Antibiotic Susceptibility of Salmonella, Campylobacter coli, and Campylobacter jejuni Isolated from Northern German Fattening Pigs

2012 ◽  
Vol 75 (10) ◽  
pp. 1839-1845 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. DÖHNE ◽  
R. MERLE ◽  
A. V. ALTROCK ◽  
K.-H. WALDMANN ◽  
J. VERSPOHL ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Salmonella Typhimurium ◽  
Nalidixic Acid ◽  
Campylobacter Jejuni ◽  
Antibiotic Susceptibility ◽  
Acid Resistance ◽  
Resistance Rate ◽  
Dilution Method ◽  
Campylobacter Coli ◽  
Fattening Pigs ◽  
Campylobacter Spp

This study was conducted to assess the antimicrobial susceptibility rate of Salmonella and Campylobacter spp. isolated from Northern German fattening pigs. From 540 lymph node samples, 16 Salmonella Typhimurium, 1 Salmonella Brandenburg, 37 Campylobacter coli, and 11 Campylobacter jejuni strains were isolated. Antibiotic susceptibility testing was carried out by the broth dilution method. The 14 tested antibiotics for Salmonella were ampicillin, cefotaxime, ceftazidime, chloramphenicol, ciprofloxacin, colistin, florfenicol, gentamicin, kanamycin, nalidixic acid, streptomycin, sulfamethoxazole, tetracycline, and trimethoprim. The eight tested antibiotics for Campylobacter spp. were ampicillin, ampicillin-sulbactam (2:1), ciprofloxacin, erythromycin, gentamicin, nalidixic acid, sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim (1:19), and tetracycline. In total, 93.7% (n = 16) of Salmonella Typhimurium, 75.7% (n = 37) of C. coli, and 54.5% (n = 11) of C. jejuni isolates were resistant to at least one of the tested antibiotics. Multiresistance to three antibiotics was observed in 75% of Salmonella Typhimurium, 16.2% of C. coli, and 0% of C. jejuni isolates. Pansusceptibility was detected in 6.3% of Salmonella Typhimurium, 24.3% of C. coli, and 45.5% of C. jejuni isolates. Multiresistance is defined as resistance to three or more antibiotics, and pansusceptibility is defined as not having resistance to any antibiotic. Regarding drugs of last resort—cefotaxime, ciprofloxacin, and nalidixic acid—resistance was not common among Salmonella (6.3%). The resistance rate of Campylobacter spp. to last-resort drugs—erythromycin, ciprofloxacin, and nalidixic acid—varied between species. The observed trend was not statistically significant. No C. coli isolates and few C. jejuni isolates (9.1%) were resistant to erythromycin. In contrast to C. jejuni, the C. coli isolates were more likely to be resistant to ciprofloxacin (9.1 and 18.9%, respectively) and nalidixic acid (0 and 13.5%, respectively). The same phenomenon was detected for tetracycline (27.3 and 62.2%, respectively), sulfamethoxazole (9.1 and 43.2%, respectively), and ampicillin (9.1 and 21.6%, respectively).

Antibiotic Resistance of Campylobacter jejuni and Campylobacter coli Isolated from Hog, Beef, and Chicken Carcass Samples from Provincially Inspected Abattoirs in Ontario

2006 ◽  
Vol 69 (1) ◽  
pp. 22-26 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. LARKIN ◽  
C. van DONKERSGOED ◽  
A. MAHDI ◽  
P. JOHNSON ◽  
B. McNAB ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Nalidixic Acid ◽  
Campylobacter Jejuni ◽  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
The United States ◽  
Dilution Method ◽  
Agar Dilution Method ◽  
Campylobacter Coli ◽  
Resistance Patterns ◽  
Campylobacter Spp

Campylobacter jejuni is one of the most common causes of bacterial foodborne infection in the United States, and there are reports of resistance of Campylobacter spp. to antimicrobial agents used for the treatment of gastroenteritis. The purpose of this study was to determine the antimicrobial resistance patterns of Campylobacter spp. isolated from hog, beef, and chicken carcasses from provincially inspected abattoirs in Ontario. The agar dilution method was performed to measure antimicrobial resistance of the isolates. Antimicrobial resistance of Campylobacter isolates from hogs (n = 401), beef (n = 21), and chicken (n = 435) to ampicillin, azithromycin, chloramphenicol, ciprofloxacin, clindamycin, erythromycin, gentamicin, nalidixic acid, streptomycin, and tetracycline was determined. Resistance of chicken, hog, and beef isolates was 14.3, 18.2, and 9.5% to ampicillin; 17.9, 67.3, and 38.1% to azithromycin; 0, 0.5, and 0% to chloramphenicol; 3.7, 1.2, and 0% to ciprofloxacin; 2.3, 46.6, and 4.8% to clindamycin; 6.7, 43.6, and 4.8% to erythromycin; 0.2, 0, and 0% to gentamicin; 5.1, 10.7, and 0% to nalidixic acid; 13.6, 57.4, and 4.8% to streptomycin; and 52.6, 44.1, 42.9% to tetracycline, respectively. The hog isolates had the greatest resistance to seven of the ten antimicrobials tested. Results of this study confirm the existence of antimicrobial resistance of Campylobacter to various antimicrobial agents, especially ciprofloxacin and erythromycin, commonly used for treatment of campylobacteriosis in humans.

scholarly journals Isolation, identification, and antimicrobial susceptibility pattern of Campylobacter jejuni and Campylobacter coli from cattle, goat, and chicken meats in Mekelle, Ethiopia

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. e0246755
Author(s):  
Yohans Hagos ◽  
Getachew Gugsa ◽  
Nesibu Awol ◽  
Meselu Ahmed ◽  
Yisehak Tsegaye ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Campylobacter Jejuni ◽  
Antibiotic Susceptibility ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Campylobacter Coli ◽  
Susceptibility Pattern ◽  
Isolation And Identification ◽  
Raw Meat ◽  
Antibiotic Susceptibility Test ◽  
Meat Samples ◽  
Campylobacter Spp

Campylobacter jejuni and Campylobacter coli are globally recognized as a major cause of bacterial foodborne gastroenteritis. A cross-sectional study was conducted from October 2015 to May 2016 in Mekelle city to isolate, identify, and estimate the prevalence of C. jejuni and C. coli in raw meat samples and to determine their antibiotic susceptibility pattern. A total of 384 raw meat samples were randomly collected from bovine (n = 210), goat (n = 108), and chicken (n = 66), and isolation and identification of Campylobacter spp. were performed using standard bacteriological techniques and PCR. Antibiotic susceptibility test was performed using disc diffusion method. Of the total 384 raw meat samples, 64 (16.67%) were found positive for Campylobacter spp. The highest prevalence of Campylobacter spp. was found in chicken meat (43.93%) followed by bovine meat (11.90%) and goat meat (9.25%). The most prevalent Campylobacter spp. isolated from meat samples was C. jejuni (81.25%). The overall prevalence of Campylobacter in restaurants, butcher shops, and abattoir was 43.93%, 18.30%, and 9.30%, respectively. 96.8%, 81.25%, 75%, and 71% of the Campylobacter spp. isolates were sensitive to norfloxacin, erythromycin, chloramphenicol, and sulphamethoxazole-trimethoprim, respectively. However, 96.9%, 85.9%, and 50% of the isolates were resistant to ampicillin, amoxicillin, and streptomycin, respectively. Strains that developed multi-drug resistant were 68.7%. The result of this study revealed the occurrence of Campylobacter in bovine, goat, and chicken meats. Hence, there is a chance of acquiring infection via consumption of raw or undercooked meat. Thus, implementation of hygienic practices from a slaughterhouse to the retailers, proper handling and cooking of foods of meat are very important in preventing Campylobacter infection.

scholarly journals Susceptibility to patterns of ciprofloxacin among nalidixic acid-resistant Salmonella isolates collected in Banepa, Nepal from enteric fever patients

2016 ◽  
Vol 89 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Girija Roka ◽  
Subash Pandaya ◽  
Md. Reyad-ul Ferdous ◽  
Manson Pandey ◽  
Naba Raj Pokhrel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nalidixic Acid ◽  
Salmonella Enterica ◽  
Enteric Fever ◽  
Inhibitory Concentration ◽  
Acid Resistance ◽  
Dilution Method ◽  
Disc Diffusion ◽  
Antimicrobial Sensitivity ◽  
Broth Dilution ◽  
Nalidixic Acid Resistance

The present study determined the susceptibility to ciprofloxacin of nalidixic acid resistant <em>Salmonella</em> (NARS) isolated from enteric fever patients at Scheer Memorial Hospital, Banepa, Nepal, from June 2012 to December 2012. The antimicrobial sensitivity to nalidixic acid and ciprofloxacin was determined using modified Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion and broth dilution method according to the guidelines of the Clinical and Laboratory Standard Institute. <em>Salmonella</em> was isolated from 34 out of 992 (3.43%) blood cultures collected during the study period, and 10 (29.4%) isolates were identified as <em>Salmonella enterica</em> serotype Typhi, while 24 (70.6%) were identified as <em>Salmonella enterica</em> serotype Paratyphi. Out of the total isolates, 31 (91.2%) were nalidixic acid-resistant <em>Salmonella</em> (NARS). Among NARS, the minimum inhibitory concentration values for ciprofloxacin ranged from 0.25 to 2 mg/L and were constantly higher than those shown by the nalidixic acid-susceptible <em>Salmonella</em>. Therefore, in typhoid <em>Salmonella</em> nalidixic acid resistance may be the indicator of decreased susceptibility to ciprofloxacin.

Prevalence and Antimicrobial Resistance of Campylobacter spp. Isolated from Poultry Carcasses in Poland

2013 ◽  
Vol 76 (8) ◽  
pp. 1451-1455 ◽  
Author(s):  
KINGA WIECZOREK ◽  
IWONA KANIA ◽  
JACEK OSEK
Keyword(s):  
Campylobacter Jejuni ◽  
23S Rrna ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Campylobacter Coli ◽  
Genetic Determinants ◽  
Gyra Gene ◽  
23S Rrna Gene ◽  
Pcr Method ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Campylobacter Spp

The purpose of the present study was to determine the prevalence of Campylobacter in poultry carcasses at slaughter in Poland. For the isolated strains, resistance to selected antibiotics and the associated genetic determinants were identified. A total of 498 Campylobacter isolates were obtained from 802 poultry samples during the 2-year study period. Strains were identified to species with the PCR method; 53.6% of the strains were Campylobacter jejuni and 46.4% were Campylobacter coli. A high percentage of the tested Campylobacter strains were resistant to ciprofloxacin and nalidixic acid (74.1 and 73.5%, respectively) followed by tetracycline (47.4%) and streptomycin (20.5%). Only one C. jejuni and two C. coli isolates were resistant to gentamicin. Seventy-nine (15.9%) of the 498 strains were resistant to three or more classes of antibiotics examined. Higher levels of resistance, irrespective of the antimicrobial agent tested, were found within the C. coli group. Almost all strains resistant to quinolones (99.5%) and to tetracycline (99.6%) carried the Thr-86-to-Ile mutation in the gyrA gene and possessed the tet(O) marker, respectively. All isolates resistant to erythromycin had the A2075G mutation in the 23S rRNA gene. These results reveal that poultry carcasses in Poland are a reservoir of potentially pathogenic and antimicrobial-resistant Campylobacter strains for humans, which may pose a public health risk.

scholarly journals Multiplex PCR Assay for Identifi cation and Differentiation of Campylobacter jejuni and Campylobacter coli Isolates

Folia Medica ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 58 (2) ◽  
pp. 95-100 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria R. Pavlova ◽  
Elina G. Dobreva ◽  
Katucha I. Ivanova ◽  
Galina D. Asseva ◽  
Ivan N. Ivanov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Multiplex Pcr ◽  
Campylobacter Jejuni ◽  
Accurate Method ◽  
Clinical Isolates ◽  
Campylobacter Coli ◽  
Pcr Assay ◽  
Biochemical Tests ◽  
Multiplex Pcr Assay ◽  
Hydrolysis Of ◽  
Campylobacter Spp

AbstractIntroduction: Campylobacter spp. are important causative agents of gastrointestinal infections in humans. The most frequently isolated strains of this bacterial genus are Campylobacter jejuni and Campylobacter coli. To date, genetic methods for bacterial identification have not been used in Bulgaria. We optimized the multiplex PSR assay to identify Campylobacter spp. and differentiate C. jejuni from C. coli in clinical isolates. We also compared this method with the routinely used biochemical methods.Aim: To identify Campylobacter spp. and discriminate C. coli from C. jejuni in clinical isolates using multiplex PCR assay.Materials and methods: Between February 2014 and January 2015 we studied 93 stool samples taken from patients with diarrheal syndrome and identified 40 species of Campylobacter spp. in them. The clinical material was cultured in microaerophilic atmosphere, the isolated strains being biochemically diff erentiated (hydrolysis of sodium hippurate for C. jejuni, and hydrolysis of indoxyl acetate for C. coli). DNA was isolated from the strains using QiaAmp MiniKit (QIAGEN, Germany). Twenty strains were tested with multiplex PCR for the presence of these genes: cadF, characteristic for Campylobacter spp., hipO for C. jejuni and asp for C. coli.Results and discussion: The biochemical tests identified 16 strains of C. jejuni, 3 strains of C. coli, and 1 strain of C. upsaliensis. After the multiplex PCR assay the capillary gel electrophoresis confirmed 16 strains of C. jejuni, 2 strains of C. coli and 2 strains of Campylobacter spp. - because of the presence of the gene cadF. C. jejuni has the gene hipO, and it is possible that this gene may not be expressed in the biochemical differentiation yielding a negative reaction as a result. In comparison, we can conclude that the genetic differentiation is a more accurate method than the biochemical tests.Conclusion: The multiplex PCR assay is a fast, accurate method for identifi cation of Campylobacter spp. which makes it quite necessary in the clinical diagnostic practice.

Detection of Campylobacter jejuni and Campylobacter coli from Broiler Chicken–Related Samples Using BAX PCR and Conventional International Organization for Standardization Culture

2008 ◽  
Vol 71 (4) ◽  
pp. 835-838 ◽  
Author(s):  
LISA K. WILLIAMS ◽  
ALISDAIR MCMEECHAN ◽  
TAMSIN BAALHAM ◽  
LAURA WARD ◽  
TOM J. HUMPHREY ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Campylobacter Jejuni ◽  
Broiler Chicken ◽  
Culture Method ◽  
International Organization ◽  
Campylobacter Coli ◽  
Poultry Production ◽  
Production Chain ◽  
Enrichment Cultures ◽  
International Organization For Standardization ◽  
Campylobacter Spp

In this study, the conventional International Organization for Standardization (ISO) culture method was compared with the DuPont Qualicon BAX system, a high-throughput, rapid molecular assay that can be used to detect several bacterial species, including Campylobacter jejuni and Campylobacter coli in diverse sample types. Standard enrichment culture is a time-consuming process, taking up to 6 days to obtain a confirmed result. Rapid molecular assays have been developed that provide results within 24 h. Naturally contaminated samples from the poultry production chain were examined for the presence of Campylobacter spp. Samples from broiler chicken ceca (n = 100), fresh chicken carcass rinses (n = 60), and bootsocks (gauze sock walked through a broiler chicken house; n = 50) were enriched according to the ISO 10272 method in Bolton broth specifically designed to detect Campylobacter spp. in complex sample types. Samples were enriched without blood for use with the BAX system using the Campylobacter BAX kits for the detection of C. jejuni and C. coli. Samples also were directly plated onto modified charcoal cefperazone deoxycholate agar, and results were compared with those from the enriched samples for the ability to detect Campylobacter spp. Campylobacter spp. were isolated from 49% of samples with conventional enrichment cultures, from 48% with direct culture, from 68% with the BAX system and enrichment cultures, and from 62% with the BAX system used directly with samples. Overall, the BAX system detected more positive samples than did the conventional culture method and is an effective methodology for the rapid and reliable detection of Campylobacter spp. from diverse sample types.

Prevalence of putative virulence markers inCampylobacter jejuniandCampylobacter coliisolated from hospitalized children, raw chicken, and raw beef in Tehran, Iran

2011 ◽  
Vol 57 (2) ◽  
pp. 143-148 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammad Hamidian ◽  
Maryam Sanaei ◽  
Mehdi Bolfion ◽  
Hossein Dabiri ◽  
Mohammad-Reza Zali ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Campylobacter Jejuni ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Campylobacter Coli ◽  
Hospitalized Children ◽  
Unequal Distribution ◽  
Exact Test ◽  
Virulence Markers ◽  
Dnaj Gene ◽  
Different Origins ◽  
Campylobacter Spp

The incidence of the virulence-associated genes cdtA, cdtB, cdtC, cadF, dnaJ, racR, and pldA has been investigated in Campylobacter jejuni and Campylobacter coli collected from raw chicken and beef from retailers in Tehran, Iran, and from hospitalized children (age, ≤14 years) suffering from diarrhea. Campylobacter spp. were collectively identified by morphological and biochemical methods. Campylobacter jejuni and C. coli were discriminated from other Campylobacter spp. by amplification of a specific conserved fragment of the 16S rRNA gene. The distinction between C. jejuni and C. coli was subsequently made by molecular determination of the presence of the hipO gene in C. jejuni or the ask gene in C. coli. Fragments of the studied virulence-associated genes, cdtA, cdtB, cdtC, cadF, racR, dnaJ, and pldA, were amplified by PCR and subjected to horizontal gel electrophoresis. A total of 71 isolates of C. jejuni and 24 isolates of C. coli from meat were analyzed, while the numbers of isolates from the hospitalized children were 28 and 9, respectively. The unequal distribution of C. jejuni and C. coli in the samples has also been reported in other studies. Statistical analyses by the use of the two-tailed Fisher’s exact test of the occurrence of the virulence genes in the isolates of different origins showed that the occurrence of the dnaJ gene was consistently significantly higher in all C. jejuni isolates than in C. coli. The occurrence of the other virulence markers did not differ significantly between species in the majority of the isolates. The PCR results also showed that the occurrence of the virulence markers in the analyzed isolates was much lower than in other studies, which may be caused by a divergent genomic pool of our isolates in comparison with others.

Enrichment Broth for the Detection of Campylobacter jejuni and Campylobacter coli in Fresh Produce and Poultry

2017 ◽  
Vol 80 (11) ◽  
pp. 1842-1850 ◽  
Author(s):  
Youmi Jo ◽  
Hye-Min Oh ◽  
Yohan Yoon ◽  
Sun-Young Lee ◽  
Ji-Hyoung Ha ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Campylobacter Jejuni ◽  
Fresh Produce ◽  
International Organization ◽  
Natural Food ◽  
Campylobacter Coli ◽  
Standardization Method ◽  
Potassium Tellurite ◽  
Enrichment Broth ◽  
International Organization For Standardization ◽  
Campylobacter Spp

ABSTRACT Although campylobacteriosis caused by Campylobacter jejuni and Campylobacter coli has been increasingly reported worldwide owing to the consumption of contaminated poultry and fresh produce, the current detection protocols are not selective enough to inhibit unspecific microbes other than these pathogens. Five antibiotics were separately added to Bolton broth, and the survival rates of 18 Campylobacter spp. and 79 non-Campylobacter spp. were evaluated. The survival rate of the non-Campylobacter spp. was the lowest in Bolton broth with rifampin (6.3%), followed by cefsulodin (12.7%), novobiocin (16.5%), and potassium tellurite and sulfamethozaxole (both 17.7%). Also the most effective concentration of rifampin was found to be 12.5 mg/L, which markedly inhibited non-Campylobacter strains while not affecting the survival of Campylobacter strains. After the Campylobacter spp. were enriched in Bolton broth supplemented with 12.5 mg/L rifampin (R-Bolton broth), CampyFood Agar (CFA) was found to be better in selectively isolating the pathogens in the enrichment broth than the International Organization for Standardization method of using modified charcoal cefoperazone deoxycholate agar (mCCDA) for this step. When applied to natural food samples—here, romaine lettuce, pepper, cherry tomato, Korean leek, and chicken—the R-Bolton broth–CFA combination decreased the number of false-positive results by 50.0, 4.2, 20.8, 50.0, and 94.4%, respectively, compared with the International Organization for Standardization method (Bolton broth–mCCDA combination). These results demonstrate that the combination of R-Bolton broth and CFA is more efficient in detecting C. jejuni and C. coli in poultry and fresh produce and thus should replace the Bolton broth–mCCDA combination.

Current Fluoroquinolone Susceptibility Criteria for Salmonella Needs Re-evaluation

2012 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 66-71 ◽  
Author(s):  
D Acharya ◽  
S Malla ◽  
DR Bhatta ◽  
N Adhikari ◽  
SP Dumre
Keyword(s):  
Nalidixic Acid ◽  
Enteric Fever ◽  
Susceptibility Testing ◽  
Break Point ◽  
Resistance Rate ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Dilution Method ◽  
Agar Dilution Method ◽  
Disc Diffusion ◽  
Zone Diameter

Background Disc diffusion technique is the routine susceptibility testing procedure for isolates of enteric fever, the most common clinical diagnosis among febrile patients in Nepal. Objective To evaluated the current fluoroquinolones (FQs) susceptibility criteria and nalidixic acid screening test in Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi and Paratyphi A. Methods S. Typhi and Paratyphi A strains isolated from 443 suspected enteric fever patients visiting National Public Health Laboratory (NPHL) during April through October 2008 were analyzed. All isolates were confirmed by standard microbiological procedures including serotyping. Antibiotic susceptibility testing was performed by using Kirby Bauer disc diffusion method and Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) approved interpretive criteria. Agar dilution method was used to determine Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) of ciprofloxacin, ofloxacin and nalidixic acid. Result Out of 41 Salmonella isolates, 80.49% were nalidixic acid resistant, with S. Paratyphi A showing higher resistance rate (88.23%) compared to S. Typhi (75%). The difference in both MIC and zone diameter in nalidixic acid susceptible and nalidixic acid resistant isolates was found to be significant (P < 0.001) and decreased susceptibility to FQs was strongly correlated (sensitivity and specificity of 100%) with resistance to nalidixic acid. Regression analysis of MIC against zone diameter based on the current CLSI recommended guidelines suggests that accommodation of current susceptible and resistant MIC requires increase in the zone diameter of ciprofloxacin and ofloxacin. Conclusion Before using these drugs for management of enteric fever, appropriate identification of Salmonella isolates with reduced susceptibility to FQs is essential to limit the possible treatment failure and development of highly resistant strains. The current FQs susceptibility break point criteria for Salmonella need re-evaluation. KATHMANDU UNIVERSITY MEDICAL JOURNAL  VOL.10 | NO. 1 | ISSUE 37 | JAN - MAR 2012 | 24-29DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/kumj.v10i1.6909

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document