scholarly journals Effects of insertion torque on the structure of dental implants with different connections: Experimental pilot study in vitro

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (5) ◽  
pp. e0251904
Author(s):  
Sergio Alexandre Gehrke ◽  
Gismari Miranda Amaral Pereira ◽  
Arthur Felipe Gehrke ◽  
Nilton De Bortoli Junior ◽  
Berenice Anina Dedavid
Keyword(s):  
Dental Implants ◽  
Mechanical Damage ◽  
Insertion Torque ◽  
Maximum Torque ◽  
Turning Angle ◽  
Applied Torque ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Torque Values ◽  
Different Diameters

Objective During the insertion of dental implants in the bone tissue, different torque values can be applied. However, the high applied torque can cause damage to the implant connection. Our study sought to evaluate, by measuring the angle of rotation of the insertion drive and, later microscopic observation, possible changes in the structure of implants of different diameters with 3 different types of connections after the application of 4 different torque intensities. Materials and methods Three hundred tapered dental implants and three hundred insertion drivers were used in the present study. Implants of 3.5 and 4 mm in diameter with 3 connection models were tested: external hexagon (EH), internal hexagon (IH) and Morse taper (MT). Then, sis groups were performed: EH3 group, EH4 group, IH3 group, IH4 group, MT3 group and MT4 group. The samples were submitted to the torque/torsion force at 4 intensities (n = 10 samples per group and intensity): 60, 80, 100 and 120 Ncm. The turning angle of the insertion driver was measured in each test. In addition, in 10 samples from each group, the maximum torque value supported by each implant model was measured. After the tests, all samples were inspected microscopically to describe the observed changes. Results The maximum torque supported by the different implant models showed statistically significant difference (p < 0.0001). The values of the measured angles showed statistically significant differences between the torque values applied within each group (p < 0.001) and between groups with the same torque value (p < 0.001). Conclusions Within the limitations of the present study in vitro, the results showed that high torque values cause mechanical damage to the implants.

scholarly journals Influence of Orthodontic Anchor Screw Anchorage Method on the Stability of Artificial Bone: An In Vitro Study

Materials ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (14) ◽  
pp. 3205 ◽  
Author(s):  
Seen-Young Kang ◽  
Ji-Min Yu ◽  
Hyoung-Sik Kim ◽  
Jun-Seok Lee ◽  
Chan-Mi Yeon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
In Vitro Study ◽  
Automatic Device ◽  
Insertion Torque ◽  
Artificial Bone ◽  
Artificial Bones ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Torque Values

This study aims to compare the torque values for various lengths of the titanium-based orthodontic anchor screw (OAS), different anchorage methods and varying artificial bone densities after predrilling. Furthermore, the effects of these parameters on bone stability are evaluated. A total of 144 OASs were prepared with a diameter of 1.6 mm and heights of 6, 8 and 10 mm. Artificial bones were selected according to their density, corresponding to Grades 50, 40 and 30. Torque values for the automatic device and manual anchorage methods exhibited a statistically significant difference for the same-sized OAS, according to the bone density of the artificial bones (p < 0.05). However, when insertion torque was at the maximum rotations, there was no significant difference in the torque values for the Grade 30 artificial bone (p > 0.05). When the torque values of both anchorage methods were statistically compared with the mean difference for each group, the results of the manual anchorage method were significantly higher than those of the automatic device anchorage method (p < 0.05). A statistically significant difference was observed in the bone stability resulting from different OAS anchorage methods and artificial bone lengths. These findings suggest that the automatic anchorage method should be used when fixing the OAS.

scholarly journals An In Vitro Analysis on Polyurethane Foam Blocks of the Insertion Torque (IT) Values, Removal Torque Values (RTVs), and Resonance Frequency Analysis (RFA) Values in Tapered and Cylindrical Implants

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (17) ◽  
pp. 9238
Author(s):  
Luca Comuzzi ◽  
Margherita Tumedei ◽  
Camillo D’Arcangelo ◽  
Adriano Piattelli ◽  
Giovanna Iezzi
Keyword(s):  
Dental Implants ◽  
Frequency Analysis ◽  
Primary Stability ◽  
Cortical Layer ◽  
Insertion Torque ◽  
Low Density ◽  
Resonance Frequency Analysis ◽  
Removal Torque ◽  
Torque Values

Background: Several different dental implant microgeometries have been investigated in the literature for use in low-density bone sites. The polyurethane solid rigid blocks represent an optimal in vitro study model for dental implants, because their composition is characterized by symmetrical linear chains of monomers of hexa-methylene sequences producing a self-polymerization process. The aim of the present investigation was to evaluate the primary stability of cylindrical and tapered implants positioned into low-density polyurethane solid rigid blocks. Materials and Methods: Two different macrogeometries, cylindrical (4 mm diameter and 10 mm length) and tapered dental implants (4.20 mm diameter and 10 mm length), were investigated in the present study. The implants were inserted into 10 PCF and 20 PCF polyurethane blocks, with and without an additional cortical layer. The insertion torque (IT) values, the removal torque values (RTVs), and the resonance frequency analysis (RFA) values were measured and recorded. Results: A total of 80 sites were tested, and a significant increased primary stability (PS) was detected in favour of tapered dental implants when compared to cylindrical implants in all experimental conditions (p < 0.05). Higher IT, RT, and RFA values were measured in tapered implants in 10 and 20 PCF polyurethane blocks, both with and without the additional cortical layer. Conclusions: Both implants showed sufficient primary stability in poor density substrates, while, on the other hand, the tapered microgeometry showed characteristics that could also lead to clinical application in low-density posterior maxillary sites, even with a drastically decreased bone cortical component.

scholarly journals Comparative Evaluation of Primary Stability between Different Diameters Multi-Scale Roughness Dental Implant by Solid Rigid Polyurethane Simulation

Osteology ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 62-72
Author(s):  
Margherita Tumedei ◽  
Morena Petrini ◽  
Alessandro Cipollina ◽  
Mariastella Di Carmine ◽  
Adriano Piattelli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dental Implants ◽  
Primary Stability ◽  
Insertion Torque ◽  
Resonance Frequency Analysis ◽  
Removal Torque ◽  
Multi Scale ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Different Diameters ◽  
Implant Loading ◽  
Scale Roughness

Background: Implant primary stability is determined by screw characteristics and surgical procedure. The aim of the present study was to evaluate, on a polyurethane model, the insertion torque (IT), removal torque (RT), and resonance frequency analysis (RFA) of multi-scale roughness dental implants of different diameters. Methods: Two implant sizes were tested on two polyurethane blocks (20 pounds per cubic foot (PCF) and 30 PCF): 3.0 diameter and 13 mm length and 5.0 diameter and 13 mm length. The IT, RT, and RFA were assessed. Results: A significant difference of IT and RT was present in favor of wider implants at both polyurethane densities. No statistical difference was present between the 5.0 diameter and 3.0 diameter implants at both polyurethane densities. A statistically increased RFA was reported for 5.0 implant 30 PCF polyurethane blocks. Conclusions: Multi-scale roughness dental implants of both diameters showed high insertion torque and primary stability on polyurethane blocks, which is valuable for implant loading protocols.

An in vitro evaluation on polyurethane foam sheets of the insertion torque, removal torque values, and resonance frequency analysis (RFA) of a self-tapping threads and round apex implant

2020 ◽  
pp. 026248932097179
Author(s):  
Margherita Tumedei ◽  
Adriano Piattelli ◽  
Antonello Falco ◽  
Francesco De Angelis ◽  
Felice Lorusso ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Resonance Frequency ◽  
Dental Implant ◽  
Frequency Analysis ◽  
Insertion Torque ◽  
Resonance Frequency Analysis ◽  
Removal Torque ◽  
In Vitro Investigation ◽  
Posterior Maxilla ◽  
Torque Values

The dental implant primary stability and micromovement absence represent critical factor for dental implant osseointegration. The aim of the present in vitro investigation was to simulate the bone response on different polyurethane densities the effect of self-tapping threads and round apex implant geometry. A total of 40 implants were positioned in D1, D2, D3 and D4 polyurethane block densities following a calibrated drilling protocol. The Insertion, removal Torque and resonance frequency analysis (RFA) means were calculated. All experimental conditions showed insertion torque values >30 Ncm. A significant higher insertion torque, removal and RFA was present in D1 polyurethane. Similar evidences were evidenced for D3 and D4. The effectiveness of the present study suggested a valuable clinical advantage for self-tapping threads and round apex implant using, such as in case of reduced bone density in the posterior maxilla

scholarly journals Torque Loss After Miniscrew Placement: An In-Vitro Study Followed by a Clinical Trial

2016 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 251-260 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marco Migliorati ◽  
Sara Drago ◽  
Fabrizio Barberis ◽  
Irene Schiavetti ◽  
Domenico Dalessandri ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
In Vitro Study ◽  
Insertion Time ◽  
Controlled Environment ◽  
Insertion Torque ◽  
Experimental Setup ◽  
Percentage Difference ◽  
Torque Loss ◽  
Torque Values

To evaluate torque loss a week after insertion, both in an in vivo and an in vitro experimental setup were designed. In the in vivo setup a total of 29 miniscrews were placed in 20 patients who underwent orthodontic treatment. Maximum insertion torque (MIT) was evaluated at insertion time (T1). A week later, insertion torque was measured again by applying a quarter turn (T2); no load was applied on the screw during the first week. In the in vitro setup a total of 20 miniscrews were placed in pig rib bone samples. MIT was evaluated at insertion time (T1). Bone samples were kept in saline solution and controlled environment for a week during which the solution was refreshed every day. Afterwards, torque was measured again by applying a quarter turn (T2). The comparison of MIT over time was done calculating the percentage difference of the torque values between pre- and post-treatment and using the parametric two independent samples t-test or the non-parametric Mann–Whitney test. After a week unloaded miniscrews showed a mean loss of rotational torque of 36.3% and 40.9% in in vitro and in in vivo conditions, respectively. No statistical differences were found between the two different setups. Torque loss was observed after the first week in both study models; in vitro experimental setup provided a reliable study model for studying torque variation during the first week after insertion.

scholarly journals Influence of Implant Thread Morphology on Primary Stability: A Prospective Clinical Study

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Maria Menini ◽  
Francesco Bagnasco ◽  
Ivan Calimodio ◽  
Nicolò Di Tullio ◽  
Francesca Delucchi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Outcomes ◽  
Outcome Measures ◽  
Primary Stability ◽  
Secondary Outcome ◽  
Prospective Clinical Study ◽  
Insertion Torque ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Group 5 ◽  
One Year ◽  
Torque Values

Objectives. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the primary stability of two implants with the same macro- and micromorphology but different thread design and analyze their clinical outcomes over a one-year period. Materials and Methods. 14 patients needing a partial rehabilitation with a delayed loading approach (DEL group: 9 patients) or a full-arch rehabilitation treated with immediately loaded fixed prostheses supported by 4 implants following the Columbus Bridge Protocol (CBP) (IL group: 5 patients) were included. In each patient, at least one SY (implant with standard threads) and one SL implant (implant with an augmented depth of the threads) were randomly inserted. Primary outcome measures were the number of threads exposed at a torque of 30 Ncm and 50 Ncm and final insertion torque. Secondary outcome measures were implant and prosthetic failure, peri-implant bone resorption, and periodontal parameters: bleeding on probing (BoP), plaque index (PI), and probing depth (PD) evaluated at 3, 6, and 12 months of healing. Results. Nineteen SY and 19 SL implants were inserted in 14 patients. Twenty implants (10 SL and 10 SY) were inserted in the IL group, while 18 (9 SL and 9 SY) were inserted in the DEL group and followed-up for 12 months. No patients dropped out. No implants and prostheses failed. No biological complications were identified. No significant differences were found between SY and SL implants comparing the number of exposed threads when inserting the implant with a torque insertion of 30 N (T student test p=.142 and U test p=.164). At 50 N, no threads were visible in either groups. Final torque insertion values were higher for SL (mean: 48.42 Ncm) compared to SY implants (mean: 43.42 Ncm) without a statistically significant difference. All the implants showed good clinical outcomes at the 1-year-in-function visit. Conclusions. After 12 months of function, both implant types provided good clinical outcomes without statistically significant differences between the two groups. A difference in insertion torque (even if not statistically significant) was found with higher insertion torque values for SL implants with a larger thread depth.

scholarly journals Evaluation of sealing between abutment and inner connection of cone morse dental implant

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Derivaldo Moura Gois Filho ◽  
Vanessa Tavares de Gois-Santos ◽  
Ronaldo Santos Silva ◽  
Antônio Carlos Marqueti ◽  
Arthur Rodriguez Gonzalez Cortes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dental Implants ◽  
Treatment Success ◽  
In Vitro Study ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Dental Abutments ◽  
Scanning Electron ◽  
Group 1

Introduction: The adaptation of prostheses fixed over implants involves biomechanical aspects that are directly associated with treatment success. Objective: The aim of this in vitro study was to evaluate the presence of microgaps in the abutment/inner connection interface of cone morse dental implants. Materials and methods: Two groups of implants were analyzed. The first group (n = 16) employed single-manufacturer dental implants and abutments, whereas the second group (n = 16) combined multi-manufacturer materials. The sets were analyzed through scanning electron mi­croscopy, wherein microgaps between the implant connection and the abutment were observed. Results: Group 1 had an average microgap of 5.69 μm (SD ± 8.46 μm). Group 2 had an average microgap of 1.24 μm (SD ± 0.44 μm). A significant difference was found between the two groups (p = 0.002). Conclusion: Within the limitations of this study, results suggest that the group formed by multi-manufacturer implants and abutments (group 2) had smaller microgap values, and, therefore, a higher in vitro adaptation of components. DESCRIPTORS | Dental Implants; Dental Abutments; Scanning Electron Microscopy.

In Vitro Evaluation of the Removal Force of Abutments in Frictional Dental Implants

2011 ◽  
Vol 37 (5) ◽  
pp. 519-523 ◽  
Author(s):  
João César Zielak ◽  
Murilo Rorbacker ◽  
Rodrigo Gomes ◽  
Celso Yamashita ◽  
Carla Castiglia Gonzaga ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Dental Implants ◽  
Dental Implant ◽  
Compression Force ◽  
Implant Abutment ◽  
Frictional System ◽  
Different Diameters ◽  
The Impact

The objective of the present work was to determine some force parameters for removal of an abutment from a dental implant in a frictional system (locking taper, 1.23 degrees). Ten implants of the same length (11 mm) and different diameters were selected, along with 10 straight abutments (13 mm length) with different diameters. Abutments were attached to implants without application of force. Fixation of the implant-abutment mount (IA) (repeated 1–5 times) was performed through the impact of a body weight (compression force, tapping) left from a known height. After each group of tappings, IA mounts were coupled with a tensile strength tester. The lowest removal value was found after the first tapping of mount #2 (83 N, implant diameter 3.3 mm/4.5 mm abutment diameter), and the highest removal value happened with mount #8 after the fifth tapping (420 N, 5.0 mm/5.5 mm). The force to remove IA mounts increased with the number of tappings and with the increase in abutment mass. Three activations (tappings) of the abutment were considered necessary to yield optimal stability, demonstrated by the large increase in removal force.

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