Low autonomic arousal as a risk factor for reoffending: A population-based study

Background Low resting heart rate (RHR) and low systolic blood pressure (SBP) are associated with criminal behavior. However, knowledge is lacking about their predictive value for reoffending. Aim We aimed to examine associations of RHR and SBP with reoffending in a large population-based sample. Methods We conducted a cohort study of all convicted male conscripts born in Sweden 1958–1990 (N = 407,533). We obtained data by linking Swedish population-based registers. Predictor variables were RHR and SBP, measured at conscription which was mandatory until 2010 for men at age 18. The outcome variable was reoffending, defined as criminal convictions (any crime, violent crime and non-violent crime), obtained from the National Crime Register. We used survival analyses to test for associations of RHR and SBP with reoffending, adjusting for pertinent covariates such as socioeconomic status, height, weight and physical energy capacity. Results In fully adjusted Cox regression models, men with lower RHR (≤60 bpm) had higher risk of reoffending (any crime: HR = 1.17, 95% CI: 1.14, 1.19, violent crime: HR = 1.23, 95% CI: 1.17, 1.29, non-violent crime: HR = 1.16, 95% CI: 1.14, 1.19), compared to men with higher RHR (≥ 82 bpm). Men with lower SBP (≤80 mmHg) had higher risk of reoffending (any crime: HR = 1.19, 95% CI: 1.17, 1.21, violent crime: HR = 1.16, 95% CI: 1.12, 1.20, non-violent crime: HR = 1.20, 95% CI: 1.18, 1.22), compared to men with higher SBP (≥138 mmHg). Conclusions Low autonomic arousal is associated with increased risk of reoffending. RHR and SBP should be investigated further as potential predictors for reoffending as they each may have predictive value in risk assessment protocols.

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Sibling Alcohol Use Disorder Is Associated With Increased Risk for Suicide Attempt

Clinical Psychological Science ◽

10.1177/21677026211025041 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 216770262110250

Author(s):

Mallory E. Stephenson ◽

Sara Larsson Lönn ◽

Jessica E. Salvatore ◽

Jan Sundquist ◽

Kenneth S. Kendler ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Alcohol Use ◽

Suicide Attempt ◽

Alcohol Use Disorder ◽

Cox Regression ◽

Population Based ◽

Swedish Population ◽

Sibling Pairs ◽

Increased Risk ◽

Using Data ◽

Shared Genetic

The association between having a sibling diagnosed with alcohol use disorder (AUD) and risk for suicide attempt may be attributable to shared genetic liability between AUD and suicidal behavior, effects of environmental exposure to a sibling’s AUD, or both. To distinguish between these alternatives, we conducted a series of Cox regression models using data derived from Swedish population-based registers with national coverage. Among full sibling pairs (656,807 males and 607,096 females), we found that, even after we accounted for the proband’s AUD status, the proband’s risk for suicide attempt was significantly elevated when the proband’s sibling was affected by AUD. Furthermore, the proband’s risk for suicide attempt was consistently higher when the sibling’s AUD registration had occurred more recently. Our findings provide evidence for exposure to sibling AUD as an environmental risk factor for suicide attempt and suggest that clinical outreach may be warranted following a sibling’s diagnosis with AUD.

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P0211GLOMERULAR HYPERFILTRATION AND CANCER: A NATIONWIDE POPULATION-BASED STUDY

Nephrology Dialysis Transplantation ◽

10.1093/ndt/gfaa142.p0211 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 35 (Supplement_3) ◽

Author(s):

Yaerim Kim ◽

Jeongsoo Yoon ◽

Jin Hyuk Paek ◽

Woo Yeong Park ◽

Kyubok Jin ◽

...

Keyword(s):

National Health ◽

Malignant Disease ◽

Cox Regression ◽

Asian Population ◽

Population Based ◽

Glomerular Hyperfiltration ◽

Outcome Variable ◽

Cox Regression Analysis ◽

Increased Risk ◽

The Impact

Abstract Background and Aims Glomerular hyperfiltration is associated with all-cause mortality. Herein, we evaluated the association between glomerular hyperfiltration and the development of malignant disease, the most common cause of death, in an Asian population. Method We retrospectively reviewed the National Health Insurance Service database of Korea for people who received national health screenings from 2012 to 2013. Glomerular hyperfiltration was defined as the 95th percentile and greater after adjusting for age and sex. We performed a multivariate Cox regression analysis using glomerular hyperfiltration at the first health screening as the exposure variable and cancer development as the outcome variable to evaluate the impact of glomerular hyperfiltration on the development of malignant disease. Results A total of 1,953,123 examinations who followed-up for 4.9 years were included in this study. Among the 8 different site-specific malignant disease categories, digestive organs and female genital organs showed a significant associations between glomerular hyperfiltration and malignancy. The population with glomerular hyperfiltration showed an increased risk for stomach cancer (adjusted hazard ratio [aHR], 1.27), colorectal cancer (aHR, 1.23), and liver or intrahepatic malignancy (aHR, 1.40). In addition, the risk for uterine and ovarian cancer was significantly increased in the population with glomerular hyperfiltration (aHR, 1.36). Conclusion Glomerular hyperfiltration was associated with an increased risk for the development of malignant diseases in specific organs, such as the stomach, colorectum, uterus, and ovary. Glomerular hyperfiltration needs to be considered a significant sign of the need to evaluate the possibility of hidden adverse health conditions, including malignancies.

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First-ever ischemic stroke and increased risk of incident heart disease in older adults

Neurology ◽

10.1212/wnl.0000000000009234 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 94 (15) ◽

pp. e1559-e1570 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Luciano A. Sposato ◽

Melody Lam ◽

Britney Allen ◽

Lucie Richard ◽

Salimah Z. Shariff ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Heart Disease ◽

Ischemic Stroke ◽

Coronary Artery ◽

Cox Regression ◽

Large Population ◽

Population Based ◽

Cardiac Complications ◽

Comorbid Conditions ◽

Increased Risk ◽

Shared Risk

ObjectivePoststroke cardiac complications are common. It is unknown whether the reason is shared risk factors and preexisting heart disease or stroke-associated myocardial and coronary injury. We tested the hypothesis that first-ever ischemic stroke is associated with increased risk of incident cardiovascular complications in patients without known preexisting cardiac comorbid conditions.MethodsThis population-based cohort study included residents in Ontario between 2002 and 2012 who were ≥66 years of age without known cardiovascular disease. We compared the incident risk of major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE), defined as myocardial infarction, unstable angina, congestive heart failure, coronary artery disease, coronary artery revascularization, or cardiovascular death, at 1 year in patients with first-ever ischemic stroke vs propensity-matched individuals without stroke (4:1 matching using 31 variables). To estimate cause-specific hazard ratios (HRs), we used Cox regression models adjusted for variables with weighted standardized differences >0.10 or known to influence the risk of MACE.ResultsWe included 21,931 patients with first-ever ischemic stroke and 71,696 propensity-matched individuals, well balanced on all variables used for propensity matching. First-ever ischemic stroke was associated with increased unadjusted incident MACE risk (HR 4.5, 95% confidence interval [CI] 4.3–4.8). MACE adjusted risk was highest in the first 30 days (HR 25.0, 95% CI 20.5–30.5) and declined both at 31 to 90 days (HR 4.8, 95% CI 4.1–5.7) and at 91 to 365 days (HR 2.2, 95% CI 2.0–2.4).ConclusionsIn this large population-based study, ischemic stroke was independently associated with increased risk of incident MACE. Whether this association is explained by stroke-associated cardiac injury, preexisting subclinical cardiovascular comorbid conditions, or both remains unknown.

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Survival and prognostic factor analyses in malignant giant cell tumour of bone

10.21203/rs.2.12960/v4 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Jin Zhang ◽

Xin Wang ◽

Feng Lin ◽

Guijun Xu ◽

Haixiao Wu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Giant Cell ◽

Cox Regression ◽

Giant Cell Tumour ◽

Large Population ◽

Survival Rates ◽

Population Based ◽

Cell Tumour ◽

Rank Test ◽

Seer Database ◽

Increased Risk

Abstract Background: The characteristics and survival of patients with malignant giant cell tumour of bone (GCTB) have not been investigated thoroughly due to the rarity of the disease. We evaluated these factors in a large cohort in the National Cancer Institute’s Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database.Methods: Data from patients who were diagnosed with malignant GCTB from 1975 to 2016 were extracted from the SEER database. The overall survival (OS) was calculated by Kaplan–Meier analysis, and intergroup differences were tested by the log-rank test. Univariate and multivariate Cox proportional hazard regression analyses were conducted to identify the independent survival factors.Results: A total of 325 patients with malignant GCTB were included. The overall 1-, 5-, and 10-year survival rates were 94.3% (95% CI: 91.7-96.8), 82.3% (95% CI: 77.9-86.6), and 80.1% (95% CI: 75.4-84.7), respectively. A potential non-linear J-shaped dose–response relationship between the age or diagnosis year and survival were found. Multivariate Cox regression showed poor survival in patients with age from 35 to 60 years (hazard ratio (HR) =9.99, 95% CI: 1.34-74.80, P=0.025), age older than 60 years (HR=62.03, 95% CI: 7.94-484.38, P<0.001), with stage T2 disease (HR=4.85, 95% CI: 1.52-15.47, P=0.008), with stage T3 disease (HR=6.09, 95% CI: 1.03-36.23, P=0.047), and with distant tumours (HR=2.76, 95% CI: 1.14-6.65, P=0.024), and extraskeletal sites (HR=3.33, 95% CI: 1.02-10.85, P=0.046).Conclusions: This large population-based series described the clinical characteristics of malignant GCTB. Patients with stage T2/3disease, distant disease and extra-skeletal sites had more odds to be with worse survival. The elder age than 34 years had a gradually increased risk for survival.

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Cancer Risk in Patients with Autoimmune Hepatitis: A Nationwide Population-Based Cohort Study with Histopathology

American Journal of Epidemiology ◽

10.1093/aje/kwab119 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Rajani Sharma ◽

Elizabeth C Verna ◽

Tracey G Simon ◽

Jonas Söderling ◽

Hannes Hagström ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cohort Study ◽

General Population ◽

Cancer Risk ◽

Autoimmune Hepatitis ◽

Cox Regression ◽

Population Based ◽

Swedish Population ◽

Non Melanoma Skin Cancer ◽

Incident Cancer ◽

Increased Risk

Abstract We aimed to determine the risk of incident cancer in autoimmune hepatitis (AIH) compared to the general population and siblings. AIH was defined by the presence of a medical diagnosis of AIH and a liver biopsy in a nationwide Swedish population-based cohort study. We identified 5,268 adults with AIH diagnosed 1969-2016 and 22,996 matched general population reference individuals and 4,170 sibling comparators. Using Cox regression, hazard ratios (HRs) were determined for any incident cancer and sub-types determined from the Swedish Cancer Register. During follow-up, a cancer diagnosis was made in 1,119 individuals with AIH (17.2/1000 person-years) and 4,450 reference individuals (12.0/1000 person-years). This corresponded to an HR of 1.53 (95%CI: 1.42,1.66). Cancer risk was highest in those with cirrhosis. There was a 29.18-fold increased risk of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) (95%CI, 17.52,48.61). The annual incidence risk of HCC in individuals with AIH who had cirrhosis was 1.1% per year. AIH was also linked to non-melanoma skin cancer (HR=2.69) and lymphoma (HR=1.89). Sibling analyses yielded similar risk estimates for any cancer (HR=1.84) and HCC (HR=23.10). AIH is associated with an increased risk of any cancer, in particular, HCC and extra-hepatic malignancies. The highest risk for cancer, especially HCC, is in patients with cirrhosis.

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A Swedish population-based study of the mechanisms of parent–offspring transmission of criminal behavior

Psychological Medicine ◽

10.1017/s0033291714002268 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 45 (5) ◽

pp. 1093-1102 ◽

Cited By ~ 11

Author(s):

K. S. Kendler ◽

H. Ohlsson ◽

N. A. Morris ◽

J. Sundquist ◽

K. Sundquist

Keyword(s):

Criminal Behavior ◽

Population Based ◽

Swedish Population ◽

Intact Families ◽

Criminal Convictions ◽

Generational Transmission ◽

Biological Parents ◽

Increased Risk ◽

Family Types ◽

Genetic And Environmental Factors

Background.While children of parents with criminal behavior (CB) are at increased risk for CB, we have limited knowledge about the causes of this cross-generational transmission.Method.We examined intergenerational continuity in CB in the Swedish population ascertained from the national conviction registers in three family types: intact (n = 21 11 074), ‘not-lived-with’ (n = 16 53 15 where biological parents never lived with their offspring) and ‘step’ (n = 1 24 800 offspring) which reflected, respectively, the effects of genes + rearing, genes only and rearing only. We also examined three criminal conviction subtypes: violent CB (VCB), property CB (PCB) and white-collar CB (WCCB).Results.Combined across mothers and fathers, the hazard ratio (HR) for CB in offspring given parental CB was 1.95 in intact, 1.56 in ‘not-lived-with’ and 1.28 in stepfamilies. In all three family types, all forms of CB in parents (VCB, PCB and WCCB) significantly predicted risk for all forms of CB in offspring. However, VCB in offspring was most strongly predicted by VCB in parents in intact, not-lived-with and stepfamilies. In intact families only, some specific parent–offspring transmission was also seen for WCCB.Conclusions.Both genetic and environmental factors contribute substantially to parent–offspring resemblance for CB. With respect to criminal subtypes, much of parent–offspring transmission appears to be non-specific. However, specific genetic and environmental risk factors for VCB are transmitted across generations. A limitation of these analyses is that CB was assessed only via official criminal convictions.

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Relative risk of functional dyspepsia in patients with sleep disturbance: a population-based cohort study

Scientific Reports ◽

10.1038/s41598-021-98169-4 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Hsu-Han Su ◽

Fung-Chang Sung ◽

Kai-Liang Kao ◽

Shu-Chin Chen ◽

Chen-Ju Lin ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cohort Study ◽

Sleep Disturbance ◽

Functional Dyspepsia ◽

Cox Regression ◽

Large Population ◽

Population Based ◽

Administrative Dataset ◽

Hazard Ratios ◽

Increased Risk ◽

And Gender

AbstractIncreased prevalence of sleep disorders has been found in patients with functional dyspepsia; however, direction of causality remains unclear. Our aim was to compare the risk of incident functional dyspepsia between patients with and without sleep disturbance from a large population-based sample. Utilizing a nation-wide health insurance administrative dataset, we assembled an 11-year historic cohort study to compare subsequent incidence of diagnosed functional dyspepsia between adult patients with any diagnosis of sleep disturbance and age- and gender-matched controls. Hazard ratios adjusted for other relevant comorbidities and medications were calculated using Cox regression models. 45,310 patients with sleep disorder and 90,620 controls were compared. Patients with sleep apnea had a 3.3-fold (95% confidence interval: 2.82 ~ 3.89) increased hazard of functional dyspepsia compared with controls. This increased risk persisted regardless of previously diagnosed depression coexisted. Sleep disturbance was associated with an increased risk of subsequent functional dyspepsia. Potential mechanisms are discussed.

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Inflammatory Bowel Disease Is More Common in Patients with IgA Nephropathy and Predicts Progression of ESKD: A Swedish Population-Based Cohort Study

Journal of the American Society of Nephrology ◽

10.1681/asn.2020060848 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. ASN.2020060848

Author(s):

Johanna Rehnberg ◽

Adina Symreng ◽

Jonas F. Ludvigsson ◽

Louise Emilsson

Keyword(s):

Inflammatory Bowel Disease ◽

Logistic Regression ◽

Cohort Study ◽

Iga Nephropathy ◽

Bowel Disease ◽

Cox Regression ◽

Population Based ◽

Swedish Population ◽

Increased Risk ◽

Inflammatory Bowel

BackgroundCase reports suggest an association between inflammatory bowel disease, a chronic autoimmune condition linked to increased circulating IgA levels, and IgA nephropathy, the most common form of primary GN and a leading cause of ESKD.MethodsIn a Swedish population-based cohort study, we compared 3963 biopsy-verified IgA nephropathy patients with 19,978 matched controls between 1974 and 2011, following up participants until 2015. Inflammatory bowel disease data and ESKD status were obtained through national medical registers. We applied Cox regression to estimate hazard ratios (HRs) for future inflammatory bowel disease in IgA nephropathy and conditional logistic regression to assess risk of earlier inflammatory bowel disease in IgA nephropathy. We also explored whether inflammatory bowel disease affects development of ESKD in IgA nephropathy.ResultsDuring a median follow-up of 12.6 years, 196 (4.95%) patients with IgA nephropathy and 330 (1.65%) matched controls developed inflammatory bowel disease (adjusted HR, 3.29; 95% confidence interval [95% CI], 2.73 to 3.96). Inflammatory bowel disease also was more common before a confirmed IgA nephropathy diagnosis. Some 103 (2.53%) IgA nephropathy patients had an earlier inflammatory bowel disease diagnosis compared with 220 (1.09%) controls (odds ratio [OR], 2.37; 95% CI, 1.87 to 3.01). Both logistic regression (OR, 2.60; 95% CI, 2.02 to 3.35) and time-varying Cox regression (HR, 1.84; 95% CI, 1.33 to 2.55) demonstrated that inflammatory bowel disease was associated with increased ESKD risk in patients with IgA nephropathy.ConclusionsPatients with IgA nephropathy have an increased risk of inflammatory bowel disease both before and after their nephropathy diagnosis. In addition, among patients with IgA nephropathy, comorbid inflammatory bowel disease elevates the risk of progression to ESKD.

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Survival and Prognostic Factors Analyses in Malignant Giant Cell Tumor of Bone

10.21203/rs.3.rs-54236/v1 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Jin Zhang ◽

Xin Wang ◽

Feng Lin ◽

Guijun Xu ◽

Haixiao Wu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Giant Cell ◽

Cox Regression ◽

Large Population ◽

Survival Rates ◽

Population Based ◽

Rank Test ◽

Seer Database ◽

Kaplan Meier ◽

Increased Risk ◽

Cox Proportional Hazard Regression

Abstract Background: The characteristics and survival of patients with malignant giant cell tumour of bone (GCTB) have not been investigated thoroughly due to the rarity of the disease. We evaluated these factors in a large cohort in the National Cancer Institute’s Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database.Methods: Data from patients who were diagnosed with malignant GCTB from 1975 to 2016 were extracted from the SEER database. The overall survival was calculated by Kaplan–Meier analysis, and intergroup differences were tested by the log-rank test. Univariate and multivariate Cox proportional hazard regression analyses were conducted to identify the independent survival factors.Results: A total of 325 patients with malignant GCTB were included. The overall 1-, 5-, and 10-year survival rates were 94.3% (95% CI: 91.7-96.8), 82.3% (95% CI: 77.9-86.6), and 80.1% (95% CI: 75.4-84.7), respectively. A potential non-linear J-shaped dose–response relationship between the age or diagnosis year and survival were found. Multivariate Cox regression showed poor survival in patients with age from 35 to 60 years (HR=9.99, 95% CI: 1.34-74.80, P=0.025), age older than 60 years (HR=62.03, 95% CI: 7.94-484.38, P<0.001), with stage T2 disease (HR=4.85, 95% CI: 1.52-15.47, P=0.008), with stage T3 disease (HR=6.09, 95% CI: 1.03-36.23, P=0.047), and with distant tumours (HR=2.76, 95% CI: 1.14-6.65, P=0.024), and extraskeletal sites (HR=3.33, 95% CI: 1.02-10.85, P=0.046).Conclusions: This large population-based series described the clinical characteristics of malignant GCTB. Patients with stage T2/3 disease, distant disease and extra-skeletal sites had more odds to be with worse survival. The elder age than 34 years had a gradually increased risk for survival.

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Fracture Risk in Patients with Myasthenia Gravis: A Population-Based Cohort Study

Journal of Neuromuscular Diseases ◽

10.3233/jnd-200612 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 1-8

Author(s):

Charles Kassardjian ◽

Jessica Widdifield ◽

J. Michael Paterson ◽

Alexander Kopp ◽

Chenthila Nagamuthu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Myasthenia Gravis ◽

Lower Risk ◽

Cox Regression ◽

Large Population ◽

Population Based ◽

Osteoporosis Prevention ◽

Inception Cohort ◽

Hazard Ratios ◽

Multiple Covariates ◽

Region Of Residence

Background: Prednisone is a common treatment for myasthenia gravis (MG), and osteoporosis is a known potential risk of chronic prednisone therapy. Objective: Our aim was to evaluate the risk of serious fractures in a population-based cohort of MG patients. Methods: An inception cohort of patients with MG was identified from administrative health data in Ontario, Canada between April 1, 2002 and December 31, 2015. For each MG patient, we matched 4 general population comparators based on age, sex, and region of residence. Fractures were identified through emergency department and hospitalization data. Crude overall rates and sex-specific rates of fractures were calculated for the MG and comparator groups, as well as rates of specific fractures. Adjusted hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were estimated using Cox regression. Results: Among 3,823 incident MG patients (followed for a mean of 5 years), 188 (4.9%) experienced a fracture compared with 741 (4.8%) fractures amongst 15,292 matched comparators. Crude fracture rates were not different between the MG cohort and matched comparators (8.71 vs. 7.98 per 1000 patient years), overall and in men and women separately. After controlling for multiple covariates, MG patients had a significantly lower risk of fracture than comparators (HR 0.74, 95% CI 0.63–0.88). Conclusions: In this large, population-based cohort of incident MG patients, MG patients were at lower risk of a major fracture than comparators. The reasons for this finding are unclear but may highlight the importance osteoporosis prevention.

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