Risk factors for emerging intraocular inflammation after intravitreal brolucizumab injection for age-related macular degeneration

Purpose To analyze the risk factors associated with emerging intraocular inflammation (IOI) after intravitreal brolucizumab injection (IVBr) to treat age-related macular degeneration (AMD). Methods This study included 93 eyes of 90 patients. The incidence of emerging IOI was analyzed. The patients were classified into IOI or non-IOI groups, and background clinical characteristics in each group were compared. Results IOI occurred in 14 eyes of 14 cases (16%; five women, nine men [5:9]; IOI group) after IVBr; contrastingly, no IOI occurred in 76 patients (10 women, 66 men [10:66]; non-IOI group). The mean ages in IOI and non-IOI groups were 79.4 ± 8.1 and 73.8 ± 8.9 years old, respectively, and the average age in the IOI group was significantly higher than that in the non-IOI group (P = 0.0425). In addition, the percentages of females in the IOI and non-IOI groups were 43% and 13%, respectively, and IOI occurred predominantly in females (odds ratio: 4.95, P = 0.0076). Moreover, the prevalence of diabetes in the IOI and non-IOI groups was 64% and 32%, respectively, with a significant difference (odds ratio: 3.90, P = 0.0196). In contrast, the prevalence of hypertension in the IOI and non-IOI groups was 36% and 57%, respectively, with no significant difference (P = 0.15). Conclusion The comparison of clinical profiles of IOI or non-IOI cases in IVBr treatment for AMD suggests that the risk factors for IOI are old age, female sex, and history of diabetes; however, IOI with vasculitis or vascular occlusion in this cohort does not seem to cause severe visual impairment. Further studies are required to investigate potential risk factors for IOI.

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Incidence of elevated intraocular pressure after intravitreal injection in Japanese patients with age-related macular degeneration

Scientific Reports ◽

10.1038/s41598-021-91832-w ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Maiko Maruyama-Inoue ◽

Tatsuya Inoue ◽

Shaheeda Mohamed ◽

Yoko Kitajima ◽

Shoko Ikeda ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Intraocular Pressure ◽

Macular Degeneration ◽

Intravitreal Injection ◽

Odds Ratio ◽

Japanese Patients ◽

Age Related Macular Degeneration ◽

Age Related ◽

Elevated Intraocular Pressure ◽

History Of

AbstractThe purpose of this study was to report the incidence of elevated intraocular pressure (IOP) after intravitreal injection (IVI) of anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in Japanese patients with age-related macular degeneration (AMD). A retrospective study of chart review of patients who underwent ≥ 10 intravitreal anti-VEGF injections between April 2009 and December 2019 was conducted. Elevated IOP was defined as IOP ≥ 25 mmHg at one visit. Cases with elevated IOP resulting from IVI were identified. Furthermore, the association between elevated IOP and some parameters, as the risk factors that influence elevated IOP, was investigated. A total of 402 eyes of 370 patients were included in this study. Twenty-eight eyes of 26 patients (7.0%) were identified as cases with elevated IOP after IVI. The mean time of elevation after baseline was 50.6 ± 26.5 months. History of glaucoma (p = 0.021; odds ratio, 5.85), treatment modality (p = 0.019; odds ratio, 6.32), and total number of injections (p = 0.003; odds ratio, 1.03) were significantly associated with elevated IOP. A late complication of elevated IOP is associated with IVI in patients with AMD. Particularly, history of glaucoma and treat and extend regimen with frequent injections were found to be risk factors of elevated IOP.

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Diabetes and other risk factors in patients with age-related macular degeneration

Romanian Journal of Diabetes Nutrition and Metabolic Diseases ◽

10.2478/rjdnmd-2013-0036 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 20 (4) ◽

pp. 369-378

Author(s):

Valeria Mocanu ◽

Rózsa Dégi ◽

Andrea Facskó ◽

Eszter Vizvári ◽

Raluca Horhat ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Macular Degeneration ◽

Smoking Status ◽

Age Related Macular Degeneration ◽

Ophthalmological Examination ◽

Age Related ◽

Potential Risk Factors ◽

History Of ◽

Optical Coherence Tomograph ◽

Sd Oct

Abstract Background and aims: Our aim was to evaluate the association between the potential risk factors and the different stages of age-related macular degeneration (AMD) in a population aged 52-85 years. Material and methods: One hundred and ten patients with different stages of AMD were evaluated by direct interview for identifying possible present factors risk and were subjected to a detailed ophthalmological examination, including measurement of the macular area by the Spectral Domain-Optical Coherence Tomograph Heidelberg Engineering (SD-OCT). For the grading of AMD we used the International Classification and Grading System for Age-Related Maculopathy. Results: In our study, diabetes, arterial hypertension, dyslipidemia and smoking were risk factors for AMD. A longer history of diabetes or smoking status was associated with stage 3 or 4 of AMD. We found no statistical significant association between pseudophakia and AMD. Conclusions: Further investigation is needed to identify and to clarify the association between these possible risk factors and AMD.

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Thyroidopathy and Age-Related Macular Degeneration: Is There Any Correlation

Biomedicine Hub ◽

10.1159/000454706 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 2 (1) ◽

pp. 1-3 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Irini Chatziralli ◽

Panagiotis G. Mitropoulos ◽

Dimitrios Niakas ◽

Georgios Labiris

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Macular Degeneration ◽

Potential Risk ◽

Demographic Data ◽

Medical Data ◽

Age Related Macular Degeneration ◽

Age Related ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Potential Risk Factors ◽

Walking Exercise

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to evaluate whether inherent sociodemographic parameters, lifestyle features, as well as medical data may be potential risk factors for the presence of age-related macular degeneration (AMD). Methods: Participants in our study were 114 patients with AMD, 63 males and 51 females, and 100 control subjects without any ocular disease. Demographic data, lifestyle data, medical history, and comorbidities were recorded and analyzed as potential risk factors for the presence of AMD. Results: There was no statistically significant difference between patients and controls regarding age, gender, smoking, alcohol consumption, walking, exercise, presence of hypertension, diabetes mellitus, myoskeletal problems, migraine, and cancer. Marital status, higher educational level, cardiovascular disorders, and thyroidopathy were found to be significantly associated with AMD. Conclusions: Apart from already reported risk factors for AMD, thyroidopathy was associated with AMD.

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Prevalence and characteristics of macular atrophy in eyes with neovascular age-related macular degeneration. A study from a long-term observational dataset: the Fight Retinal Blindness! project

British Journal of Ophthalmology ◽

10.1136/bjophthalmol-2019-315055 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 104 (8) ◽

pp. 1064-1069

Author(s):

Vincent Daien ◽

Vuong Nguyen ◽

Rohan W Essex ◽

Robin Guymer ◽

Jennifer J Arnold ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Macular Degeneration ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Age Related Macular Degeneration ◽

Vegf Inhibitors ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Macular Atrophy ◽

Anti Vegf ◽

Age Related ◽

History Of

BackgroundTo assess the prevalence and characteristics associated with macular atrophy (MA) in eyes with neovascular age-related macular degeneration (nAMD) treated with vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) inhibitors.MethodsThis was a retrospective, cross-sectional study of nAMD eyes that commenced anti-VEGF between January 2006 and August 2016. MA (absent/extrafoveal/subfoveal) was graded by treating practitioners based on multimodal imaging from April 2016. The prevalence of MA over time and risk factors of MA were assessed.ResultsThe prevalence of MA in a cohort of 1689 eyes was 9.9% (22/222) in eyes within 1 year of starting treatment, 41.5% (71/171) after 5 years and 48.4% (30/62) after 9 years of treatment. Risk factors for subfoveal MA included the proportion of visits at which the lesion was graded as inactive ((adjusted OR (AOR) 3.72 for the highest vs lowest the quartile of frequency of inactive gradings (95% CI 2.33 to 6.07)), age (AOR 1.05 per year (95% CI 1.02 to 1.07)), baseline visual acuity (AOR 3.9 for ≤35 letters vs ≥70 letters (95% CI 2.4 to 6.4)) and the number of injections received (AOR 1.20 every 10 injections (95% CI 1.08 to 1.33)). Similar associations were observed with extrafoveal MA.ConclusionsThe risk of MA appeared to drop in eyes that had not developed it within 5 years. Low choroidal neovascularisation activity was by far the strongest predictor. We could not determine whether the increased prevalence of MA with time was due to anti-VEGF treatment or the natural history of the condition.

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Thyroid dysfunction as a modifiable risk factor for age-related macular degeneration: A case-control investigation

10.21203/rs.3.rs-44137/v1 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Mohsen Farvardin ◽

Seyed esmaeil mousavi ◽

Kamran Zare ◽

Somaye Bazdar ◽

Zahra Farvardin ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Macular Degeneration ◽

Thyroid Dysfunction ◽

Case Control ◽

Age Related Macular Degeneration ◽

Control Groups ◽

Age Related ◽

Significant Difference ◽

History Of ◽

And Control ◽

Wet Amd

Abstract Background: Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is regarded amongst as a common conditions resulting in visual impairment in elderly. Age and gender are unmodifiable risk factors for AMD, obesity, smoking, and hyperlipidemia are known to be modifiable culprits. This has remained controversial for hypertension and thyroid dysfunction. The present study attempted to investigate possible links between thyroid dysfunction and incidence of wet AMD.Methods: The present case-control study enrolled a total number of 90 patients with wet AMD and 90sex-, age-matched control subjects through a convenient sequential sampling method. Thyroid hormones were profiled in serum assay. Statistical measures were done to compare means between groups.Results: Our findings showed a significant difference in free T4 levels between the between wet AMD and control groups (p = 0.002), though this has not been the case for T3 and TSH l. In addition, there were no differences in serum lipid profile between groups. Although there found to be no significant difference in the past history of hypertension and hyperlipidemia between wet AMD and control groups, history of smoking was higher in controls) (p = 0.039).Conclusion: Based on our findings retinal examination and proper screening need to perhaps be a part of the overall health examination especially in elderly subjects with thyroid dysfunction. The clinical significance and related recommendations on the above need ti substantiated in future community-based research.

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Lutein as a Contributing Modulator of Age-related Macular Degeneration

US Ophthalmic Review ◽

10.17925/usor.2012.05.01.57 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 05 (01) ◽

pp. 57

Author(s):

Clyde Schultz ◽

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Body Weight ◽

Macular Degeneration ◽

Age Related Macular Degeneration ◽

Leafy Vegetables ◽

Green Leafy Vegetables ◽

Age Related ◽

History Of ◽

Available Information ◽

Oral Supplement

Lutein is a small-molecule carotenoid that has been studied with varying degrees of interest in both general nutrition and ophthalmology. This molecule is derived from green leafy vegetables (as well as commercially available dietary supplements) and has been postulated to act as a modulator in retinal health, specifically as a factor in the prevention of macular degeneration. The available clinical data do not suggest that lutein or the carotenoid zeaxanthin have any inherent toxicity. The presence of either or both has been linked to the prevention, but not necessarily the treatment, of macular degeneration. The available information may suggest that lutein intake as an oral supplement, coupled with awareness (and where possible modulation) of certain risk factors such as elevated body weight, smoking, and a family history of AMD, taken as part of an entire personalized treatment regimen, could positively impact the development of age-related macular degeneration.

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Age-Related Macular Degeneration in Nepal

Kathmandu University Medical Journal ◽

10.3126/kumj.v9i3.6298 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 9 (3) ◽

pp. 165-169 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

R Thapa ◽

G Paudyal ◽

M K Shrestha ◽

R Gurung ◽

S Ruit

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Macular Degeneration ◽

Age Groups ◽

Significant Risk ◽

Age Related Macular Degeneration ◽

Bilateral Involvement ◽

Age Related ◽

History Of ◽

Dry Amd ◽

Wet Amd

Background The Age–related Macular Degeneration (AMD) is a common cause of visual impairment and blindness worldwide in elderly. Objective This study aimed to explore the demographic characteristics, pattern and risk factors for AMD at a tertiary referral eye centre in Nepal. Methods This is a hospital-based prospective study, conducted at Tilganga Institute of Ophthalmology, Nepal from September 2008 to May 2009. All the consecutive cases of AMD diagnosed at the institute were included. Results A total of 141 patients (266 eyes) with AMD recruited for the study. The mean age was 69.5 years (9.1SD) with three fifth males (58.9%). Housewives and occupations like agriculture comprised of 38.3% and 42.5% respectively. Three fourth (75.6%) of the patients were illiterate. The proportion of dry and wet AMD were found in 62.4% and 37.6% respectively. Bilateral involvement was seen in 88.7% of the subjects. Three fourth (71.4%) of the AMD eyes had presenting visual acuity less than 6/18. History of smoking was found in 69.9% of patients. Hypertension was the predominant systemic problem (45.4%) followed by diabetes mellitus (12.8%). Conclusion AMD is correlated with ageing in our study as well. Dry AMD is more in age groups 45-64 years and wet AMD at 65 years and older. Bilateral involvement with one eye dry and fellow eye wet AMD is more predominant (44%). Smoking and occupations like agriculture and housewife are significant risk factors for AMD. Likewise male sex, illiteracy and hypertension are other risk factors for AMD in hospital settings.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/kumj.v9i3.6298 Kathmandu Univ Med J 2011;9(3):165-9

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Possible Association of Periodontal Disease and Macular Degeneration: A Case-Control Study

Dentistry Journal ◽

10.3390/dj9010001 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 9 (1) ◽

pp. 1

Author(s):

Federica Di Spirito ◽

Michele La Rocca ◽

Maddalena De Bernardo ◽

Nicola Rosa ◽

Carolina Sbordone ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Periodontal Disease ◽

Macular Degeneration ◽

Case Control Study ◽

Case Control ◽

Age Related Macular Degeneration ◽

Case Group ◽

Age Related ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Control Study

Oral pathogens have been identified in bioptic specimens from Age-Related Macular Degeneration (ARMD) patients, and alveolar bone loss has been related to ARMD. Therefore, the possible association between ARMD and periodontal disease was investigated in the present case-control study, evaluating clinical and radiographic periodontal parameters, primarily, in cases vs. controls and, secondarily, in relation to ARMD risk factors, in cases, to highlight a possible pathogenic link between the disorders. Forty ARMD cases and 40 non-ARMD controls, matched for age (±3 years) and gender and homogeneous for ARMD risk factors, therefore comparable, underwent full-mouth periodontal charting, panoramic radiograph, and medical data, including ARMD risk factors, collection. Statistical analysis was conducted using the language R. Comparisons between groups were made using both traditional t-tests and Yuen’s test with bootstrap calibration. Enrolled subjects were ≥55 years old, and 50 females and 30 males were equally distributed among the two groups. No statistically significant difference was found in clinical and radiographic periodontal parameters in cases vs. controls. In the case group, no differences were found when relating the periodontal parameters to ARMD risk factors, except for Clinical Attachment Level values that were statistically significantly higher in hypertensive ARMD subjects. A possible association between periodontal disease and ARMD may be hypothesized in hypertensive ARMD subjects, with hypertension as a possible pathogenic link between the disorders.

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Neovascular Macular Degeneration: A Review of Etiology, Risk Factors, and Recent Advances in Research and Therapy

International Journal of Molecular Sciences ◽

10.3390/ijms22031170 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 22 (3) ◽

pp. 1170

Author(s):

Arunbalaji Pugazhendhi ◽

Margaret Hubbell ◽

Pooja Jairam ◽

Balamurali Ambati

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Macular Degeneration ◽

Kinase Inhibitors ◽

Rho Kinase ◽

The Elderly ◽

Age Related Macular Degeneration ◽

Gene Therapies ◽

Rho Kinase Inhibitors ◽

Age Related ◽

Endothelial Growth Factor

Neovascular age-related macular degeneration (exudative or wet AMD) is a prevalent, progressive retinal degenerative macular disease that is characterized by neovascularization of the choroid, mainly affecting the elderly population causing gradual vision impairment. Risk factors such as age, race, genetics, iris color, smoking, drinking, BMI, and diet all play a part in nvAMD’s progression, with anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (anti-VEGF) therapy being the mainstay of treatment. Current therapeutic advancements slow the progression of the disease but do not cure or reverse its course. Newer therapies such as gene therapies, Rho-kinase inhibitors, and levodopa offer potential new targets for treatment.

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