scholarly journals Factors affecting guardians’ decision making on clinic-based purchase of children’s spectacles in Nigeria

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (7) ◽  
pp. e0254517
Author(s):  
Ving Fai Chan ◽  
Ai Chee Yong ◽  
Ciaran O’Neill ◽  
Christine Graham ◽  
Nathan Congdon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Urban Areas ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Key Factors ◽  
Design Quality ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Cross River ◽  
Cross River State ◽  
Frame Design ◽  
Factors Influencing

Background This study aims to understand the key factors influencing guardians’ decisions when purchasing spectacles for their children in semi-urban and urban areas of Cross River State, Nigeria, where a spectacle cross-subsidisation scheme will be implemented. Methods This cross-sectional study was conducted among all consecutive guardians visiting the Calabar (urban), Ugep, Ikom and Ogoja (semi-urban) public eye clinics in Cross River State, southern Nigeria, from August 1 to October 31 2019, and whose children had significant refractive errors (myopia ≤-0.50D, hyperopia ≥1.50D, astigmatism >0.75D) and received spectacles. Guardians were interviewed using a questionnaire which included i) close-ended questions on reasons guardians choose to purchase spectacles for their children in eye clinics, ii) guardians’ perceptions of the quality and design of children’s current spectacle, iii) factors most heavily influencing their choice of spectacles for children, and iv) open-ended questions to seek guardians’ suggestions on how to improve the current spectacle range. Results All 137 eligible guardians (67.2% women [n = 92]) who visited the selected eye clinics participated in the study (response rate = 100%), with 109 (79.6%) from semi-urban and 28 (20.4%) attending urban clinics. Guardians from both urban and semi-urban clinics prioritised frame design, quality, and material as the main factors affecting their decision when purchasing spectacles for their children. Female guardians and those with higher incomes were both 1.5 times more likely to emphasise frame quality when describing selection criteria for purchasing spectacles for their children than male guardians (p = 0.01) or guardians earning less (p = 0.03). Conclusion Design, material, and frame quality are key factors influencing guardians when purchasing spectacles for their children in these setting and female guardians or those with higher income prioritise frame quality. This study could guide the planning and implementation of a novel cross-subsidisation scheme in Cross River State.

scholarly journals Factors Affecting Guardians' Decision Making on Clinic-based Purchase of Children's Spectacles in Nigeria

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ving Fai Chan ◽  
Ai Chee Yong ◽  
Ciaran O'Neill ◽  
Christine Graham ◽  
Nathan Congdon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Urban Areas ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Key Factors ◽  
Design Quality ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Cross River ◽  
Cross River State ◽  
Frame Design ◽  
Factors Influencing

Background: This study aims to understand the key factors influencing guardians' decisions when purchasing spectacles for their children in semi-urban and urban areas of Cross River State, Nigeria, where a spectacle cross-subsidisation scheme will be implemented. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted among all consecutive guardians visiting the Calabar (urban), Ugep, Ikom and Ogoja (semi-urban) public eye clinics in Cross River State, southern Nigeria, from August 1 to October 31 2019, and whose children had significant refractive errors (myopia ≤-0.50D, hyperopia ≥1.50D, astigmatism >0.75D) and received spectacles. Guardians were interviewed using a questionnaire which included i) close-ended questions on reasons guardians choose to purchase spectacles for their children in eye clinics, ii) guardians' perceptions of the quality and design of children's current spectacle, iii) factors most heavily influencing their choice of spectacles for children, and iv) open-ended questions to seek guardians' suggestions on how to improve the current spectacle range. Results: All 137 eligible guardians (n=92, 67.2% women) who visited the selected eye clinics participated in the study (response rate=100%), with 109 (79.6%) from semi-urban and 28 (20.4%) attending urban clinics. Guardians from both urban and semi-urban clinics prioritised frame design, quality, and material as the main factors affecting their decision when purchasing spectacles for their children. Female guardians and those with higher incomes were both 1.5 times more likely to emphasise frame quality when describing selection criteria for purchasing spectacles for their children than male guardians (p=0.01) or guardians earning less (p=0.03). Conclusion: Design, material, and frame quality are key factors influencing guardians when purchasing spectacles for their children in these setting and female guardians or those with higher income prioritise frame quality. This study could guide the planning and implementation of a novel cross-subsidisation scheme in Cross River State.

scholarly journals Perspectives of Healthcare Professionals Regarding Factors Associated with Antimicrobial Resistance (AMR) and Their Consequences: A Cross Sectional Study in Eastern Province of Saudi Arabia

Antibiotics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (7) ◽  
pp. 878
Author(s):  
Mohamed A. Baraka ◽  
Amany Alboghdadly ◽  
Samar Alshawwa ◽  
Asim Ahmed Elnour ◽  
Hassan Alsultan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Inappropriate Prescribing ◽  
Healthcare Providers ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Key Factors ◽  
Eastern Province ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Factors Influencing

Factors reported in the literature associated with inappropriate prescribing of antimicrobials include physicians with less experience, uncertain diagnosis, and patient caregiver influences on physicians’ decisions. Monitoring antimicrobial resistance is critical for identifying emerging resistance patterns, developing, and assessing the effectiveness of mitigation strategies. Improvement in prescribing antimicrobials would minimize the risk of resistance and, consequently, improve patients’ clinical and health outcomes. The purpose of the study is to delineate factors associated with antimicrobial resistance, describe the factors influencing prescriber’s choice during prescribing of antimicrobial, and examine factors related to consequences of inappropriate prescribing of antimicrobial. A cross-sectional study was conducted among healthcare providers (190) in six tertiary hospitals in the Eastern province of Saudi Arabia. The research panel has developed, validated, and piloted survey specific with closed-ended questions. A value of p < 0.05 was considered to be statistically significant. All data analysis was performed using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (IBM SPSS version 23.0). 72.7% of the respondents have agreed that poor skills and knowledge are key factors that contribute to the inappropriate prescribing of antimicrobials. All of the respondents acknowledged effectiveness, previous experience with the antimicrobial, and reading scientific materials (such as books, articles, and the internet) as being key factors influencing physicians’ choice during antimicrobial prescribing. The current study has identified comprehensive education and training needs for healthcare providers about antimicrobial resistance. Using antimicrobials unnecessarily, insufficient duration of antimicrobial use, and using broad spectrum antimicrobials were reported to be common practices. Furthermore, poor skills and knowledge were a key factor that contributed to the inappropriate use and overuse of antimicrobials, and the use of antimicrobials without a physician’s prescription (i.e., self-medication) represent key factors which contribute to AMR from participants’ perspectives. Furthermore, internal policy and guidelines are needed to ensure that the antimicrobials are prescribed in accordance with standard protocols and clinical guidelines.

scholarly journals Prevalence and factors associated with family planning during COVID-19 pandemic in Bangladesh: A cross-sectional study

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (9) ◽  
pp. e0257634
Author(s):  
Nitai Roy ◽  
Md. Bony Amin ◽  
Maskura Jahan Maliha ◽  
Bibhuti Sarker ◽  
Md Aktarujjaman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Family Planning ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Household Head ◽  
Multivariate Regression Analysis ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Multivariate Logistic Regression Model ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Oral Contraceptive Pills ◽  
Factors Affecting

Background and objectives The COVID-19 pandemic has negatively impacted health systems worldwide, including in Bangladesh, limiting access to family planning information (FP) and services. Unfortunately, the evidence on the factors linked to such disruption is limited, and no study has addressed the link among Bangladeshis. This study aimed to examine the socioeconomic, demographic, and other critical factors linked to the use of FP in the studied areas during the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods The characteristics of the respondents were assessed using a cross-sectional questionnaire survey and descriptive statistics. The variables that were substantially linked with FP usage were identified using a Chi-square test. In addition, a multivariate logistic regression model was used to identify the parameters linked to FP in the study areas during the COVID-19 pandemic. Results The prevalence of FP use among currently married 15–49 years aged women was 36.03% suggesting a 23% (approximately) decrease compared to before pandemic data. Results also showed that 24.42% of the respondents were using oral contraceptive pills (OCP) which is lower than before pandemic data (61.7%). Multivariate regression analysis provided broader insight into the factors affecting FP use. Results showed that woman’s age, education level of the respondents, working status of the household head, locality, reading a newspaper, FP workers’ advice, currently using OCP, ever used OCP, husbands’ supportive attitude towards OCP use, duration of the marriage, ever pregnant, the number of children and dead child were significantly associated with FP use in the study areas during COVID-19 pandemic. Conclusions This study discusses unobserved factors that contributed to a reduction in FP use and identifies impediments to FP use in Bangladesh during the COVID-19 epidemic. This research further adds to our understanding of FP usage by revealing the scope of the COVID-19 pandemic’s impact on FP use in Bangladesh’s rural and urban areas.

scholarly journals Factors Influencing Palliative Care Utilization Among Patients With Cancer: A Cross-Sectional Study

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Minenhle S. Dlamini ◽  
Khumbulani W. Hlongwana ◽  
Siyabonga B. Dlamini ◽  
Themba G. Ginindza
Keyword(s):  
Palliative Care ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Care Utilization ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Cancer Symptoms ◽  
Patients With Cancer ◽  
Factors Influencing

Abstract Background: Cancer remains a public health challenge in low-and-middle income countries (LMICs). Over 30% of those in need of palliative care (PC) worldwide suffer from cancer and 80% of patients with cancer in LMICs are diagnosed at advanced stages, by which time they can only benefit from PC services. The aim of this study was to determine factors influencing PC utilization among patients with cancer in KZN.Methods: A cross-sectional descriptive study was used among patients who had been diagnosed with different cancers and attending Inkosi Albert Luthuli Central Hospital (IALCH), Addington Hospital, Pietermaritzburg Grey’s hospital, Msunduzi and Chatsworth Hospices. A systematic random sampling technique was used to select participants. Structured questionnaires were administered to a total of 394 patients. The questionnaire included two open-ended questions and the generated data was analysed and presented into two formats; firstly, the textual data was entered into REDcap (v.8.11.7) and then exported to IBM SPSS Statistics (v.25) and recoded for emerging themes which were later presented in a graph format. Secondly, the thematic analysis was presented in textual format and supported with verbatims quotes. Results: The mean (+SD) age of the 394 participants was 51.89 (+14.67) years and about 22.9% were within the age-group 41–50 years. Majority of participants were females (77.7%) and were unmarried (60.6%). Most of the participants’ racial classification was black (81.5%) and 64.5% had primary education. More than four-fifths (82.7%) were unemployed, 55.8% lived in urban areas and 24.6% had cervical cancer. The analysis of the two open-ended questions incorporated into the questionnaire revealed five themes as major barriers preventing cancer patients from seeking PC services.Conclusion: Lack of knowledge and awareness about cancer symptoms and PC services could be addressed by better education of the public. Hence, utilization of PC could be maximized, thereby providing a better quality of life for the sufferers and their families until the end of life’s journey. The study also provides information that can be used to strengthen and/or to develop PC guidelines addressing PC issues. Keywords: Cancer, Palliative care, barriers, utilization, KwaZulu-Natal

scholarly journals A study of the factors influencing the utilization of family planning methods in urban slums of Allahabad district, Uttar Pradesh, India

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 1212
Author(s):  
Yachna Setu ◽  
Shiv Prakash ◽  
Khurshid Parveen ◽  
Richa Singh
Keyword(s):  
Family Planning ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Uttar Pradesh ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Urban Slums ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Factors Influencing ◽  
Planning Methods ◽  
Family Planning Methods

Background: India was the first country to launch National Family Planning Program in 1952, but still the country’s desired total fertility rate and contraceptive prevalence rate have not achieved. The use of family planning methods is better in urban areas as compared to rural areas and it is worse in urban slums. Objective of the stud was to find out the utilization pattern of family planning methods and identifying the factors influencing it.Methods: A community based cross sectional study was carried out on eligible couples selected from urban slums of Allahabad district by multistage random sampling and were interviewed by using pre-tested schedule. Data analysis was done by using SPSS version 21.Results: A total of 356 eligible couples (age 15-49 years) were surveyed for a period of one year. It was observed that 45.78% (163/356) of eligible couples were using any of the family planning method and most commonly used method was female sterilization (53.98%), followed by condom (18.40%), then IUCDs (13.49%), injectables, OCPs and Natural methods (approx 4%) use. The use of family planning methods was found to be associated with women’s age, duration of marriage, caste categories, men’s education status, number of living children.Conclusions: The use of family planning methods is low in slums areas and to improve the condition awareness should be created. 

scholarly journals Tuberculosis treatment results in Western Iran over the past 13 years

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Moslem Soofi ◽  
atefeh moradi ◽  
Parisa Riyahi ◽  
Sholeh Rezaei ◽  
Ebrahim Shakiba ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Treatment Failure ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Key Factors ◽  
National Guidelines ◽  
Early Screening ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Western Iran ◽  
Tb Treatment ◽  
High Prevalence

Abstract Introduction Tuberculosis is one of Iran's most significant infectious diseases, which with the advent of new and chronic diseases, is still known as the most threatening disease of human community. The goal of this research was to assess the result of TB treatment in western Iran (province of Kermanshah) and its associated factors during 2005 to 2017.Method In this cross-sectional study, all patients who had tuberculosis from 2005 to the end of 2017 were evaluated. Treatment outcomes were categorized into four domains of “treatment completion," “death," “treatment failure," and “recoveries" based on national guidelines, and factors affecting outcome were identified using univariate and multivariate logistic regression.Results Tuberculosis incidence was 15.21 in males and 14.32 in females per 100,000 individuals. The therapy result was almost uniform during the years investigated. 32.2% had extra pulmonary TB; 58.7% completed treatment; 9.9% died, and 4.1% had treatment failure. After controlling for key factors, the odds of completion of therapy in females were 1.1 (1.0-1.3) times greater than in males, and therapy failure and mortality caused by tuberculosis were also smaller in females than in males 0.6(0.4-0.8) and 0.5(0.3-0.7) respectively). HIV was the greatest variable in the prevalence of tuberculosis with 9.5 (5.8–16.8) times greater chances of death in HIV-positive people than those without HIV.Conclusion Given the high prevalence of pulmonary tuberculosis and public health concerns, early screening and infection diagnosis, education and protective measures are suggested to prevent tuberculosis patients.

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