scholarly journals Association between early gestation passive smoke exposure and neonatal size among self-reported non-smoking women by race/ethnicity: A cohort study

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (11) ◽  
pp. e0256676
Author(s):  
Melissa M. Amyx ◽  
Rajeshwari Sundaram ◽  
Germaine M. Buck Louis ◽  
Nicole M. Gerlanc ◽  
Alaina M. Bever ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Black Women ◽  
Smoke Exposure ◽  
Public Health Issue ◽  
Inverse Association ◽  
Anthropometric Measures ◽  
Passive Smoke ◽  
Race Ethnicity ◽  
Cotinine Concentration ◽  
Maternal Race

Understanding implications of passive smoke exposure during pregnancy is an important public health issue under the Developmental Origins of Health and Disease paradigm. In a prospective cohort of low-risk non-smoking pregnant women (NICHD Fetal Growth Studies—Singletons, 2009–2013, N = 2055), the association between first trimester passive smoke exposure and neonatal size was assessed by race/ethnicity. Plasma biomarker concentrations (cotinine, nicotine) assessed passive smoke exposure. Neonatal anthropometric measures included weight, 8 non-skeletal, and 2 skeletal measures. Linear regression evaluated associations between continuous biomarker concentrations and neonatal anthropometric measures by race/ethnicity. Cotinine concentrations were low and the percent above limit of quantification varied by maternal race/ethnicity (10% Whites; 14% Asians; 15% Hispanics; 49% Blacks). The association between cotinine concentration and infant weight differed by race/ethnicity (Pinteraction = 0.034); compared to women of the same race/ethnicity, per 1 log-unit increase in cotinine, weight increased 48g (95%CI -44, 139) in White and 51g (95%CI -81, 183) in Hispanic women, but decreased -90g (95%CI -490, 309) in Asian and -93g (95%CI -151, -35) in Black women. Consistent racial/ethnic differences and patterns were found for associations between biomarker concentrations and multiple non-skeletal measures for White and Black women (Pinteraction<0.1). Among Black women, an inverse association between cotinine concentration and head circumference was observed (−0.20g; 95%CI −0.38, −0.02). Associations between plasma cotinine concentration and neonatal size differed by maternal race/ethnicity, with increasing concentrations associated with decreasing infant size among Black women, who had the greatest biomarker concentrations. Public health campaigns should advocate for reducing pregnancy exposure, particularly for vulnerable populations.

Abstract MP66: Social Determinants And Co-morbid Conditions In Women Of Child-bearing Age With Hypertension From 2001-2018

Hypertension ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 78 (Suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Lara C Kovell ◽  
Claire Meyerovitz ◽  
Didem Ayturk ◽  
Stephen P Juraschek ◽  
Tiffany A Moore Simas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Black Women ◽  
Social Determinants ◽  
White Women ◽  
Hispanic Women ◽  
Private Insurance ◽  
Anthropometric Measures ◽  
Mortality And Morbidity ◽  
Child Bearing ◽  
Race Ethnicity ◽  
Morbid Conditions

Introduction: Hypertension (HTN) is the most important modifiable risk factor of serious maternal mortality and morbidity. Social determinants, including economic stability and access to healthcare, influence HTN outcomes and are critical to understanding and addressing racial and ethnic differences in HTN control. Objective: To assess social determinants and co-morbidities in US women of child-bearing age with HTN by race/ethnicity Methods: We studied women (age 20-50) with HTN in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys 2001-2018. Social determinants and co-morbid conditions were examined in groups categorized by race/ethnicity - Non-Hispanic White (White), Non-Hispanic Black (Black), and Hispanic. Demographics, anthropometric measures, and co-morbid conditions were compared with White women as reference. Results: In all women with HTN, the mean (SE) age was 36.0 (0.3) years and 63% were on BP medication. Compared to white women, Black and Hispanic women had lower food security, poverty income ratio, smoking use, and private insurance (all p<0.0001, Table ). Black women had higher BP medication use, BMI, and BP compared to White women (all p<0.0001). Hispanic women had higher rates of diabetes (p=0.009) and no place to go for healthcare (p=0.005) compared to White women. Food insecurity was present in 34% of Hispanic women. Conclusions: Despite effective diagnostics and therapy, health inequity is common in women of child-bearing age with HTN, with differences by race/ethnicity in social determinants and co-morbid conditions. Each racial/ethnic group with HTN brings social determinants and comorbid conditions important for providers to recognize.

scholarly journals Maternal Race–Ethnicity, Immigrant Status, Country of Birth, and the Odds of a Child With Autism

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 ◽  
pp. 2329048X1668812 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jenny Fairthorne ◽  
Nick de Klerk ◽  
Helen M. Leonard ◽  
Laura A. Schieve ◽  
Marshalyn Yeargin-Allsopp
Keyword(s):  
Autism Spectrum Disorder ◽  
Intellectual Disability ◽  
Black Women ◽  
Immigrant Women ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Spectrum Disorder ◽  
Australian State ◽  
Study Population ◽  
Race Ethnicity ◽  
Maternal Race

The risk of autism spectrum disorder varies by maternal race–ethnicity, immigration status, and birth region. In this retrospective cohort study, Western Australian state registries and a study population of 134 204 mothers enabled us to examine the odds of autism spectrum disorder with intellectual disability in children born from 1994 to 2005 by the aforementioned characteristics. We adjusted for maternal age, parity, socioeconomic status, and birth year. Indigenous women were 50% less likely to have a child with autism spectrum disorder with intellectual disability than Caucasian, nonimmigrant women. Overall, immigrant women were 40% less likely to have a child with autism spectrum disorder with intellectual disability than nonimmigrant women. However, Black women from East Africa had more than 3.5 times the odds of autism spectrum disorder with intellectual disability in their children than Caucasian nonimmigrant women. Research is implicated on risk and protective factors for autism spectrum disorder with intellectual disability in the children of immigrant women.

scholarly journals SLE mortality remains disproportionately high, despite improvements over the last decade

Lupus ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 27 (10) ◽  
pp. 1577-1581 ◽  
Author(s):  
R R Singh ◽  
E Y Yen
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
General Population ◽  
Lupus Erythematosus ◽  
The United States ◽  
Mortality Rates ◽  
Public Health Issue ◽  
Public Health Programs ◽  
The Past ◽  
Geographic Differences ◽  
Race Ethnicity

Despite a marked improvement in 10-year survival for systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) patients over the past five decades, mortality rates from SLE remain high compared to those in the general population. SLE was also among the leading causes of death in young women in the United States during 2000–2015. However, it is encouraging that SLE mortality rates and the ratios of SLE mortality rates to non-SLE mortality rates have decreased every year since the late 1990s. Despite this improvement, disparities in SLE mortality persist according to sex, race, age, and place of residence. Furthermore, demographic and geographic variables seem to modify the effect of each other in influencing SLE mortality, leading to interactions between sex/race/ethnicity-associated factors and geographic differences. In other words, individuals of the same sex/race/ethnicity had differences in SLE mortality depending on where they lived. These observations highlight SLE as an important public health issue. The recognition of SLE as a leading cause of death in the general population might spur targeted public health programs and research funding to address the high lupus mortality.

scholarly journals Sexual Orientation Disparities in BMI among US Adolescents and Young Adults in Three Race/Ethnicity Groups

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sabra L. Katz-Wise ◽  
Emily A. Blood ◽  
Carly E. Milliren ◽  
Jerel P. Calzo ◽  
Tracy K. Richmond ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Sexual Orientation ◽  
Sexual Minority ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Public Health Issue ◽  
Linear Regression Models ◽  
Black African ◽  
Minority Males ◽  
Race Ethnicity ◽  
Using Data

Obesity is a key public health issue for US youth. Previous research with primarily white samples of youth has indicated that sexual minority females have higher body mass index (BMI) and sexual minority males have lower BMI than their same-gender heterosexual counterparts, with sexual orientation differences in males increasing across adolescence. This research explored whether gender and sexual orientation differences in BMI exist in nonwhite racial/ethnic groups. Using data from Waves I–IV (1995–2009) of the US National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health (N= 13,306, ages 11–34 years), we examined associations between sexual orientation and BMI (kg/m2) over time, using longitudinal linear regression models, stratified by gender and race/ethnicity. Data were analyzed in 2013. Among males, heterosexual individuals showed greater one-year BMI gains than gay males across all race/ethnicity groups. Among females, white and Latina bisexual individuals had higher BMI than same-race/ethnicity heterosexual individuals regardless of age; there were no sexual orientation differences in black/African Americans. Sexual orientation disparities in BMI are a public health concern across race/ethnicity groups. Interventions addressing unhealthy weight gain in youth must be relevant for all sexual orientations and race/ethnicities.

scholarly journals Racial and Ethnic Disparities in Maternal and Infant Outcomes Among Opioid-Exposed Mother–Infant Dyads in Massachusetts (2017–2019)

2020 ◽  
Vol 110 (12) ◽  
pp. 1828-1836
Author(s):  
Mary Peeler ◽  
Munish Gupta ◽  
Patrice Melvin ◽  
Allison S. Bryant ◽  
Hafsatou Diop ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Black Women ◽  
White Women ◽  
Hispanic Women ◽  
Ethnic Disparities ◽  
Opioid Use Disorder ◽  
Opioid Use ◽  
Infant Outcomes ◽  
Race Ethnicity ◽  
Hispanic White ◽  
Maternal Race

Objectives. To examine the extent to which differences in medication for opioid use disorder (MOUD) in pregnancy and infant neonatal opioid withdrawal syndrome (NOWS) outcomes are associated with maternal race/ethnicity. Methods. We performed a secondary analysis of a statewide quality improvement database of opioid-exposed deliveries from January 2017 to April 2019 from 24 hospitals in Massachusetts. We used multivariable mixed-effects logistic regression to model the association between maternal race/ethnicity (non-Hispanic White, non-Hispanic Black, or Hispanic) and prenatal receipt of MOUD, NOWS severity, early intervention referral, and biological parental custody at discharge. Results. Among 1710 deliveries to women with opioid use disorder, 89.3% (n = 1527) were non-Hispanic White. In adjusted models, non-Hispanic Black women (AOR = 0.34; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.18, 0.66) and Hispanic women (AOR = 0.43; 95% CI = 0.27, 0.68) were less likely to receive MOUD during pregnancy compared with non-Hispanic White women. We found no statistically significant associations between maternal race/ethnicity and infant outcomes. Conclusions. We identified significant racial/ethnic differences in MOUD prenatal receipt that persisted in adjusted models. Research should focus on the perspectives and treatment experiences of non-Hispanic Black and Hispanic women to ensure equitable care for all mother–infant dyads.

Socio-demographic and Clinical Characteristics of Patient with Thyroid Cancer

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 54-58
Author(s):  
AKM Farhad Hossain ◽  
Md Mahmudur Rahman Siddiqui ◽  
Sayada Fatema Khatun
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Thyroid Cancer ◽  
Clinical Characteristics ◽  
Family Income ◽  
Ethical Issues ◽  
Endocrine System ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Follicular Carcinoma ◽  
Public Health Issue ◽  
Cross Sectional

Background: Thyroid cancer is the most common malignant disease in endocrine system. It is an emerging public health issue associated with burden on the family, community and the nation. The aim of this study is to determine the socio-demographic and clinical characteristics of patient with thyroid cancer attending in tertiary hospital. Methods: This cross sectional study was conducted among 246 thyroid cancer patients in two tertiary hospitals of Dhaka city from 01 July 2018 to 30 June 2019. The subjects were selected purposively following specific selection criteria and maintaining ethical issues. Data were collected by face to face interview using a semi-structured questionnaire and checklist. Data were analyzed by the statistical package for the social science (SPSS) version 23. Results: This study revealed that majority (74.4%) of respondents was female, married (72%), housewife (61.4%), rural respondent (41.1%) and had primary education (69%). Mean (± SD) age of the respondent was 37.85(±12.20) years (Range 14-70 years) and mean (± SD) monthly family income was Tk. 17681(±10602). Out of 246 cases, 204 (82.9%) was papillary and 42 (17.1%) was follicular carcinoma. Various clinical presentations included visible neck swelling in 225 (91.5%), swollen lymph node in 103 (41.9%), pain 90 (36.6%), Difficulties in swallowing 87 (35.4%), Hoarseness of voice in 141 (57.3%), cough along with swelling 47(19.1%), Difficulties in breathing due to swelling in 13(5.3%) of the patients. Conclusion: Incidence of thyroid cancer has increased worldwide specially in female patients in 3rd and 4th decades of life. As thyroid cancer is a growing public health problem in Bangladesh, proper screening and early diagnostic facilities at all level should be available to measure its actual burden in the country. Anwer Khan Modern Medical College Journal Vol. 11, No. 1: Jan 2020, P 54-58

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