coli, and 0% of C. jejuni isolates. Pansusceptibility was detected in 6.3% of Salmonella Typhimurium, 24.3% of C. coli, and 45.5% of C. jejuni isolates. Multiresistance is defined as resistance to three or more antibiotics, and pansusceptibility is defined as not having resistance to any antibiotic. Regarding drugs of last resort—cefotaxime, ciprofloxacin, and nalidixic acid—resistance was not common among Salmonella (6.3%). The resistance rate of Campylobacter spp. to last-resort drugs—erythromycin, ciprofloxacin, and nalidixic acid—varied between species. The observed trend was not statistically significant. No C. coli isolates and few C. jejuni isolates (9.1%) were resistant to erythromycin. In contrast to C. jejuni, the C. coli isolates were more likely to be resistant to ciprofloxacin (9.1 and 18.9%, respectively) and nalidixic acid (0 and 13.5%, respectively). The same phenomenon was detected for tetracycline (27.3 and 62.2%, respectively), sulfamethoxazole (9.1 and 43.2%, respectively), and ampicillin (9.1 and 21.6%, respectively).

scholarly journals Antibiotic sensitivity pattern in culture positive typhoid fever cases isolated at Patan hospital

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 1450-1452
Author(s):  
Sanjay Kumar Shrestha ◽  
Shova Basnet
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Susceptibility ◽  
Standard Procedure ◽  
Salmonella Typhi ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
National Committee ◽  
Susceptibility Pattern ◽  
Antibiotic Susceptibility Pattern ◽  
Sensitivity Pattern ◽  
Antibiotic Susceptibility Test ◽  
High Degree

Background: Enteric fever is one of the most common systemic infections of developing countries like Nepal. The changing trend of antibiotic susceptibility and increasing rate of resistance to the commonly used antibiotics has been of great concern in the proper treatment and prevention of this disease. This study aims to investigate the current antibiotic susceptibility pattern of Salmonella typhi and paratyphi A and B. Materials and Methods: This study was carried out at Patan hospital of Lalitpur, Nepal from ____ to -------. Blood culture sample were collected from suspected patients presenting to different departments of the hospital and tested microbiologically by standard procedure. Antibiotic susceptibility test was performed by Kirby Bauer Disc Diffusion method and results were interpreted by National Committee for Clinical Laboratory (NCCLS) guidelines. Results: Out of the total sample of 212, 40(18.8%) cases were isolated as Salmonella species. Out of these, 29(72.5%) cases were S typhi and 11(27.5%) were S paratyphi. Isolates were mainly from adult age group. Regarding the antibiotic susceptibility pattern, the sensitivity to chloramphenicol was 95% and to cotrimoxazole 97% whereas the sensitivity to ciprofloxacin was 52.5% and 27.5% for Ofloxacin. Nalidixic Acid Resistance Salmonella typhi strain was 60.0 percent. Sensitivity to ceftriaxone, meropenem and colistin was found to be 100 percent. Conclusions: A high degree of variability is seen in antimicrobial sensitivity pattern with very high degree of sensitivity to the historically used antibiotics like chloramphenicol and cotrimoxazole. Unfortunately, sensitivity to quinolones was seen to be very low, which were used widely in the last two decades.

scholarly journals ISOLATION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF MULTIDRUG RESISTANT SALMONELLA SPECIES FROM ABATTOIR WASTEWATER IN ABIA STATE, NIGERIA

2021 ◽  
pp. e262
Author(s):  
Kelechi Edward ◽  
V.I. Ibekwe ◽  
E.S. Amadi ◽  
S.I. Umeh
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Susceptibility ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Multiple Drug ◽  
Salmonella Spp ◽  
Isolation And Identification ◽  
Disk Diffusion Method ◽  
Isolation And Characterization ◽  
Antibiotic Susceptibility Test ◽  
Zoonotic Bacteria

Over the years, zoonotic bacteria of the genus Salmonella, have acquired antimicrobial resistance properties, with a wide variety of resistance genes and resistance-mediating mutations being identified. This study isolated and characterized multiple drug resistant Salmonella species isolated from abattoir wastewaters in Abia State, Nigeria. Seven hundred wastewater samples from three abattoirs: Aba (300), Ubakala (250) and Lokpa (150) samples were analyzed from 2016 to 2019. Standard microbiological procedures were followed in isolation and identification of the Salmonella spp isolates. The antibiotic susceptibility test was done using the Kirby Bauer disk diffusion method. The results showed moderate but significant prevalence of Salmonella spp in the three abattoir locations; 135(45.0%) from Aba, 108 (43.2%) from Ubakala and 74 (49.3%) from Lokpa. The antibiotic susceptibility pattern of the Salmonella spp isolates show that the organisms were highly susceptible to Ofloxacin (84.4% in Aba, 89.8% in Ubakala and 82.4% in Lokpa) and highly resistant to Ampicillin (97.0% in Aba, 91.7% in Ubakala and 98.6% in Lokpa). Most isolates recorded Multiple Antibiotic Resistance (MAR) index greater than (>0.2). This result emphasizes the urgent need for regulation in the use of antibiotics in man and animals and their subsequent disposal into the environment.

Antimicrobial Susceptibility Pattern of Staphylococcus Species from Clinical Samples

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhammad Ali
Keyword(s):  
Clavulanic Acid ◽  
Antibiotic Susceptibility ◽  
Vaginal Swab ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Clinical Samples ◽  
Susceptibility Pattern ◽  
Mannitol Salt Agar ◽  
Agar Disc ◽  
Microbiological Methods ◽  
Amoxicillin Clavulanic Acid

The research was aimed to evaluate the antibiotic susceptibility pattern of Staphylococcus species from clinical samples obtained from some hospitals in Kano metropolis, Nigeria. The ear swab, high vaginal swab (HVS), wound swab and urine samples from the patients attending the hospitals were collected and inoculated onto the surface of freshly prepared Nutrient agar for bacterial isolation. The bacteria isolated were identified by conventional microbiological methods namely; Gram staining, biochemical test (such as catalase, coagulase, and DNase test), mannitol salt agar and heamolysis test. The isolates were subjected to antibiotic susceptibility testing using the agar disc diffusion method. The result showed that S. aureus was highly susceptible to Ciprofloxacin 105 (68.63%), Gentamicin 102 (66.67%), Levofloxacin 95 (62.08%) and Amikacin 90 (58.82%), S. epidermidis was highly susceptible to Gentamicin 13 (61.90%), Levofloxacin 12 (57.14%) and Nitrofurantoin 11 (52.38%) while S. saprophyticus was highly susceptible to Cefoxitin 7 (77.78%), Gentamicin 6 (66.67%) and Nitrofurantoin 5 (55.56%). On the other hand, S. aureus was highly resistant to Cefuroxime 153 (100%), Ceftazidime 150 (98.04%), Amoxicillin/clavulanic acid 120 (78.43%) and Cloxacillin 111 (72.55%), S. epidermidis was highly resistant to Ceftazidime 20 (95.24%), Cloxacillin 19 (90.48%) then Cefoxitin, Erythromycin and Amoxicillin/clavulanic acid with 15 (71.43%) both. S. saprophyticus was highly resistant to Cefepime 9 (100%), Cloxacillin 8 (88.89%), Ceftazidime 7 (77.78%), Imipenem and Erythromycin with 6 (66.67%) respectively. There is a statistical difference in the sensitivity of the isolates against the antibiotics used at p<0.05. It is concluded that Staphylococcus species develop resistance to some classes of antibiotics.

Prevalence and Antimicrobial Resistance of Campylobacter spp. Isolated from Poultry Carcasses in Poland

2013 ◽  
Vol 76 (8) ◽  
pp. 1451-1455 ◽  
Author(s):  
KINGA WIECZOREK ◽  
IWONA KANIA ◽  
JACEK OSEK
Keyword(s):  
Campylobacter Jejuni ◽  
23S Rrna ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Campylobacter Coli ◽  
Genetic Determinants ◽  
Gyra Gene ◽  
23S Rrna Gene ◽  
Pcr Method ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Campylobacter Spp

The purpose of the present study was to determine the prevalence of Campylobacter in poultry carcasses at slaughter in Poland. For the isolated strains, resistance to selected antibiotics and the associated genetic determinants were identified. A total of 498 Campylobacter isolates were obtained from 802 poultry samples during the 2-year study period. Strains were identified to species with the PCR method; 53.6% of the strains were Campylobacter jejuni and 46.4% were Campylobacter coli. A high percentage of the tested Campylobacter strains were resistant to ciprofloxacin and nalidixic acid (74.1 and 73.5%, respectively) followed by tetracycline (47.4%) and streptomycin (20.5%). Only one C. jejuni and two C. coli isolates were resistant to gentamicin. Seventy-nine (15.9%) of the 498 strains were resistant to three or more classes of antibiotics examined. Higher levels of resistance, irrespective of the antimicrobial agent tested, were found within the C. coli group. Almost all strains resistant to quinolones (99.5%) and to tetracycline (99.6%) carried the Thr-86-to-Ile mutation in the gyrA gene and possessed the tet(O) marker, respectively. All isolates resistant to erythromycin had the A2075G mutation in the 23S rRNA gene. These results reveal that poultry carcasses in Poland are a reservoir of potentially pathogenic and antimicrobial-resistant Campylobacter strains for humans, which may pose a public health risk.

Prevalence, Antibiogram, and cdt Genes of Toxigenic Campylobacter jejuni in Salad Style Vegetables (Ulam) at Farms and Retail Outlets in Terengganu

2015 ◽  
Vol 78 (1) ◽  
pp. 65-71 ◽  
Author(s):  
MOHD IKHSAN KHALID ◽  
JOHN YEW HUAT TANG ◽  
NABILA HUDA BAHARUDDIN ◽  
NASIHA SHAKINA RAHMAN ◽  
NURUL FAIZZAH RAHIMI ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Multiplex Pcr ◽  
Campylobacter Jejuni ◽  
Antibiotic Susceptibility ◽  
Penicillin G ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Cytolethal Distending Toxin ◽  
Disk Diffusion Method ◽  
Retail Outlets ◽  
Pcr Method

The present study was conducted to investigate the prevalence and antibiotic resistance among Campylobacter jejuni in ulam at farms and retail outlets located in Kuala Terengganu, Malaysia. A total of 526 samples (ulam, soil, and fertilizer) were investigated for the presence of C. jejuni and the gene for cytolethal distending toxin (cdt) by using a multiplex PCR method. Antibiotic susceptibility to 10 types of antibiotics was determined using the disk diffusion method for 33 C. jejuni isolates. The average prevalence of contaminated samples from farms, wet markets, and supermarkets was 35.29, 52.66, and 69.88%, respectively. The cdt gene was not detected in 24 of the 33 C. jejuni isolates, but 9 isolates harbored cdtC. Antibiotic resistance in C. jejuni isolates was highest to penicillin G (96.97% of isolates) followed by vancomycin (87.88%), ampicillin (75.76%), erythromycin (60.61%), tetracycline (9.09%), amikacin (6.06%), and norfloxacin (3.03%); none of the isolates were resistant to ciprofloxacin, enrofloxacin, and gentamicin. In this study, C. jejuni was present in ulam, and some isolates were highly resistant to some antibiotics but not to quinolones. Thus, appropriate attention and measures are required to prevent C. jejuni contamination on farms and at retail outlets.

Epidemiology, risk factors and antimicrobial resistance of Escherichia coli bacteremia

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (Number 2) ◽  
pp. 58-67
Author(s):  
Mahjuba Umme Salam ◽  
Selina Yasmin ◽  
Md. Rashedul Haque ◽  
Sharmin Ahmed ◽  
Shahidul Alam ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Antibiotic Susceptibility ◽  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Blood Stream Infection ◽  
Incidence Rates ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Antibiotic Susceptibility Test ◽  
Multiple Drugs

Background: Escherichia coli is a common causative of blood stream infection having potentials to produce significant morbidity and mortality. This organism also has the ability to develop resistance against antimicrobial agents. Knowing its epidemiology, risk factors and antimicrobial resistance patterns can help preventing and managing bacteremia caused by this organism. Materials and methods: This was across sectional observational study carried out from February 2017 to February 2018 on 64 blood culture positive Escherichia coli infected patients admitted in Medicine inpatient of a medical college hospital. Age, sex, mode of acquisition of infection, history of prior empiric antibiotic treatment, duration of hospital stay, development of complication were observed and noted. Antibiotic susceptibility test for all isolates was performed by Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion method. Predesigned semi-structured data collection from was used and collected data were analyzed manually and expressed in descriptive statistical terms. Results: Of the 64 enrolled patients, 47(73.43%) were female. Average age of affection was 53.48±20.65 years and increased incidence rates (51.56%) was observed at age >60 years. Infection was communityacquired in 35.84% cases and urinary tract infection was the most frequent (46.3) risk factor. More than eighty seven percent of samples showed resistance to at least one antimicrobial agent and resistance to multiple drugs was associated with complications. Conclusion: Escherichia coli bacteremia has high incidence rates for antimicrobial resistance and mortality. Continuous surveillance and antibiotic susceptibility pattern monitoring is essential to develop regional antibiotic therapy protocols.

scholarly journals Neonatal septicemia and current scenario of antibiotic sensitivity pattern – A study of blood culture isolates in a tertiary care hospital, Rajkot

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 222-226
Author(s):  
Madhulika Mistry ◽  
Arpita Bhattacharya ◽  
Twinkle Kumar Parmar
Keyword(s):  
Neonatal Sepsis ◽  
Antibiotic Susceptibility ◽  
Antibiotic Sensitivity ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Susceptibility Pattern ◽  
Gram Positive ◽  
Antibiotic Susceptibility Pattern ◽  
Neonatal Septicemia ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Current Scenario

Neonatal sepsis is one of the leading causes of neonatal mortality in developing countries. Neonatal sepsis can be classified into two subtypes depending upon onset of symptoms- before 72 hours of life (early-onset neonatal sepsis—EONS) or later (late-onset neonatal sepsis—LONS). Bacteriological profile and antibiotic susceptibility pattern in neonatal septicemia are changing time-to-time and place-to-place. This study is aimed to know the current scenario of neonatal septicemia and antibiotic susceptibility pattern for determining effective treatment, hence reducing burden of antibiotic resistance.This is a Retrospective study. Data was collected from Bacteriology lab, PDUMC Rajkot (May 2020 – May 2021). Blood cultures were performed on suspected neonates. Both BACTEC and conventional methods were used. Organisms were isolated by standard microbiological protocols and antibiotic sensitivity was performed by Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion method as per CLSI- 2020/2021 guidelines. Total 1402 samples were screened. 326 were positive (23.25%). 214(65.64%) were male and 112(34.36%) were female. CONS (32.21%) was found to be the predominant pathogen followed by Klebsiella (19.63%), Staphylococcus aureus (18.10%), E. coli (15.95%), Acinetobacter (12.27%) and Enterococcus spp. (1.84%). EONS was seen in 195(59.82%) cases and LONS was seen in 131(40.18%) cases. Gram-negative bacteria are predominant in EONS (76.28%) and gram-positive bacteria is predominant in LONS (64.12%). Gram negative isolates are mostly susceptible to Meropenem, Piperacillin-tazobactam, Cefepime, Ceftazidime. Gram positive isolates mostly showed sensitivity to Vancomycin, Linezolid.Multi-drug resistant organism are emerging in neonatal septicemia. Strict antibiotic stewardship should be practiced to avoid the upcoming treatment difficulties.

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