scholarly journals A first analysis of excess mortality in Switzerland in 2020

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (6) ◽  
pp. e0253505
Author(s):  
Isabella Locatelli ◽  
Valentin Rousson
Keyword(s):  
Life Expectancy ◽  
Excess Mortality ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Mortality Rates ◽  
Loss Of Life ◽  
Key Indicator ◽  
All Cause Mortality ◽  
Specific Mortality ◽  
Standardized Mortality Rate ◽  
Official Data

Objective To quantify excess all-cause mortality in Switzerland in 2020, a key indicator for assessing direct and indirect consequences of the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods Using official data on deaths in Switzerland, all-cause mortality in 2020 was compared with that of previous years using directly standardized mortality rates, age- and sex-specific mortality rates, and life expectancy. Results The standardized mortality rate was 8.8% higher in 2020 than in 2019, returning to the level observed 5–6 years before, around the year 2015. This increase was greater for men (10.6%) than for women (7.2%) and was statistically significant only for men over 70 years of age, and for women over 75 years of age. The decrease in life expectancy in 2020 compared to 2019 was 0.7%, with a loss of 9.7 months for men and 5.3 months for women. Conclusions There was an excess mortality in Switzerland in 2020, linked to the COVID-19 pandemic. However, as this excess only concerned the elderly, the resulting loss of life expectancy was restricted to a few months, bringing the mortality level back to 2015.

scholarly journals A First Analysis of Excess Mortality in Switzerland in 2020

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Isabella Locatelli ◽  
Valentin Rousson
Keyword(s):  
Life Expectancy ◽  
Excess Mortality ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Mortality Rates ◽  
Loss Of Life ◽  
Key Indicator ◽  
All Cause Mortality ◽  
Specific Mortality ◽  
Standardized Mortality Rate ◽  
Official Data

AbstractObjectiveTo quantify the excess all-cause mortality in Switzerland in 2020, a key indicator for assessing direct and indirect consequences of the COVID-19 pandemic.MethodsUsing official data on deaths in Switzerland, all-cause mortality in 2020 was compared with that of previous years using directly standardized mortality rates, age- and sex-specific mortality rates, and life expectancy.ResultsThe standardized mortality rate was 8.6% higher in 2020 than in 2019, returning to the level observed 5-6 years ago. This increase was greater for men (10.4%) than for women (7.0%), and was statistically significant only for men over 70 years of age, and for women over 75 years of age. The decrease in life expectancy in 2020 compared to 2019 was about 1%, with a loss of 9.4 months for men and 5.1 months for women.ConclusionsThere was an excess mortality in Switzerland in 2020, linked to the COVID-19 pandemic. However, as this excess only concerned the elderly, the resulting loss of life expectancy was restricted to a few months.

scholarly journals EXCESS MORTALITY FROM COVID-19. WEEKLY EXCESS DEATH RATES BY AGE AND SEX FOR SWEDEN AND ITS MOST AFFECTED REGION

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karin Modig ◽  
Anders Ahlbom ◽  
Marcus Ebeling
Keyword(s):  
Causes Of Death ◽  
Excess Mortality ◽  
National Level ◽  
Mortality Rates ◽  
Regional Level ◽  
Death Rates ◽  
Excess Death ◽  
All Cause Mortality ◽  
Specific Mortality ◽  
Age And Sex

Abstract Background Sweden has one of the highest numbers of COVID-19 deaths per inhabitant globally. However, absolute death counts can be misleading. Estimating age- and sex-specific mortality rates is necessary in order to account for the underlying population structure. Furthermore, given the difficulty of assigning causes of death, excess all-cause mortality should be estimated to assess the overall burden of the pandemic. Methods By estimating weekly age- and sex-specific death rates during 2020 and during the preceding five years, our aim is to get more accurate estimates of the excess mortality attributed to COVID-19 in Sweden, and in the most affected region Stockholm. Results Eight weeks after Sweden’s first confirmed case, the death rates at all ages above 60 were higher than for previous years. Persons above age 80 were disproportionally more affected, and men suffered greater excess mortality than women in ages up to 75 years. At older ages, the excess mortality was similar for men and women, with up to 1.5 times higher death rates for Sweden and up to 3 times higher for Stockholm. Life expectancy at age 50 declined by less than 1 year for Sweden and 1.5 years for Stockholm compared to 2019. Conclusions The excess mortality has been high in older ages during the pandemic, but it remains to be answered if this is because of age itself being a prognostic factor or a proxy for comorbidity. Only monitoring deaths at a national level may hide the effect of the pandemic on the regional level.

scholarly journals Mortality in Norway and Sweden before and after the Covid-19 outbreak: a cohort study

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Frederik E Juul ◽  
Henriette C Jodal ◽  
Ishita Barua ◽  
Erle Refsum ◽  
Ørjan Olsvik ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Excess Mortality ◽  
Mortality Rates ◽  
List Type ◽  
School Closures ◽  
Epidemic Period ◽  
All Cause Mortality ◽  
Specific Mortality ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Rate Ratios ◽  
Expected Mortality

AbstractObjectivesNorway and Sweden are similar countries regarding ethnicity, socioeconomics and health care. To combat Covid-19, Norway implemented extensive measures such as school closures and lock-downs, while Sweden has been criticised for relaxed measures against Covid-19. We compared the effect of the different national strategies on all-cause and Covid-19 associated mortality.DesignRetrospective cohort.SettingThe countries Norway and Sweden.ParticipantsAll inhabitants.Main outcome measuresWe calculated weekly mortality rates (MR) with 95% confidence intervals (CI) per 100,000 individuals as well as mortality rate ratios (MRR) comparing the epidemic year (29th July, 2019 to 26th July, 2020) to the four preceding years (July 2015 to July 2019). We also compared Covid-19 associated deaths and mortality rates for the weeks of the epidemic in Norway and Sweden (16th March to 26th July, 2020).ResultsIn Norway, mortality rates were stable during the first three 12-month periods of 2015/16; 2016/17 and 2017/18 (MR 14.8 to 15.1 per 100,000), and slightly lower in the two most recent periods including during epidemic period (2018/19 and 2019/20; 14.5 per 100,000). In Sweden, all-cause mortality was stable during the first three 12-month periods of 2015/16; 2016/17 and 2017/18 (MR 17.2 to 17.5 per 100,000), but lower in the year 2018/19 immediately preceding the epidemic (16.2 per 100,000). Covid-19 associated mortality rates were 0.2 per 100,000 (95%CI 0.1 to 0.4) in Norway and 2.9 (95%CI 1.9 to 3.9) in Sweden. The increase in mortality was confined to individuals in 70 years or older.ConclusionsAll-cause mortality remained unaltered in Norway. In Sweden, the observed increase in all-cause mortality during Covid-19 was partly due to a lower than expected mortality preceding the epidemic and the observed excess mortality, was followed by a lower than expected mortality after the first Covid-19 wave. This may suggest mortality displacement.Strengths and limitations of this studyCompares two similar contries in all aspects but the handling of the Covid-19 epidemicEvaluates the mortality for several years before and during the epidemicProvides a possible explanation of the observed mortality changesDiscusses the socioeconomic effects of the different strategies in the two countriesDoes not evaluate cause-specific mortality

scholarly journals All-cause and cause-specific mortality in Scotland 1981–2011 by age, sex and deprivation: a population-based study

2019 ◽  
Vol 29 (4) ◽  
pp. 647-655 ◽  
Author(s):  
Denise Brown ◽  
Mirjam Allik ◽  
Ruth Dundas ◽  
Alastair H Leyland
Keyword(s):  
Life Expectancy ◽  
Population Data ◽  
Mortality Rates ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Average Life Expectancy ◽  
Male Suicide ◽  
All Cause Mortality ◽  
Specific Mortality ◽  
Group Sex ◽  
Deprived Areas

Abstract Background Average life expectancy has stopped increasing for many countries. This has been attributed to causes such as influenza, austerity policies and deaths of despair (drugs, alcohol and suicide). Less is known on the inequality of life expectancy over time using reliable, whole population, data. This work examines all-cause and cause-specific mortality rates in Scotland to assess the patterning of relative and absolute inequalities across three decades. Methods Using routinely collected Scottish mortality and population records we calculate directly age-standardized mortality rates by age group, sex and deprivation fifths for all-cause and cause-specific deaths around each census 1981–2011. Results All-cause mortality rates in the most deprived areas in 2011 (472 per 100 000 population) remained higher than in the least deprived in 1981 (422 per 100 000 population). For those aged 0–64, deaths from circulatory causes more than halved between 1981 and 2011 and cancer mortality decreased by a third (with greater relative declines in the least deprived areas). Over the same period, alcohol- and drug-related causes and male suicide increased (with greater absolute and relative increases in more deprived areas). There was also a significant increase in deaths from dementia and Alzheimer’s disease for those aged 75+. Conclusions Despite reductions in mortality, relative (but not absolute) inequalities widened between 1981 and 2011 for all-cause mortality and for several causes of death. Reducing relative inequalities in Scotland requires faster mortality declines in deprived areas while countering increases in mortality from causes such as drug- and alcohol-related harm and male suicide.

scholarly journals Excess mortality in the United States in the 21st century

2021 ◽  
Vol 118 (16) ◽  
pp. e2024850118
Author(s):  
Samuel H. Preston ◽  
Yana C. Vierboom
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Excess Mortality ◽  
The United States ◽  
Mortality Rates ◽  
Years Of Life Lost ◽  
Death Rates ◽  
Loss Of Life ◽  
The Us ◽  
Specific Mortality ◽  
Excess Deaths

We use three indexes to identify how age-specific mortality rates in the United States compare to those in a composite of five large European countries since 2000. First, we examine the ratio of age-specific death rates in the United States to those in Europe. These show a sharp deterioration in the US position since 2000. Applying European age-specific death rates in 2017 to the US population, we then show that adverse mortality conditions in the United States resulted in 400,700 excess deaths that year. Finally, we show that these excess deaths entailed a loss of 13.0 My of life. In 2017, excess deaths and years of life lost in the United States represent a larger annual loss of life than that associated with the COVID-19 epidemic in 2020.

scholarly journals Significant spike in excess mortality in England in winter 2014/15 – influenza the likely culprit

2018 ◽  
Vol 146 (9) ◽  
pp. 1106-1113 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. G. Pebody ◽  
H. K. Green ◽  
F. Warburton ◽  
M. Sinnathamby ◽  
J. Ellis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Poisson Regression ◽  
Influenza A ◽  
Excess Mortality ◽  
Extreme Temperature ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Health Impact ◽  
Poisson Regression Model ◽  
Potential Health ◽  
All Cause Mortality

AbstractSignificant increases in excess all-cause mortality, particularly in the elderly, were observed during the winter of 2014/15 in England. With influenza A(H3N2) the dominant circulating influenza A subtype, this paper determines the contribution of influenza to this excess controlling for weather. A standardised multivariable Poisson regression model was employed with weekly all-cause deaths the dependent variable for the period 2008–2015. Adjusting for extreme temperature, a total of 26 542 (95% CI 25 301–27 804) deaths in 65+ and 1942 (95% CI 1834–2052) in 15–64-year-olds were associated with influenza from week 40, 2014 to week 20, 2015. This is compatible with the circulation of influenza A(H3N2). It is the largest estimated number of influenza-related deaths in England since prior to 2008/09. The findings highlight the potential health impact of influenza and the important role of the annual influenza vaccination programme that is required to protect the population including the elderly, who are vulnerable to a severe outcome.

scholarly journals Increasing Education-Based Disparities in Healthy Life Expectancy Among U.S. Non-Hispanic Whites, 2000–2010

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Phillip Cantu ◽  
Connor M Sheehan ◽  
Isaac Sasson ◽  
Mark D Hayward
Keyword(s):  
Life Expectancy ◽  
Activities Of Daily Living ◽  
Daily Living ◽  
White Men ◽  
Mortality Rates ◽  
Healthy Life ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Specific Mortality ◽  
Disability Prevalence ◽  
College Educated

Abstract Objectives To examine changes in Healthy Life Expectancy (HLE) against the backdrop of rising mortality among less educated white Americans during the first decade of the 21st century. Method This study documented changes in HLE by education among U.S. non-Hispanic whites, using data from the U.S. Multiple Cause of Death public-use files, the Integrated Public Use Microdata Sample (IPUMS) of the 2000 Census and the 2010 American Community Survey, and the Health and Retirement Study (HRS). Changes in HLE were decomposed into contributions from: (1) change in age-specific mortality rates; and (2) change in disability prevalence, measured via Activities of Daily Living (ADL) and Instrumental Activities of Daily Living (IADL). Results Between 2000 and 2010, HLE significantly decreased for white men and women with less than 12 years of schooling. By contrast, HLE increased among college-educated white men and women. Declines or stagnation in HLE among less educated whites reflected increases in disability prevalence over the study period, whereas improvements among the college educated reflected decreases in both age-specific mortality rates and disability prevalence at older ages. Discussion Differences in HLE between education groups increased among non-Hispanic whites from 2000 to 2010. In fact, education-based differences in HLE were larger than differences in total life expectancy. Thus, the lives of less educated whites were not only shorter, on average, compared with their college-educated counterparts, but they were also more burdened with disability.

scholarly journals Asthma Mortality in Canada, 1946 to 1990

1995 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 61-66 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert S Hogg ◽  
Martin T Schechter ◽  
Julio SG Montaner ◽  
James C Hogg
Keyword(s):  
Life Expectancy ◽  
Mortality Rates ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Years Of Life Lost ◽  
Population Based Study ◽  
Specific Mortality ◽  
Statistics Canada ◽  
Standardized Mortality Ratios ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Asthma Mortality

OBJECTIVE: To assess the impact of asthma on Canadian mortality rates over a 45-year period.DESIGN: A descriptive, population-based study.SETTING: Canada.SUBJECTS: All persons who died from asthma in Canada from 1946 to 1990 as reported to Statistics Canada in Ottawa.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Standardized mortality ratios, age-specific patterns of death, potential years of life lost (PYLL) and life expectancy lost.RESULTS: A total of 12,010 male and 8486 female asthma deaths were recorded in Canada from 1946 to 1990. Mortality rates for both sexes declined from a high of between three to six deaths in 1951 to 1955 to approximately two deaths per 100,000 in 1986 to 1990, with the decline in rates being greater for males than females. Age-specific mortality rates were highest al all ages in 1951 to 1955, except for 15 to 24 years when deaths rates for the 1981 to 1985 period were greater. PYLL exhibit the same pattern as mortality, peaking in 1951 to 1955 and subsequently declining with each period. Loss in life expectancy due to asthma was about one month (not significant) in all time periods.CONCLUSIONS: Asthma mortality rates have declined significantly over the study period. This decline appears to be linked with the convergence of sex-specific rates and with changes in the patterning or age-specific mortality. The impact of asthma on the life expectancy of Canadians is small.

scholarly journals Excess mortality among the elderly in 12 European countries, February and March 2012

2012 ◽  
Vol 17 (14) ◽  
Author(s):  
A Mazick ◽  
B Gergonne ◽  
J Nielsen ◽  
F Wuillaume ◽  
M J Virtanen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Preliminary Data ◽  
Influenza A ◽  
Excess Mortality ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
European Countries ◽  
H3n2 Virus ◽  
All Cause Mortality ◽  
Cold Snap ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Excess Deaths

In February and March 2012, excess deaths among the elderly have been observed in 12 European countries that carry out weekly monitoring of all-cause mortality. These preliminary data indicate that the impact of influenza in Europe differs from the recent pandemic and post-pandemic seasons. The current excess mortality among the elderly may be related to the return of influenza A(H3N2) virus, potentially with added effects of a cold snap.

scholarly journals INTRA-ANNUAL DYNAMICS OF MORTALITY RATES IN CITIES OF THE SOUTHERN PART OF THE RUSSIAN FAR EAST

2021 ◽  
Vol 24 (2-3) ◽  
pp. 11-18
Author(s):  
E.A. Grigorieva ◽  
V.A. Glagolev
Keyword(s):  
Russian Far East ◽  
Far East ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Mortality Rates ◽  
Time Period ◽  
All Cause Mortality ◽  
Age Cohort ◽  
Seasonality Index ◽  
Maximum Development ◽  
The Russian Far East

The analysis of the intra-annual dynamics of mortality rates features from all causes and from cardiorespiratory diseases, using the seasonality index, showed the maximum mortality rate in cities of the Far East south in winter, and the minimum-in summer. A detailed analysis of mortality caused by cardiorespiratory diseases in the older age cohort has revealed a higher risk of pathologies in winter periods, with a maximum in February. A relative indicator decline in November, apparently associated with the so-called «harvest effect», when excess mortality in one period (in October) is compensated by the indicator decrease in the subsequent time period. For the elderly population in Khabarovsk, the maximum death rate in January and its sharp rise in October repeats the picture of all-cause mortality with little gender difference. For men – residents of Vladivostok-the maximum development of cardiovascular disasters occurs in January, a slight increase in mortality is observed in May and October, and the minimum-in August and September, with an annual dynamics with an amplitude of 20%.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document