scholarly journals French validation of the Weight Efficacy Life-Style questionnaire (WEL): Links with mood, self-esteem and stress among the general population and a clinical sample of individuals with overweight and obesity

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (11) ◽  
pp. e0259885
Author(s):  
Natalija Plasonja ◽  
Anna Brytek-Matera ◽  
Greg Décamps
Keyword(s):  
General Population ◽  
Life Style ◽  
Self Efficacy ◽  
Clinical Sample ◽  
Population Sample ◽  
Overweight And Obesity ◽  
Clinical Samples ◽  
Confirmatory Factor Analyses ◽  
Item Questionnaire ◽  
French Validation

Eating self-efficacy refers to a person’s belief in their ability to regulate eating. Although the Weight Efficacy Life-Style questionnaire (WEL) is one of the most widely used eating self-efficacy tools, its French validation is lacking. The objective of this research was to validate a French version of the WEL in a general and a clinical sample, and to explore the links between eating self-efficacy and psychosocial variables. In study 1, the general population sample included 432 adults (93% of women, mean age = 43.18 ± 11.93 years). In study 2, the clinical sample included 2010 adults with overweight and obesity (87% of women, mean age = 44.44 ± 11.25 years). Exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses were performed. Two distinct versions of the WEL were retained: a 12-item questionnaire intended for use in the general population, named WEL-Fr-G, and an 11-item questionnaire for clinical samples, named WEL-Fr-C. The two French versions of the WEL presented strong reliability and sensibility. In addition, study 2 provided support for the measurement invariance of the WEL-Fr-C across sex and Body Mass Index. The two versions are therefore psychometrically sound instruments for assessing eating self-efficacy in the general population (WEL-Fr-G) and clinical samples (WEL-Fr-C).

Psychometric properties of Persian version of Cognitive Behavioural Avoidance Scale: results from student, general population and clinical samples in Iran

2020 ◽  
Vol 48 (6) ◽  
pp. 705-716
Author(s):  
Reza Moloodi ◽  
Keith Dobson ◽  
Ladan Fata ◽  
Abbas Pourshahbaz ◽  
Parvaneh Mohammadkhani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Factor Analysis ◽  
General Population ◽  
Psychometric Properties ◽  
Clinical Sample ◽  
Population Sample ◽  
Clinical Samples ◽  
Depression Symptoms ◽  
General Population Sample ◽  
Student Sample ◽  
Persian Version

AbstractBackground:There is no published evidence about the psychometric properties of the Cognitive Behavioral Avoidance Scale (CBAS) in Eastern cultures.Aims:The current research evaluated the psychometric properties of a Persian version of the CBAS.Method:The research consisted of two studies. In Study 1, a university student sample (n = 702) completed the CBAS, the Beck Depression Inventory-II, the Thought Control Questionnaire and the Anxious Thoughts Inventory. In Study 2, a general population sample (n = 384) and a clinical sample (n = 152) completed the CBAS, the Young Compensation Inventory and the Depression, Anxiety, Stress Scale-21.Results:Exploratory factor analysis of the data from Study 1 suggested a four-factor solution for CBAS. The CBAS had acceptable internal consistency and test–re-test reliability, and showed significant correlations with depression symptoms and anxious thoughts. Confirmatory factor analysis of the data from Study 2 indicated good fit between the four-factor model and data. The CBAS had a significant relationship with depression, anxiety and stress symptoms, but no associations with schema compensatory behaviour strategy. Finally, the CBAS and its subscales successfully distinguished a clinical sample from a general population sample.Conclusions:The findings provide preliminary evidence for reliability and validity of the CBAS among Iranian student, general population and clinical samples.

scholarly journals Two-factor higher-order model of perfectionism in Iranian general and clinical samples

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Reza Moloodi ◽  
Abbas Pourshahbaz ◽  
Parvaneh Mohammadkhani ◽  
Ladan Fata ◽  
Ata Ghaderi
Keyword(s):  
General Population ◽  
Clinical Sample ◽  
Population Sample ◽  
Higher Order ◽  
Clinical Samples ◽  
Order Model ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive ◽  
Depression Anxiety Stress Scale ◽  
Compulsive Disorder ◽  
Males And Females

Abstract Background Studies in Western cultures have shown that perfectionism is conceptualized by two-factor higher-order model including perfectionistic strivings and perfectionistic concerns. However, little is known about the construct of perfectionism in Eastern societies. Thus, we examined the two-factor higher-order model of perfectionism in Iranian general and clinical samples. Methods We recruited a general population sample (n = 384) and patients with major depressive disorder, obsessive compulsive disorder, social anxiety disorder, and eating disorders (n = 152) from Tehran, Iran from September 2016 to December 2017. They completed the Clinical Perfectionism Questionnaire, Perfectionism Inventory, and Depression, Anxiety, Stress Scale-21. Results The two-factor higher-order model of perfectionism showed adequate fit with data for females from the general population and clinical sample. Data for males were only available from the general population, and the model showed adequate fit with the data first after removing the Rumination scale of the perfectionistic concerns. The perfectionistic strivings dimension showed no or negative association with depression, anxiety, and stress symptoms, but perfectionistic concerns dimension showed positive correlation with these indices in all samples for both males and females. Conclusions The results support the two-factor higher-order model of perfectionism in samples of Iranian females from the general population and clinical sample. However, the results were different for males from the general population. In other words, the modified two-factor higher-order model showed acceptable fit with the data for males from the general population only after removing the Rumination scale from perfectionistic concerns. These differences among males and females were discussed.

The Prevalence of Symptoms of Depression in An Australian General Population

1980 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 65-71 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. G. Byrne
Keyword(s):  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
General Population ◽  
Random Sample ◽  
Clinical Sample ◽  
Depression Scale ◽  
Clinical Samples ◽  
Demographic Differences ◽  
Symptoms Of Depression ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Depressive States

The prevalence of depressive symptoms was estimated in a random sample of an Australian general population by administration of the Zung Self-Rating Depression Scale (S.D.S.). Rates, calculated according to criteria derived from a previously studied clinical sample, were somewhat higher in this population than had been reported in similar studies elsewhere. It was reasoned that this finding related to the relative laxity of criteria employed in the present study. Socio-demographic influences on the reporting of depressive symptoms were evident, the most prominent of these being the sex of the subject. It was suggested that these influences may underlie socio-demographic differences in rates of recognized depressive states occurring within clinical samples.

scholarly journals Is Adolescent Body Weight Associated With Parental Beliefs About Overweight, Attitudes Towards Food, and the Home Environment?

2015 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 104 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dörthe Krömker ◽  
Andreas Stolberg ◽  
Claudia Müller ◽  
Zhe Tian ◽  
Alexandr Parlesak
Keyword(s):  
Home Environment ◽  
Healthy Eating ◽  
Self Efficacy ◽  
Weight Status ◽  
Clinical Sample ◽  
Overweight And Obesity ◽  
Social Cognitions ◽  
Response Efficacy ◽  
Perceived Benefit ◽  
Regular Family

<p>Parents play a crucial role in the development of childhood overweight and also in controling overweight. This study investigated a broad set of parental factors, including general attitudes towards food (price, identity, cooking, ecology, mood, dieting, convenience, functionality), social cognitions concerning overweight (risk perception, self-efficacy for exercising and healthy eating, response efficacy for exercising and healthy eating) and characteristics of the home environment (restriction of snacks, regular family meals, parents involved in sports) and their association with their children’s zBMI, i.e. adolescents between 12-19 years old. In a non-clinical sample of 842 parent-adolescent dyads we found that the zBMI is most strongly and positively associated with parental dieting attitudes and negatively with parents’ self-efficacy to motivate their children to exercise. The zBMI is negatively and weakly associated with dislike of cooking, identification with the way of eating and the perceived benefit of healthy eating (response efficacy). Half of the parents assessed their children’s overweight and obesity correctly, while the other half underestimated it. No difference was found with respect to all investigated variables (general attitudes, social cognitions concerning overweight and home environment) between parents who correctly perceive and those who misperceive their children’s weight status.</p>

Dimensions of depression, mania and psychosis in the general population

2004 ◽  
Vol 34 (7) ◽  
pp. 1177-1186 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. KRABBENDAM ◽  
I. MYIN-GERMEYS ◽  
R. DE GRAAF ◽  
W. VOLLEBERGH ◽  
W. A. NOLEN ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
General Population ◽  
Sleep Problems ◽  
Population Sample ◽  
Composite International Diagnostic Interview ◽  
Diagnostic Interview ◽  
Clinical Samples ◽  
Underlying Structure ◽  
Strongly Correlated ◽  
Symptom Dimensions ◽  
Symptoms Of Depression

Background. In order to investigate whether correlated but separable symptom dimensions that have been identified in clinical samples also have a distribution in the general population, the underlying structure of symptoms of depression, mania and psychosis was studied in a general population sample of 7072 individuals.Method. Data were obtained from the three measurements of the Netherlands Mental Health Survey and Incidence Study (NEMESIS). Symptoms of depression, mania and the positive symptoms of psychosis were assessed using the Composite International Diagnostic Interview. Confirmatory factor-analysis was used to test statistically the fit of hypothesized models of one, two, three or seven dimensions.Results. The seven-dimensional model comprising core depression, sleep problems, suicidal thoughts, mania, paranoid delusions, first-rank delusions and hallucinations fitted the data best, whereas the unidimensional model obtained the poorest fit. This pattern of results could be replicated at both follow-up measurements. The results were similar for the subsamples with and without a lifetime DSM-III-R diagnosis. The seven dimensions were moderately to strongly correlated, with correlations ranging from 0·18 to 0·73 (mean 0·45).Conclusions. In the general population, seven correlated but separable dimensions of experiences exist that resemble dimensions of psychopathology seen in clinical samples with severe mental illness. The substantial correlations between these dimensions in clinical and non-clinical samples may suggest that there is aetiological overlap between the different dimensions regardless of level of severity and diagnosable disorder.

Construct Validity of the WISC-V in Clinical Cases: Exploratory and Confirmatory Factor Analyses of the 10 Primary Subtests

Assessment ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
pp. 274-296 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gary L. Canivez ◽  
Ryan J. McGill ◽  
Stefan C. Dombrowski ◽  
Marley W. Watkins ◽  
Alison E. Pritchard ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Factor Analysis ◽  
Factor Model ◽  
Clinical Sample ◽  
Clinical Samples ◽  
General Factor ◽  
General Intelligence ◽  
Confirmatory Factor Analyses ◽  
Five Factors ◽  
Confirmatory Factor ◽  
Variance Estimates

Independent exploratory factor analysis (EFA) and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) research with the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children–Fifth Edition (WISC-V) standardization sample has failed to provide support for the five group factors proposed by the publisher, but there have been no independent examinations of the WISC-V structure among clinical samples. The present study examined the latent structure of the 10 WISC-V primary subtests with a large ( N = 2,512), bifurcated clinical sample (EFA, n = 1,256; CFA, n = 1,256). EFA did not support five factors as there were no salient subtest factor pattern coefficients on the fifth extracted factor. EFA indicated a four-factor model resembling the WISC-IV with a dominant general factor. A bifactor model with four group factors was supported by CFA as suggested by EFA. Variance estimates from both EFA and CFA found that the general intelligence factor dominated subtest variance and omega-hierarchical coefficients supported interpretation of the general intelligence factor. In both EFA and CFA, group factors explained small portions of common variance and produced low omega-hierarchical subscale coefficients, indicating that the group factors were of poor interpretive value.

scholarly journals Attachment style, psychotic phenomena and the relationship with aggression: an investigation in a general population sample

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 47-58
Author(s):  
Katherine Whale ◽  
Kathleen Green ◽  
Kevin Browne
Keyword(s):  
General Population ◽  
Attachment Style ◽  
Attachment Styles ◽  
Population Sample ◽  
Explanatory Models ◽  
Clinical Samples ◽  
General Population Sample ◽  
Psychotic Experiences ◽  
Content Type ◽  
The Relationship

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to explore the relationship between attachment style, sub-clinical symptoms of psychosis and aggression in a general population sample.Design/methodology/approachUsing both convenience and snowball sampling, participants in the community (n=213) completed an online questionnaire including previously validated measures of adult attachment, aggression and psychotic experiences.FindingsResults suggested that there were statistically significant correlations between all study variables. Multiple linear regression demonstrated that total psychotic-like experiences and attachment scores significantly predicted variance in total aggression. Moderation approaches revealed that the relationship between psychotic-like events and aggression was stronger in individuals with more insecure attachment styles.Research limitations/implicationsThis generalisability of the results is compromised by the sampling methodology and the use of self-report tools. However, the significant results would support larger scale replications investigating similar variables.Originality/valueThis study suggests there is a relationship between psychotic-like experiences (PLEs) and facets of aggression in the general population. These results suggest that attachment is a contributing factor to aggression associated with PLEs, and highlight the need for similar investigations within clinical samples. The results imply that attachment may be a useful construct for explanatory models of the relationship between adverse childhood experiences, psychotic experiences and aggression.

scholarly journals Psychometric concerns with the 10-item Autism-Spectrum Quotient (AQ10) as a measure of trait autism in the general population

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emily C. Taylor ◽  
Lucy A. Livingston ◽  
Rachel A. Clutterbuck ◽  
Punit Shah
Keyword(s):  
General Population ◽  
Screening Tool ◽  
Clinical Sample ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Clinical Samples ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Autism Spectrum Quotient ◽  
Internal Reliability ◽  
Diagnostic Screening

AbstractThe 10-item Autism-Spectrum Quotient (AQ10) is a self-report questionnaire used in clinical and research settings as a diagnostic screening tool for autism in adults. The AQ10 is also increasingly being used to quantify trait autism along a unitary dimension and correlated against performance on other psychological/medical tasks. However, its psychometric properties have yet to be examined when used in this way. By analysing AQ10 data from a large non-clinical sample of adults (n = 6,595), we found that the AQ10 does not have a unifactorial factor structure, and instead appears to have several factors. The AQ10 also had poor internal reliability. Taken together, whilst the AQ10 has important clinical utility in screening for diagnosable autism, it may not be a psychometrically robust measure when administered in non-clinical samples from the general population. Therefore, we caution against its use as a measure of trait autism in future research.

scholarly journals General self-efficacy in the Norwegian population: Differences and similarities between sociodemographic groups

2018 ◽  
Vol 47 (7) ◽  
pp. 695-704 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tore Bonsaksen ◽  
Anners Lerdal ◽  
Trond Heir ◽  
Øivind Ekeberg ◽  
Laila Skogstad ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
General Population ◽  
Self Efficacy ◽  
Linear Regression Analysis ◽  
Population Sample ◽  
Male Gender ◽  
Sociodemographic Characteristics ◽  
Physical And Mental Health ◽  
Norwegian Population ◽  
Younger Age ◽  
General Self Efficacy

Aims: General self-efficacy (GSE) refers to optimistic self-beliefs of being able to perform and control behaviors, and is linked with various physical and mental health outcomes. Measures of self-efficacy are commonly used in health research with clinical populations, but are less explored in relationship to sociodemographic characteristics in general populations. This study investigated GSE in relation to sociodemographic characteristics in the general population in Norway. Methods: As part of a larger national survey, the GSE scale was administered to a general population sample, and 1787 out of 4961 eligible participants (response rate 36%) completed the scale. Group comparisons were conducted using independent t-tests and one-way analyses of variance. Linear regression analysis was used to examine factors independently associated with GSE. Results: GSE was lower for older compared to younger participants ( p < 0.001). It was higher for men compared to women ( p < 0.001), higher for those with higher levels of education compared to those with lower levels ( p < 0.001) and higher for those in work compared to their counterparts ( p < 0.001). Controlling for all variables, male gender and employment were independently associated with higher GSE. Age moderated the associations between gender and employment on one hand, and GSE on the other. The association between being male and having higher GSE was more pronounced in younger age, as was the association between being employed and having higher GSE. Conclusions: Male gender and being employed were related to higher GSE among persons in the general population in Norway, and these associations were stronger among persons of younger age. The findings are considered fairly representative for the Norwegian population.

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