scholarly journals Systematic revision of Gatesona (Crassiclitellata, Lumbricidae), an endemic earthworm genus from the Massif Central (France)

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (9) ◽  
pp. e0255978
Author(s):  
Daniel F. Marchán ◽  
Sergio Jiménez ◽  
Thibaud Decaëns ◽  
Jorge Domínguez
Keyword(s):  
Taxonomic Status ◽  
Sensu Stricto ◽  
Genetic Distances ◽  
Generic Diagnosis ◽  
Eastern European ◽  
Systematic Revision ◽  
Massif Central ◽  
Branch Lengths ◽  
History Of ◽  
Phylogenetic Framework

The Massif Central in France could potentially harbor numerous ancient endemic lineages owing to its long history of continuous geological stability. Several endemic earthworm species inhabit the area, with Allolobophora (Gatesona) chaetophora, Helodrilus (Acystodrilus) and Avelona ligra showing hints of a common evolutionary origin. However, the phylogenetic relationships and taxonomic status of the species remain to be studied through integrative molecular and morphological methods. To this end, eight species including most of the known species and subspecies of All. (Gatesona), Helodrilus (Acystodrilus) musicus, and Avelona ligra were sequenced for a set of five molecular markers. The species were grouped on the basis of the molecular findings in a phylogenetic framework. All. (Gatesona) was included within the same clade as Helodrilus (Acystodrilus) and Avelona, separated from Allolobophora sensu stricto, supporting its status as a good genus. Branch lengths and average pairwise genetic distances suggested the subspecies of All. (Gatesona) chaetophora examined should be considered species-level taxa. Thus, a generic diagnosis for Gatesona stat. nov. is provided, along with redescriptions of Gatesona chaetophora comb. nov., Gatesona rutena comb. nov. stat. nov., Gatesona lablacherensis comb. nov. stat. nov. and Gatesona serninensis comb. nov. stat. nov. The study findings highlight the need for further sampling of earthworm diversity in the Massif Central (and Southern France), in addition to an increased focus on the Eastern European species of Helodrilus.

scholarly journals A systematic revision of the vulnerable mangrove genus Pelliciera (Tetrameristaceae) in equatorial America

2020 ◽  
Vol 65 (2) ◽  
pp. 107-120
Author(s):  
N.C. Duke
Keyword(s):  
Individual Recognition ◽  
Taxonomic Status ◽  
Recent Decade ◽  
Distribution Map ◽  
Systematic Revision ◽  
Closely Related Species ◽  
East Pacific ◽  
History Of ◽  
Diagnostic Key ◽  
Mangrove Trees

Pelliciera is a genus of mangrove trees with distinct showy flowers with five petals subtended by two large foliaceous bracts. The genus, thought to be monotypic, only containing P. rhizophorae, was classified recently in the small diverse family, the Tetrameristaceae. This distinctive genus occurs in a relatively restricted distribution in Central and northern South America in the Atlantic-East Pacific region. In this recent decade, two varietal forms have been reported across its range, of which one appears to be a colour morph referred to much earlier as P. rhizophorae var. benthamii. The taxonomic status of the earlier morph was, however, insufficient to warrant individual recognition at the time, so the genus remained monotypic with no varietal forms. The aim of this treatment has been to review the systematic history of the genus, to thoroughly re-assess available observations and to re-evaluate the current taxonomic status. In conclusion, the genus is recognised now as having two closely related species, described here as P. benthamii along with a redefined P. rhizophorae. Characters such as leafy bract colour, leaf dentition and petal shape used in their discrimination are provided, along with notes on the ecology, phenology, a diagnostic key, and a revised distribution map that displays the oddly overlapping occurrences.

European Integration

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Johann P. Arnason
Keyword(s):  
European Integration ◽  
Eastern European ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Historical Processes ◽  
History Of ◽  
External Conditions ◽  
Eastern European Countries ◽  
Totalitarian Regimes ◽  
The Eu

Different understandings of European integration, its background and present problems are represented in this book, but they share an emphasis on historical processes, geopolitical dynamics and regional diversity. The introduction surveys approaches to the question of European continuities and discontinuities, before going on to an overview of chapters. The following three contributions deal with long-term perspectives, including the question of Europe as a civilisational entity, the civilisational crisis of the twentieth century, marked by wars and totalitarian regimes, and a comparison of the European Union with the Habsburg Empire, with particular emphasis on similar crisis symptoms. The next three chapters discuss various aspects and contexts of the present crisis. Reflections on the Brexit controversy throw light on a longer history of intra-Union rivalry, enduring disputes and changing external conditions. An analysis of efforts to strengthen the EU’s legal and constitutional framework, and of resistances to them, highlights the unfinished agenda of integration. A closer look at the much-disputed Islamic presence in Europe suggests that an interdependent radicalization of Islamism and the European extreme right is a major factor in current political developments. Three concluding chapters adopt specific regional perspectives. Central and Eastern European countries, especially Poland, are following a path that leads to conflicts with dominant orientations of the EU, but this also raises questions about Europe’s future. The record of Scandinavian policies in relation to Europe exemplifies more general problems faced by peripheral regions. Finally, growing dissonances and divergences within the EU may strengthen the case for Eurasian perspectives.

О ВИДЕ РОДА RORIPPA (BRASSICACEAE) С НИЖНЕЙ ВОЛГИ, "БОТАНИЧЕСКИЙ ЖУРНАЛ"

2013 ◽  
pp. 765-766
Author(s):  
А.П. ЛАКТИОНОВ ◽  
Е.В. МАВРОДИЕВ
Keyword(s):  
European Russia ◽  
Eastern European ◽  
The South ◽  
South Eastern ◽  
Lower Volga ◽  
History Of

The history of the putative endemic of the Lower Volga valley (the South-Eastern European Russia) Rorippa wolgensis Fursajev ex Laktionov et Mavrodiev nom. nov. is briefly discussed.

Patiriella pseudoexigua (Asteroidea: Asterinidae): a cryptic species complex revealed by molecular and embryological analyses

2003 ◽  
Vol 83 (5) ◽  
pp. 1109-1116 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael W. Hart ◽  
Maria Byrne ◽  
Sheri L. Johnson
Keyword(s):  
Dna Sequences ◽  
Original Description ◽  
Sensu Stricto ◽  
Genetic Distances ◽  
New Combination ◽  
Sea Stars ◽  
Planktonic Larva ◽  
Closely Related Species ◽  
Planktonic Larvae ◽  
Cryptic Species Complex

Cryptic lineages were identified within a morphologically uniform group of sea stars distributed from Australia to Japan. Among eight populations, all of which have been referred to Patiriella pseudoexigua, we found seven unique mitochondrial DNA sequences clustered into four distinct lineages. These four lineages formed a monophyletic group in which sister clades were separated by small genetic distances but could be differentiated from each other on the basis of reproductive differences. The four lineages thus appear to be separate but very closely related species. Examination of reproduction in several Queensland populations revealed that one population (Statue Bay) consisted of hermaphroditic intragonadal brooders with live-born offspring while other populations (Townsville, Bowen, Airlie Beach) consisted of dioecious free-spawners with a planktonic larva. The brooded larvae from central Queensland populations closely resembled brooded embryos and larvae of a Japanese lineage, while the planktonic larvae from northern Queensland were similar to the original description of planktonic larvae from a Taiwan population. However, each of the viviparous lineages was more closely related to a lineage with planktonic larval development than the viviparous lineages were to each other. Patiriella pseudoexigua thus comprises at least four species with different reproductive phenotypes in which viviparous brooding appears to have evolved in parallel. Based on previous taxonomic work we propose the following names for these four lineages: the dioecious free-spawner from northern Queensland (including the P. pseudoexigua type locality) is P. pseudoexiguasensu stricto; the viviparous brooder from central Queensland is undescribed and here referred to as Patiriella sp. nov; the dioecious free-spawner from Taiwan is temporarily referred to as Patiriella sp. (a senior name for this species may be P. pentagonus); and the hermaphrodite brooder from Japan should be raised to specific status and referred to by the new combination P. pacifica.

scholarly journals The evolution of hard tick-borne relapsing fever borreliae is correlated with vector species rather than geographical distance

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ranna Nakao ◽  
Kentaro Kasama ◽  
Bazartseren Boldbaatar ◽  
Yoshitoshi Ogura ◽  
Hiroki Kawabata ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Core Gene ◽  
Genetic Distances ◽  
Hard Tick ◽  
Vector Species ◽  
Relapsing Fever ◽  
Strain Isolation ◽  
Ecological Features ◽  
Geographical Distances ◽  
History Of ◽  
Hokkaido Island

Abstract Background Relapsing fever (RF) borreliae are arthropod-borne spirochetes and some of them cause human diseases, which are characterized by relapsing or recurring episodes of fever. Recently, it has been classified into two groups: soft tick-borne RF (STRF) borreliae and hard tick-borne RF (HTRF) borreliae. STRF borreliae include classical RF agents and HTRF borreliae, the latter of which include B. miyamotoi, a human pathogen recently identified in Eurasia and North America. Results In this study, we determined the genome sequences of 16 HTRF borreliae strains: 15 B. miyamotoi strains (9 from Hokkaido Island, Japan, 3 from Honshu Island, Japan, and 3 from Mongolia) and a Borrelia sp. tHM16w. Chromosomal gene synteny was highly conserved among the HTRF strains sequenced in this study, even though they were isolated from different geographic regions and different tick species. Phylogenetic analysis based on core gene sequences revealed that HTRF and STRF borreliae are clearly distinguishable, with each forming a monophyletic group in the RF borreliae lineage. Moreover, the evolutionary relationships of RF borreliae are consistent with the biological and ecological features of each RF borreliae sublineage and can explain the unique characteristics of Borrelia anserina. In addition, the pairwise genetic distances between HTRF borreliae strains were well correlated with those of vector species rather than with the geographical distances between strain isolation sites. This result suggests that the genetic diversification of HTRF borreliae is attributed to the speciation of vector ticks and that this relationship might be required for efficient transmission of HTRF borreliae within vector ticks. Conclusions The results of the present study, together with those from previous investigations, support the hypothesis that the common ancestor of borreliae was transmitted by hard-bodied ticks and that only STRF borreliae switched to using soft-bodied ticks as a vector, which was followed by the emergence of Borrelia recurrentis, lice-borne RF borreliae. Our study clarifies the phylogenetic relationships between RF borreliae, and the data obtained will contribute to a better understanding of the evolutionary history of RF borreliae.

Biochemical Systematics, Biogeography and Evolutionary Rates in Species of the Mediterranean Genus Tyrrhenoleuctra (Plecoptera, Leuctridae)

2004 ◽  
Vol 35 (3) ◽  
pp. 299-306 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
J. M. Tierno de Figueroa ◽  
◽  
◽  
Keyword(s):  
North Africa ◽  
Evolutionary Rate ◽  
Taxonomic Status ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Genetic Distances ◽  
Western Mediterranean ◽  
Similar Distribution ◽  
Undescribed Species ◽  
Vicariance Event ◽  
Definition Of

AbstractThe western Mediterranean stonefly genus Tyrrhenoleuctra traditionally includes 3 species: T. minuta (Spain, North Africa, Balearic Islands), T. tangerina (Spain, North Africa), T. zavattarii (Corsica and Sardinia). Since the traditional morphological characters display great and overlapping variation, allozyme electrophoresis was used to clarify taxonomic and phylogenetic relationships within the genus and to discuss biogeographical implications. The results clearly discriminate at least four entities: the Corso-Sardinian unit, for which the name T. zavattarii can be used; the Balearic population, representing an undescribed species; at least two Iberian peninsular species. However, more data on topotypic populations are needed to define the taxonomic status of the Iberian species (including definition of the currently used names T. minuta and T. tangerina). The presence of Tyrrhenoleuctra in Sardinia and Corsica is likely due to an old vicariance event following separation of the Sardinia-Corsica microplate from the Iberian Peninsula. Calibration of the molecular clock (genetic distances vs. Corso-Sardinian plate split from Iberia) resulted in a very low evolutionary rate (0.008 D/my), lower than those found in taxonomically distant groups (including stoneflies) with similar distribution.

scholarly journals History of sports medicine in east European countries

2015 ◽  
Vol 68 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 59-65
Author(s):  
Biljana Lazovic ◽  
Sanja Mazic ◽  
Marina Djelic ◽  
Jelena Suzic-Lazic ◽  
Radmila Sparic ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sports Medicine ◽  
Medical Knowledge ◽  
European Countries ◽  
Historical Background ◽  
Eastern European ◽  
Cultural Changes ◽  
East European ◽  
Psychological Pressure ◽  
History Of ◽  
Eastern European Countries

The purpose of this article is to provide a historical background of medicine, science and sports with the focus on the development of modern sports medicine in European countries, with an accent on Eastern European countries that have a long sports medicine tradition. The development of modern sports medicine began at the end of 19th and the beginning of 20th century, and it has been associated with social and cultural changes in the world of medicine, science and sports. Advanced medical knowledge, skills and practices, and the progress of scientific achievements enabled sports people to improve their performance level. Increased popularisation and commercialisation of sports have resulted from urbanization and city lifestyle, leading to the lack of physical activity and increased psychological pressure. In addition, the growing need and interest in sports and successes in professional sports have become a symbol of international recognition and prestige for the nations.

An Historiographical Guide to Subcarpathian Rus'

1973 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
pp. 201-265
Author(s):  
Paul R. Magocsi
Keyword(s):  
The United States ◽  
General Nature ◽  
Eastern European ◽  
European Languages ◽  
Article Deal ◽  
Enormous Amount ◽  
History Of ◽  
Roman Jakobson ◽  
Political Economic ◽  
Cultural Developments

It is customary among western scholars who have written about the Carpatho-Rusyns to consider them “the most forgotten among the forgotten.”2 Little is known in the West about the political, economic, and cultural developments of Subcarpathian Rus', especially before 1918. Yet such an enormous amount of material has been written in eastern European languages about this territory that as early as 1931 the noted Slavic linguist Roman Jakobson could write: “In the whole east Slavic world, there is hardly any other marginal area whose past has been examined with such affectionate meticulousness and scholarliness as Carpatho-Russia.”3The present study is intended as an introductory guide to the voluminous historiography of Subcarpathian Rus'. The material has been arranged according to the following topical and chronological subdivisions: bibliographical aids; general historical studies; early history to 1514; 1514 to 1711; 1711 to 1848; 1848 to 1918; 1918 to 1938; October, 1938, to March, 1939; 1939 to 1944; 1945 to the present; cultural developments; Rusyns in Hungary; Rusyns in Jugoslavia; and Rusyns in the United States. Works will be discussed under the heading which most nearly describes the period dealt with in the text regardless of the date of publication. The time periods were not designated arbitrarily but are based on certain historical events the significance of which will be clarified in the appropriate subsection. Most studies treated in this article deal exclusively or primarily with Subcarpathian Rus' only a few are concerned with problems of a more general nature. Many studies dealing with the recent history of the area are not necessarily included because they represent sound historical research but because they are valuable, highly selective accounts of crucial events, many of them written by the participants themselves.

Disentangling the Sudanonautes granulatus (Balss, 1929) species complex (Potamoidea: Potamonautidae), with the description of two new freshwater crabs from Nigeria and Côte d’Ivoire, West Africa

Zootaxa ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 4948 (2) ◽  
pp. 201-220
Author(s):  
NEIL CUMBERLIDGE ◽  
PIERRE A. MVOGO NDONGO ◽  
PAUL F. CLARK
Keyword(s):  
Cote D'ivoire ◽  
Côte D’Ivoire ◽  
Central Africa ◽  
Taxonomic Status ◽  
Sensu Stricto ◽  
Morphological Evidence ◽  
Cote D’Ivoire ◽  
Distribution Maps ◽  
Freshwater Crabs ◽  
Côte D'ivoire

The taxonomic status of the widely distributed West and Central African freshwater crab Sudanonautes granulatus (Balss, 1929) sensu lato is revised in the light of improved morphological evidence which indicates that this taxon is a complex comprising at least 4 species: Sudanonautes granulatus (Balss, 1929) sensu stricto from Togo, S. koudougou n. sp. from Côte d’Ivoire, S. umaji n. sp. from Nigeria, and S. tiko from Cameroon, Nigeria, and Bioko. Diagnoses, illustrations and distribution maps are provided for these species and they are compared with congeners from West and Central Africa. 

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