scholarly journals Industrial agglomeration and air pollution: A new perspective from enterprises in Atmospheric Pollution Transmission Channel Cities (APTCC) of Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei and its surrounding areas, China

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (7) ◽  
pp. e0255036
Author(s):  
Cuicui Xiao ◽  
Jingbo Zhou ◽  
Xin Wang ◽  
Shumin Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Air Quality ◽  
Atmospheric Pollution ◽  
Pollutant Emissions ◽  
Industrial Agglomeration ◽  
Transmission Channel ◽  
Pollution Impacts ◽  
New Perspective ◽  
Surrounding Areas ◽  
Pollution Transmission

Air quality in China has gradually been improving in recent years; however, the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei (BTH) region continues to be the most polluted area in China, with the worst air quality index. BTH and its surrounding areas experience high agglomeration of heavy-polluting manufacturers that generate electric power, process petroleum and coal, and carry out smelting and pressing of ferrous metals, raw chemical materials, chemical products, and non-metallic mineral products. This study presents evidence of the air pollution impacts of industrial agglomeration using the Ellison–Glaeser index, Herfindahl–Hirschman index, and spatial autocorrelation analysis. This was based on data from 73,353 enterprises in “2+26” atmospheric pollution transmission channel cities in BTH and its surrounding areas (herein referred to as BTH “2+26” cities). The results showed that Beijing, Yangquan, Puyang, Kaifeng, Taiyuan, and Jinan had the highest Ellison–Glaeser index among the BTH “2+26” cities; this represents the highest enterprise agglomeration. Beijing, Langfang, Tianjin, Baoding, and Tangshan also showed a low Herfindahl–Hirschman index of pollutant emissions, which have a relatively high degree of industrial agglomeration in BTH “2+26” cities. There was an inverted U-shaped relationship between enterprise agglomeration and air quality in the BTH “2+26” cities. This means that air quality improved with increased industrial agglomeration up to a certain level; beyond this point, the air quality begins to deteriorate with a decrease in industrial agglomeration.

scholarly journals EURODELTA-Trends, a multi-model experiment of air quality hindcast in Europe over 1990–2010

2017 ◽  
Vol 10 (9) ◽  
pp. 3255-3276 ◽  
Author(s):  
Augustin Colette ◽  
Camilla Andersson ◽  
Astrid Manders ◽  
Kathleen Mar ◽  
Mihaela Mircea ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Air Quality ◽  
Boundary Conditions ◽  
Radiative Forcing ◽  
Regional Scale ◽  
Air Pollutant ◽  
Pollutant Emissions ◽  
Mitigation Measures ◽  
Modelling Experiment ◽  
Technical Features

Abstract. The EURODELTA-Trends multi-model chemistry-transport experiment has been designed to facilitate a better understanding of the evolution of air pollution and its drivers for the period 1990–2010 in Europe. The main objective of the experiment is to assess the efficiency of air pollutant emissions mitigation measures in improving regional-scale air quality. The present paper formulates the main scientific questions and policy issues being addressed by the EURODELTA-Trends modelling experiment with an emphasis on how the design and technical features of the modelling experiment answer these questions. The experiment is designed in three tiers, with increasing degrees of computational demand in order to facilitate the participation of as many modelling teams as possible. The basic experiment consists of simulations for the years 1990, 2000, and 2010. Sensitivity analysis for the same three years using various combinations of (i) anthropogenic emissions, (ii) chemical boundary conditions, and (iii) meteorology complements it. The most demanding tier consists of two complete time series from 1990 to 2010, simulated using either time-varying emissions for corresponding years or constant emissions. Eight chemistry-transport models have contributed with calculation results to at least one experiment tier, and five models have – to date – completed the full set of simulations (and 21-year trend calculations have been performed by four models). The modelling results are publicly available for further use by the scientific community. The main expected outcomes are (i) an evaluation of the models' performances for the three reference years, (ii) an evaluation of the skill of the models in capturing observed air pollution trends for the 1990–2010 time period, (iii) attribution analyses of the respective role of driving factors (e.g. emissions, boundary conditions, meteorology), (iv) a dataset based on a multi-model approach, to provide more robust model results for use in impact studies related to human health, ecosystem, and radiative forcing.

scholarly journals Ambient Air Quality in the Czech Republic: Past and Present

Atmosphere ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 214 ◽  
Author(s):  
Iva Hůnová
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Czech Republic ◽  
Air Quality ◽  
Transition Period ◽  
Ground Level ◽  
Ambient Air ◽  
Ambient Air Pollution ◽  
Ambient Air Quality ◽  
Limit Values ◽  
Pollution Impacts

Based on an analysis of related core papers and reports, this review presents a historical perspective on ambient air pollution and ambient air quality development in the modern-day Czech Republic (CR) over the past seven decades, i.e., from the 1950s to the present. It offers insights into major air pollution problems, reveals the main hot spots and problematic regions and indicates the principal air pollutants in the CR. Air pollution is not presented as a stand-alone problem, but in the wider context of air pollution impacts both on human health and the environment in the CR. The review is arranged into three main parts: (1) the time period until the Velvet Revolution of 1989, (2) the transition period of the 1990s and (3) the modern period after 2000. Obviously, a major improvement in ambient air quality has been achieved since the 1970s and 1980s, when air pollution in the former Czechoslovakia culminated. Nevertheless, new challenges including fine aerosol, benzo[a]pyrene and ground-level ozone, of which the limit values are still vastly exceeded, have emerged. Furthermore, in spite of a significant reduction in overall emissions, the atmospheric deposition of nitrogen, in particular, remains high in some regions.

scholarly journals Spatial Association Pattern of Air Pollution and Influencing Factors in the Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei Air Pollution Transmission Channel: A Case Study in Henan Province

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (5) ◽  
pp. 1598
Author(s):  
Jianhui Qin ◽  
Suxian Wang ◽  
Linghui Guo ◽  
Jun Xu
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Relative Humidity ◽  
Influencing Factors ◽  
Pollution Control ◽  
Sunshine Duration ◽  
Spatial Association ◽  
Henan Province ◽  
Air Pollution Control ◽  
Transmission Channel ◽  
Pollution Transmission

The Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei (BTH) air pollution transmission channel and its surrounding areas are of importance to air pollution control in China. Based on daily data of air quality index (AQI) and air pollutants (PM2.5, PM10, SO2, NO2, CO, and O3) from 2015 to 2016, this study analyzed the spatial and temporal characteristics of air pollution and influencing factors in Henan Province, a key region of the BTH air pollution transmission channel. The result showed that non-attainment days and NAQI were slightly improved at the provincial scale during the study period, whereas that in Hebi, Puyang, and Anyang became worse. PM2.5 was the largest contributor to the air pollution in all cities based on the number of non-attainment days, but its mean frequency decreased by 21.62%, with the mean occurrence of O3 doubled. The spatial distribution of NAQI presented a spatial agglomeration pattern, with high-high agglomeration area varying from Jiaozuo, Xinxiang, and Zhengzhou to Anyang and Hebi. In addition, the NAQI was negatively correlated with sunshine duration, temperature, relative humidity, wind speed, and positively to atmospheric pressure and relative humidity in all four clusters, whereas relationships between socioeconomic factors and NAQI differed among them. These findings highlight the need to establish and adjust regional joint prevention and control of air pollution as well as suggest that it is crucially important for implementing effective strategies for O3 pollution control.

scholarly journals Air pollutant emissions from Chinese households: A major and underappreciated ambient pollution source

2016 ◽  
Vol 113 (28) ◽  
pp. 7756-7761 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jun Liu ◽  
Denise L. Mauzerall ◽  
Qi Chen ◽  
Qiang Zhang ◽  
Yu Song ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Air Quality ◽  
Eastern China ◽  
Pollution Prevention ◽  
Air Pollutant ◽  
Pollutant Emissions ◽  
Base Case ◽  
Chinese Government ◽  
Industrial Sectors ◽  
Bth Region

As part of the 12th Five-Year Plan, the Chinese government has developed air pollution prevention and control plans for key regions with a focus on the power, transport, and industrial sectors. Here, we investigate the contribution of residential emissions to regional air pollution in highly polluted eastern China during the heating season, and find that dramatic improvements in air quality would also result from reduction in residential emissions. We use the Weather Research and Forecasting model coupled with Chemistry to evaluate potential residential emission controls in Beijing and in the Beijing, Tianjin, and Hebei (BTH) region. In January and February 2010, relative to the base case, eliminating residential emissions in Beijing reduced daily average surface PM2.5 (particulate mater with aerodynamic diameter equal or smaller than 2.5 micrometer) concentrations by 14 ± 7 μg⋅m−3 (22 ± 6% of a baseline concentration of 67 ± 41 μg⋅m−3; mean ± SD). Eliminating residential emissions in the BTH region reduced concentrations by 28 ± 19 μg⋅m−3 (40 ± 9% of 67 ± 41 μg⋅m−3), 44 ± 27 μg⋅m−3 (43 ± 10% of 99 ± 54 μg⋅m−3), and 25 ± 14 μg⋅m−3 (35 ± 8% of 70 ± 35 μg⋅m−3) in Beijing, Tianjin, and Hebei provinces, respectively. Annually, elimination of residential sources in the BTH region reduced emissions of primary PM2.5 by 32%, compared with 5%, 6%, and 58% achieved by eliminating emissions from the transportation, power, and industry sectors, respectively. We also find air quality in Beijing would benefit substantially from reductions in residential emissions from regional controls in Tianjin and Hebei, indicating the value of policies at the regional level.

scholarly journals Comparison of emissions inventories of anthropogenic air pollutants and greenhouse gases in China

2017 ◽  
Vol 17 (10) ◽  
pp. 6393-6421 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eri Saikawa ◽  
Hankyul Kim ◽  
Min Zhong ◽  
Alexander Avramov ◽  
Yu Zhao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Air Quality ◽  
Emission Inventory ◽  
Air Pollutant ◽  
Central China ◽  
Pollutant Emissions ◽  
Mitigation Measures ◽  
Economic Activities ◽  
Temporal And Spatial Distribution ◽  
Emissions Inventories

Abstract. Anthropogenic air pollutant emissions have been increasing rapidly in China, leading to worsening air quality. Modelers use emissions inventories to represent the temporal and spatial distribution of these emissions needed to estimate their impacts on regional and global air quality. However, large uncertainties exist in emissions estimates. Thus, assessing differences in these inventories is essential for the better understanding of air pollution over China. We compare five different emissions inventories estimating emissions of carbon dioxide (CO2), carbon monoxide (CO), nitrogen oxides (NOx), sulfur dioxide (SO2), and particulate matter with an aerodynamic diameter of 10 µm or less (PM10) from China. The emissions inventories analyzed in this paper include the Regional Emission inventory in ASia v2.1 (REAS), the Multi-resolution Emission Inventory for China (MEIC), the Emission Database for Global Atmospheric Research v4.2 (EDGAR), the inventory by Yu Zhao (ZHAO), and the Greenhouse Gas and Air Pollution Interactions and Synergies (GAINS). We focus on the period between 2000 and 2008, during which Chinese economic activities more than doubled. In addition to national totals, we also analyzed emissions from four source sectors (industry, transport, power, and residential) and within seven regions in China (East, North, Northeast, Central, Southwest, Northwest, and South) and found that large disagreements exist among the five inventories at disaggregated levels. These disagreements lead to differences of 67 µg m−3, 15 ppbv, and 470 ppbv for monthly mean PM10, O3, and CO, respectively, in modeled regional concentrations in China. We also find that all the inventory emissions estimates create a volatile organic compound (VOC)-limited environment and MEIC emissions lead to much lower O3 mixing ratio in East and Central China compared to the simulations using REAS and EDGAR estimates, due to their low VOC emissions. Our results illustrate that a better understanding of Chinese emissions at more disaggregated levels is essential for finding effective mitigation measures for reducing national and regional air pollution in China.

scholarly journals Inventory of pollutant emissions into the atmosphere from gas turbine installations of gas pumping units

2021 ◽  
pp. 58-70
Author(s):  
Oleksandr Zaporozhets ◽  
Sergii Karpenko ◽  
Sergii Puzik ◽  
Bogdan Sagaidak
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Computer Simulation ◽  
Air Quality ◽  
Gas Turbines ◽  
Subsequent Development ◽  
Air Pollutant ◽  
Pollutant Emissions ◽  
Emission Sources ◽  
Direct Measurements ◽  
Adverse Weather

Development of a single method for inventory of pollutant emissions from installations based on the elaboration of existing methods for calculation of air pollution is an important scientific and practical task in the field of environmental safety. The main purpose of the study is to test and compare models of stationary emission sources and to assess air quality based on them. In the inventory of pollutant emissions, the following materials are used: direct measurements, which are based on direct instrumental measurements, and calculated measurements or combinations thereof. According to the direct measurements of NOx and CO emissions from the operation of gas turbines at the Valley compressor station with a nominal capacity of 1 to 50 MW, we found that: the actual emissions of NO and CO increase with the average load on the installation and the time of introduction into operation and date of issue and the actual values of the maximum allowable concentration of NOx (from 100.13 to 467 mg / m) and CO (from 16.08 to 444.88 mg / m) do not exceed the permissible levels of NO-500 mg / m and CO-250 mg / m according to the instructional documents. Comparison of these calculation methods showed the same results, which confirms the need for their systematization with the subsequent development of a single methodology. The distance of 106 m, where the maximum concentration of pollution in adverse weather conditions is expected, was obtained by the calculation method of determining the surface concentration of NOx and CO emissions from the installation. To assess the effectiveness of the methods for inventory of pollutant emissions into the atmosphere from gas turbines, we have developed a scheme of relationship between the object being assessed for efficiency and the object being serviced. Particularly noteworthy are the results and analysis of direct measurements of NOx and CO emissions, as well as the developed scheme for linking the inventory process for pollutant emissions into the atmosphere from installations. The actual concentration of pollutants can be estimated by measuring the background, although in this case it is impossible to exclude the influence of other neighboring and remote emission sources on the results of the air pollution assessment. Depending on the specific task, the results of computer simulation for given parameters of the external environment can also be used to assess the actual, retrospective or prospective conditions. Future conditions can be modeled only with the help of computer simulation. The method of air pollutant concentration calculation for emissions of enterprises does not consider all possible features of emission sources and, in terms of passive stationary sources and cold emissions, the algorithm needs to be clarified and the justifications in the paper indicate ways to make these improvements. Inventory is the first stage in the strategy of air quality regulation, as it provides information for the development, justification and decision-making in regulating the activities of gas turbines to reduce adverse effects on the environment and public health.

scholarly journals Correlation between Air Quality and Wastewater Pollution

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karzan Mohammed Khalid
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Air Quality ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Wastewater Treatment Plants ◽  
Pollutant Emissions ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Environmental Technology ◽  
Wastewater Pollution ◽  
Pollutant Sources ◽  
Living Organisms

Recently, air pollution is a universal problematic concern which adversely affects global warming and more importantly human body systems. This chapter focuses on the importance of air quality, and indicates the negative effects of emissions originated from both municipal and industrial wastewaters to atmosphere. More importantly, the improvements in wastewater treatment plants to eliminate the crisis of emissions on environment and human health is also clarified. Urbanization and distribution of industrials in urban areas influence the air pollution via releasing pollutants and contaminants to environment. The pollutant emissions from wastewaters are volatile organic compounds, Greenhouse gases and other inorganic pollutants (heavy metals) which are causes to many reactions through atmosphere, then products detriment whole environment and living organisms including human. Moreover, contaminants are also released into air from influents of municipal wastewaters and they are considered as the main resources of most threatened infections in human and other animals. As conclusion, because of the persistently development urbanization and industrialization as the wastewater pollutant sources, the environmental technology regarding wastewater treatments must depend on prevention of emissions to air before thinking on cost and good quality effluents.

scholarly journals Analysis of a Pollution Transmission Process in Hefei City Based on Mobile Lidar

2020 ◽  
Vol 237 ◽  
pp. 02006 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shuai Zhang ◽  
Zhaoming Zhou ◽  
Conglei Ye ◽  
Jibing Shi ◽  
Peng Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Air Quality ◽  
Quality Monitoring ◽  
Air Quality Monitoring ◽  
Lidar System ◽  
Transmission Process ◽  
A New Technique ◽  
Air Quality Monitoring Stations ◽  
Pollution Transmission ◽  
Monitoring Stations

The air pollution has been regional in China with the development of economy. To monitoring the air pollution transmission, a new technique, mobile lidar system (GBQ-S01), was introduced. In this paper, a pollution transmission process happened on October 26th, 2017, was analyzed with the use of mobile lidar, air quality monitoring stations data, and Hysplit backward trajectories. The results showed that the polluted air mass was transferred from northeast under the force of air pressure. Under the influences of air pollution transmission and bad meteorological diffusion conditions, The PM10 quality concentrations in Hefei increased a lot within 5 hours; among all the 10 national air quality monitoring stations, the Luyang District (the northernmost one) and Changjiang Middle Road (the easternmost one) received the most serious impact with PM10 concentration reached up to 252 μg/m3 and 219 μg/m3 at 22:00 (Beijing Time).

scholarly journals Emission of Air Pollutants from Rice Residue Open Burning in Thailand, 2018

Atmosphere ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (11) ◽  
pp. 449 ◽  
Author(s):  
Agapol Junpen ◽  
Jirataya Pansuk ◽  
Orachorn Kamnoet ◽  
Penwadee Cheewaphongphan ◽  
Savitri Garivait
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Air Quality ◽  
Global Climate ◽  
Air Pollutant ◽  
Pm10 Concentration ◽  
Pollutant Emissions ◽  
Open Burning ◽  
Transboundary Air Pollution ◽  
Crop Residue Burning ◽  
Agricultural Burning

Crop residue burning negatively impacts both the environment and human health, whether in the aspect of air pollution, regional and global climate change, or transboundary air pollution. Accordingly, this study aims to assess the level of air pollutant emissions caused by the rice residue open burning activities in 2018, by analyzing the remote sensing information and country specific data. This research also aims to analyze the trend of particulate matter 10 microns or less in diameter (PM10) concentration air quality sites in provinces with large paddy rice planting areas from 2010–2017. According to the results, 61.87 megaton (Mt) of rice residue were generated, comprising 21.35 Mt generated from the irrigated fields and 40.53 Mt generated from the rain-fed field. Only 23.0% of the total rice residue generated were subject to open burning—of which nearly 32% were actually burned in the fields. The emissions from such rice residue burning consisted of: 5.34 ± 2.33 megaton (Mt) of CO2, 44 ± 14 kiloton (kt) of CH4, 422 ± 179 kt of CO, 2 ± 2 kt of NOX, 2 ± 2 kt of SO2, 38 ± 22 kt of PM2.5, 43 ± 29 kt of PM10, 2 ± 1 kt of black carbon (BC), and 14 ± 5 kt of organic carbon (OC). According to the air quality trends, the results shows the higher level of PM10 concentration was due to the agricultural burning activities, as reflected in the higher monthly averages of the months with the agricultural burning, by around 1.9–2.1 times. The result also shows the effect of government’s policy for farmers on the crop burning activities and air quality trends.

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