scholarly journals Sadness regulation strategies and measurement: A scoping review

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (8) ◽  
pp. e0256088
Author(s):  
Sumaia Mohammed Zaid ◽  
Fonny Dameaty Hutagalung ◽  
Harris Shah Bin Abd Hamid ◽  
Sahar Mohammed Taresh
Keyword(s):  
Emotion Regulation ◽  
Scoping Review ◽  
Negative Emotions ◽  
Depression And Anxiety ◽  
Validity And Reliability ◽  
Cronbach’S Alpha ◽  
Expressive Suppression ◽  
Cronbach's Alpha ◽  
Effective Manner ◽  
Regulation Strategies

Backgrounds Accurate measurement and suitable strategies facilitate people regulate their sadness in an effective manner. Regulating or mitigating negative emotions, particularly sadness, is crucial mainly because constant negative emotions may lead to psychological disorders, such as depression and anxiety. This paper presents an overview of sadness regulation strategies and related measurement. Method Upon adhering to five-step scoping review, this study combed through articles that looked into sadness regulation retrieved from eight databases. Results As a result of reviewing 40 selected articles, 110 strategies were identified to regulate emotions, particularly sadness. Some of the most commonly reported strategies include expressive suppression, cognitive reappraisal, distraction, seeking social or emotional support, and rumination. The four types of measures emerged from the review are self-reported, informant report (parents or peers), open-ended questions, and emotion regulation instructions. Notably, most studies had tested psychometric properties using Cronbach’s alpha alone, while only a handful had assessed validity (construct and factorial validity) and reliability (Cronbach’s alpha or test-retest) based on responses captured from questionnaire survey. Conclusion Several sadness regulation strategies appeared to vary based on gender, age, and use of strategy. Despite the general measurement of emotion regulation, only one measure was developed to measure sadness regulation exclusively for children. Future studies may develop a comprehensive battery of measures to assess sadness regulation using multi-component method.

scholarly journals Do cognitive reappraisal and expressive suppression mediate the effect of emotion motives on mood outcomes?

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Joanna Hooper
Keyword(s):  
Emotion Regulation ◽  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Positive Emotions ◽  
Negative Emotions ◽  
Cognitive Reappraisal ◽  
Research Literature ◽  
Subjective Happiness ◽  
Emotion Regulation Strategies ◽  
Expressive Suppression ◽  
Regulation Strategies

<p>The present investigation was designed to assess whether the emotion regulation strategies of expressive suppression and cognitive reappraisal would mediate the relationships between emotion motives (trying to experience and trying to avoid experiencing positive and negative emotions) and mood outcomes (subjective happiness and depressive symptoms). A sample of 257 first-year psychology students completed questionnaires on emotion regulation and levels of subjective happiness and depressive symptom levels in a concurrent study. As predicted, trying to experience positive emotions positively predicted use of cognitive reappraisal, which, in turn, predicted greater levels of subjective happiness and lower levels of depressive symptoms and trying to avoid experiencing negative emotions positively predicted use of expressive suppression, which, in turn, predicted greater levels of depressive symptoms and lower levels of subjective happiness. In one other mediational pathway, the motive of trying to experience negative emotions positively predicted use of expressive suppression, which was associated with lower levels of subjective happiness and greater levels of depressive symptoms. These results add to the existing emotion regulation research literature by shedding light on what motivates the use of adaptive and maladaptive emotion regulation strategies. In sum, individuals’ hedonic motives encouraged adaptive emotion regulation efforts, whereas, individuals’ contra-hedonic motives encouraged the use of maladaptive emotion regulation efforts. These findings will be of assistance to clinicians in the development of interventions to improve emotion regulation problems in clients.</p>

scholarly journals Do cognitive reappraisal and expressive suppression mediate the effect of emotion motives on mood outcomes?

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Joanna Hooper
Keyword(s):  
Emotion Regulation ◽  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Positive Emotions ◽  
Negative Emotions ◽  
Cognitive Reappraisal ◽  
Research Literature ◽  
Subjective Happiness ◽  
Emotion Regulation Strategies ◽  
Expressive Suppression ◽  
Regulation Strategies

<p>The present investigation was designed to assess whether the emotion regulation strategies of expressive suppression and cognitive reappraisal would mediate the relationships between emotion motives (trying to experience and trying to avoid experiencing positive and negative emotions) and mood outcomes (subjective happiness and depressive symptoms). A sample of 257 first-year psychology students completed questionnaires on emotion regulation and levels of subjective happiness and depressive symptom levels in a concurrent study. As predicted, trying to experience positive emotions positively predicted use of cognitive reappraisal, which, in turn, predicted greater levels of subjective happiness and lower levels of depressive symptoms and trying to avoid experiencing negative emotions positively predicted use of expressive suppression, which, in turn, predicted greater levels of depressive symptoms and lower levels of subjective happiness. In one other mediational pathway, the motive of trying to experience negative emotions positively predicted use of expressive suppression, which was associated with lower levels of subjective happiness and greater levels of depressive symptoms. These results add to the existing emotion regulation research literature by shedding light on what motivates the use of adaptive and maladaptive emotion regulation strategies. In sum, individuals’ hedonic motives encouraged adaptive emotion regulation efforts, whereas, individuals’ contra-hedonic motives encouraged the use of maladaptive emotion regulation efforts. These findings will be of assistance to clinicians in the development of interventions to improve emotion regulation problems in clients.</p>

The overuse of Cronbach’s alpha in psychology of religion: A suggested alternative with a primer on how & when to use them

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarah Jane Charles
Keyword(s):  
Psychology Of Religion ◽  
Scale Construction ◽  
Psychology Research ◽  
Validity And Reliability ◽  
Cronbach’S Alpha ◽  
Cronbach's Alpha ◽  
Scale Reliability ◽  
Methodological Rigor ◽  
Religiosity And Spirituality ◽  
Simple Definition

The Psychology of Religion has had a tradition measuring things that are seemingly difficult to measure, such as one’s level of religiosity or spirituality – concepts that are polysemantic, so do not have a simple definition. In doing so, researchers have developed scales to measure such constructs. This trend in Psychology of Religion research will continue as researchers start to conduct studies in non-Western Educated Industrialized Rich Democratic (WEIRD) populations, as they will require new scales that are appropriate for the way that these populations conceptualize religiosity and spirituality. Scale construction takes multiple steps, which most researchers are well-acquainted with. One important step is to demonstrate both validity and reliability. In the Psychology of Religion, an overwhelming majority of researchers use Cronbach’s alpha to estimate scale reliability. However, alpha has multiple preconditions that can easily be violated in psychology research that are rarely tested for, let alone adjusted for. Much like with using parametric statistical analyses when parametric assumptions are violated, this approach may be leading to inaccurate reporting. This article will discuss; (1) whether alpha should be used at all in Psychology of Religion research and, if so, when it is appropriate; (2) introduce another estimate of scale reliability, Omega, and show how and it might be calculated; (3) provide examples of how these techniques might be taught to students studying Psychology of Religion at undergraduate and higher levels. In doing so, I hope to move the entire field of Psychology of Religion forward in terms of methodological rigor.

Smiling won’t make you feel better: Response-focused emotion regulation strategies have little impact on cognitive, behavioural, physiological, and subjective outcomes

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nancy Bahl ◽  
Allison Ouimet
Keyword(s):  
Emotion Regulation ◽  
Negative Emotion ◽  
Electrodermal Activity ◽  
Adaptive Strategy ◽  
Expressive Suppression ◽  
Memory Accuracy ◽  
Cognitive Behavioural ◽  
Regulation Strategies ◽  
The Common ◽  
Subjective Outcomes

Background and Objectives. Response-focused emotion regulation (RF-ER) strategies may alter people’s evoked emotions, influencing psychophysiology, memory accuracy, and affect. Researchers have found that participants engaging in expressive suppression (ES; a RF-ER strategy) experience increased sympathetic nervous system arousal, affect (i.e., higher subjective anxiety and negative emotion), and lowered memory accuracy. It is unclear, however, whether all RF-ER strategies exert maladaptive effects. Expressive dissonance (ED; displaying an expression opposite from how one feels) is a RF-ER strategy, and thus likely considered “maladaptive”. As outlined by the facial feedback hypothesis, however, smiling may increase positive emotion, suggesting it may be an adaptive strategy. We compared the effects of ED and ES to a control condition on psychophysiology, memory accuracy, and affect, to assess whether ED is an adaptive RF-ER strategy, relative to ES. Methods. We randomly assigned 144 female participants to engage in ED, ES, or to naturally observe, while viewing negative and arousing images. We recorded electrodermal activity and self-reported affect throughout the experiment and participants completed memory tasks. Results. There were no differences between groups across outcomes. Conclusion. Engaging in ES or ED may not lead to negative or positive impacts, shedding doubt on the common conclusion that specific strategies are categorically adaptive or maladaptive.

scholarly journals Preschool children's views on emotion regulation: Functional associations and implications for social-emotional adjustment

2009 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
pp. 243-252 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tracy A. Dennis ◽  
Deborah A. Kelemen
Keyword(s):  
Emotion Regulation ◽  
Negative Emotions ◽  
Emotional Adjustment ◽  
Emotion Regulation Strategies ◽  
Social Emotional ◽  
Intentional Control ◽  
Maternal Report ◽  
Effective Strategies ◽  
Regulation Strategies ◽  
Children’S Views

Previous studies show that preschool children view negative emotions as susceptible to intentional control. However, the extent of this understanding and links with child social-emotional adjustment are poorly understood. To examine this, 62 3- and 4-year-olds were presented with puppet scenarios in which characters experienced anger, sadness, and fear. Forty-seven adults were presented with a parallel questionnaire. Participants rated the degree to which six emotion-regulation strategies were effective in decreasing negative emotions. Results showed that even the youngest preschoolers viewed cognitive and behavioral distraction and repairing the situation as relatively effective; compared to adults, however, preschoolers favored relatively “ineffective” strategies such as venting and rumination. Children also showed a functional view of emotion regulation; that effective strategies depend on the emotion being regulated. All participants favored repairing a negative situation to reduce anger and behavioral distraction to reduce sadness and fear. Finally, the more children indicated that venting would reduce negative emotions, the lower their maternal report of social skills. Findings are discussed in terms of functional emotion theory and implications of emotion-regulation understanding for child adjustment.

scholarly journals Italia Ti Ascolto [Italy, I am listening]: an app-based group psychological intervention during the COVID-19 pandemic

2021 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Laura Antonia Lucia Parolin ◽  
Ilaria Maria Antonietta Benzi ◽  
Erika Fanti ◽  
Alberto Milesi ◽  
Pietro Cipresso ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Social Support ◽  
Emotion Regulation ◽  
Perceived Social Support ◽  
Psychological Intervention ◽  
Emotion Regulation Strategies ◽  
Expressive Suppression ◽  
Psychological Variables ◽  
Symptoms Of Depression ◽  
Intervention Protocol ◽  
Regulation Strategies

The onset of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic impacted individuals’ psychological wellbeing resulting in heightened perceived stress, anxiety, and depression. However, a significant issue in accessing psychological care during a lockdown is the lack of access to in-person interventions. In this regard, research has shown the efficacy and utility of psychological app-based interventions. ‘Italia Ti Ascolto’ (ITA) has been developed as a population tailored internet-based intervention to offer an online professional solution for psychological support needs. The ITA app is available on iOS and Android systems. Users completed a baseline assessment on emotion regulation strategies (cognitive reappraisal and expressive suppression), psychological stress, anxiety, depression, and perceived social support. Participants could select among several one-hour long clinical groups held by expert psychotherapists. After every session, people were asked to complete a quick users’ satisfaction survey. Our contribution presents ITA’s intervention protocol and discusses preliminary data on psychological variables collected at baseline. Data showed significant associations between emotion regulation strategies, symptoms of depression and anxiety, and level of stress. Moreover, the role of perceived social support is considered. Future developments and implications for clinical practice and treatment are discussed.

scholarly journals Validity and reliability of the Noor Evidence-Based Medicine Questionnaire: A cross-sectional study

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. e0249660
Author(s):  
Mohd Noor Norhayati ◽  
Zanaridah Mat Nawi
Keyword(s):  
Evidence Based Medicine ◽  
Healthcare Professionals ◽  
High Reliability ◽  
Internal Consistency Reliability ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
Validity And Reliability ◽  
Cronbach’S Alpha ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Cronbach's Alpha ◽  
Based Medicine

Background Evidence-based medicine (EBM) is a widely accepted scientific advancement in clinical settings that helps achieve better, safer, and more cost-effective healthcare. However, presently, validated instruments to evaluate healthcare professionals’ attitude and practices toward implementing EBM are not widely available. Therefore, the present study aimed to determine the validity and reliability of a newly developed knowledge, attitude, and practice (KAP) questionnaire on EBM for use among healthcare professionals. Methods The Noor Evidence-Based Medicine Questionnaire was tested among physicians in a government hospital between July and August 2018. Exploratory factor analysis and internal consistency reliability-based Cronbach’s alpha statistic were conducted. Results The questionnaire was distributed among 94 physicians, and 90 responded (response rate of 95.7%). The initial number of items in the KAP domains of the Noor Evidence-Based Medicine Questionnaire were 15, 17, and 13, respectively; however, two items in the practice domain with communalities <0.25 and factor loadings <0.4 were removed. The factor structure accounted for 52.33%, 66.29%, and 55.39% of data variance in the KAP domains, respectively. Cronbach’s alpha values were 0.81, 0.81, and 0.84 for KAP domains, respectively, indicating high reliability. Conclusions This questionnaire can be used to evaluate the knowledge, attitudes, and behaviour of healthcare professionals toward EBM. Future testing of this questionnaire among other medical personnel groups will help expand the scope of this tool.

scholarly journals Validity and Reliability Study of the Scale for Determining the Civic-mindedness Levels of Teaching Staff

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 44
Author(s):  
Rüştü Yeşil
Keyword(s):  
Factor Analysis ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Teaching Staff ◽  
Validity And Reliability ◽  
Cronbach’S Alpha ◽  
Cronbach's Alpha ◽  
Bartlett Test ◽  
Development Participation ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Civic Mindedness

use after also being checked by linguists. The validity analysis of the scale for the data collected was performed with exploratory factor analysis and item-total correlation tests, while the property of reliability was determined using the Cronbach’s alpha internal consistency coefficient and the stability test was carried out by determining the relationship between two applications conducted at an interval of the five weeks. The scale, which is called the “Scale for Determining the Civic-Mindedness Levels of Individuals” is a five-step Likert-type scale and consists of 27 items that can be collected under three factors. The factor names are “Openness to Criticism/Development”, “Participation/Activeness” and “Lack of Prejudice/Flexibility”. The KMO value of the scale was 0.956; and the Bartlett Test values were x2=11001.719; sd=351; p<0.000. Items in the scale accounted for 56.619% of the total variance. As a result of the confirmatory factor analysis, the χ2 value was 808.07 and the degree of freedom was 321. Χ2/df is 2.51. The fit indices of the scale were determined as RMSEA=0.067; S-RMR=0.049; NFI=0.97. The item-total corrected correlation coefficients of the items in the scale varied between 0.40 and 0.703 (p<.01). The reliability coefficient of the scale was Cronbach’s alpha at 0.954 and the stability coefficients of the items were between 0.496 and 0.674 (p<,01).

scholarly journals Translation and Cross-Cultural Adaptation of the Persian Version of Minnesota Living With Heart Failure Questionnaire (MLHFQ)

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Behrouz Attarbashi Moghadam ◽  
Hasan Tamartash ◽  
Sara Fereydunnia ◽  
Mahdieh Ravand
Keyword(s):  
Heart Failure ◽  
Correlation Coefficient ◽  
Short Form ◽  
Intraclass Correlation ◽  
Validity And Reliability ◽  
Cronbach’S Alpha ◽  
Cronbach's Alpha ◽  
Persian Version ◽  
Sf 36 ◽  
Heart Failure Questionnaire

The Minnesota Living with Heart Failure Questionnaire (MLHFQ) has been developed to measure health-related quality of life (HRQoL) status of Heart Failure (HF) patients. The aim of this study was to translate MLHFQ into the Persian version and assess the validity and reliability of the translated version. We used a forward-backward procedure for translation. In a cross-sectional study, 105 HF patients and 50 healthy subjects were selected to assess the reliability and construct validity of the instrument. The face and content validity were used to assess the questionnaire validity. Validity was examined on the HF patients group, using the Persian version of the Short form-36 health survey (SF-36) Questionnaire. In order to assess the questionnaire’s reliability, the Intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) and Cronbach’s alpha were calculated. Test-retest reliability was examined by re-administering the MLHFQ after 2 weeks. Test-retest results demonstrated that the Persian version has excellent reliability (ICC for all 2 domains were higher than 0.91, P≤0.000). Internal consistency for Physical domain (PD), emotional domain (ED) and total scores using Cronbach’s alpha were 0.90, 0.84 and 0.92, respectively. ICC for PD, ED and total scores were 0.95, 0.94, and 0.97, respectively. Good and very good Pearson's Correlation Coefficient was seen between MLHFQ and SF-36 (r= -0.47 to -0.775, P≤0.000 for PD; r= -0.47 to -0.65, P≤0.000 for ED). The Persian version of the MLHFQ had satisfactory reliability and validity for assessing HRQoL status of Iranian HF patients. © 2019 Tehran University of Medical Sciences. All rights reserved. Acta Med Iran 2019;57(7):435-441.

scholarly journals Comparison of Interpersonal and Intrapersonal Emotion Regulation Models in Explaining Depression and Anxiety Syndrome

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mozhgan Lotfi ◽  
◽  
Mahdi Amini ◽  
Yasaman Shiasy ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Emotion Regulation ◽  
Emotional Disorders ◽  
Depression And Anxiety ◽  
Emotion Regulation Strategies ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Statistical Population ◽  
Multi Stage ◽  
Interpersonal Emotion Regulation ◽  
Regulation Strategies ◽  
Regulation Model

Background: Emotion regulation is an important meta-diagnosis construct and one of the common core and underlying dimensions of emotional disorders. Emotion regulation models are divided into two general categories of interpersonal and interpersonal models. Purpose: This study aimed to compare interpersonal and intrapersonal models of emotion regulation in predicting depression and anxiety syndromes in Tehran universities students. Method and material: The method of this study was cross-sectional. The statistical population of this study was all students of public universities in Tehran. Sampling was done using multi-stage cluster and the subjects were evaluated using Emotion Regulation Strategies Questionnaire, Interpersonal Emotion Regulation Questionnaire, Short Difficulty in Emotion Regulation Questionnaire and SCL-25 Questionnaire. Results: Findings showed that intrapersonal and interpersonal emotion regulation strategies have a significant role in explaining depression and anxiety syndrome. Between the two interpersonal and interpersonal emotion regulation models, the interpersonal emotion regulation model had a stronger and more significant effect on prediction of depression and anxiety syndrome (P <0.01). Conclusion: Both intrapersonal and interpersonal emotion regulation models have role in explanation of depression and anxiety syndromes and can be effective in predicting and treating emotional disorders.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document