scholarly journals General self-efficacy in the Norwegian population: Differences and similarities between sociodemographic groups

2018 ◽  
Vol 47 (7) ◽  
pp. 695-704 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tore Bonsaksen ◽  
Anners Lerdal ◽  
Trond Heir ◽  
Øivind Ekeberg ◽  
Laila Skogstad ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
General Population ◽  
Self Efficacy ◽  
Linear Regression Analysis ◽  
Population Sample ◽  
Male Gender ◽  
Sociodemographic Characteristics ◽  
Physical And Mental Health ◽  
Norwegian Population ◽  
Younger Age ◽  
General Self Efficacy

Aims: General self-efficacy (GSE) refers to optimistic self-beliefs of being able to perform and control behaviors, and is linked with various physical and mental health outcomes. Measures of self-efficacy are commonly used in health research with clinical populations, but are less explored in relationship to sociodemographic characteristics in general populations. This study investigated GSE in relation to sociodemographic characteristics in the general population in Norway. Methods: As part of a larger national survey, the GSE scale was administered to a general population sample, and 1787 out of 4961 eligible participants (response rate 36%) completed the scale. Group comparisons were conducted using independent t-tests and one-way analyses of variance. Linear regression analysis was used to examine factors independently associated with GSE. Results: GSE was lower for older compared to younger participants ( p < 0.001). It was higher for men compared to women ( p < 0.001), higher for those with higher levels of education compared to those with lower levels ( p < 0.001) and higher for those in work compared to their counterparts ( p < 0.001). Controlling for all variables, male gender and employment were independently associated with higher GSE. Age moderated the associations between gender and employment on one hand, and GSE on the other. The association between being male and having higher GSE was more pronounced in younger age, as was the association between being employed and having higher GSE. Conclusions: Male gender and being employed were related to higher GSE among persons in the general population in Norway, and these associations were stronger among persons of younger age. The findings are considered fairly representative for the Norwegian population.

scholarly journals General self-efficacy in individuals with visual impairment compared with the general population

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (7) ◽  
pp. e0254043
Author(s):  
Audun Brunes ◽  
Marianne B. Hansen ◽  
Trond Heir
Keyword(s):  
Life Satisfaction ◽  
General Population ◽  
Visual Impairment ◽  
Self Efficacy ◽  
Vision Loss ◽  
Previous History ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Norwegian Population ◽  
General Self Efficacy

Background Knowledge about self-efficacy and its significance for the quality of life of people with visual impairment is lacking. The aims of the study were to compare general self-efficacy in individuals with visual impairment with the general population, and to investigate the association between self-efficacy and life satisfaction. Methods A telephone-based cross-sectional survey was conducted between January and May 2017 in a probability sample of adults who were members of the Norwegian Association of the Blind and Partially Sighted. Participants were asked questions about their sociodemographic characteristics, characteristics of vision loss, general self-efficacy (General Self-efficacy Scale), and life satisfaction (Cantril’s Ladder of Life Satisfaction). We obtained norm data from a representative survey of the general Norwegian population (N = 1792; mean age 53.2 years; 52.5% females). Results People with visual impairment had higher levels of general self-efficacy than people in the general population (Mean: 31.5 versus 29.0, p < .001). Results from linear regression analyses of the visual impairment population showed that higher education and residential in an urban municipality were associated with higher self-efficacy. Having additional impairments and a previous history of physical or sexual assaults were associated with lower self-efficacy. A linear dose-response relationship was found between self-efficacy and life satisfaction, in the visual impairment population as well as in the general population. Conclusions People with visual impairment have higher self-efficacy than people in the general population, possibly due to extensive mastery experience in how to handle life as visually impaired. Self-efficacy seems to be important in achieving the best possible life.

scholarly journals Self-rated global health in the Norwegian general population

2019 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Tore Bonsaksen ◽  
Øivind Ekeberg ◽  
Laila Skogstad ◽  
Trond Heir ◽  
Tine K. Grimholt ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
General Population ◽  
Global Health ◽  
Response Rate ◽  
Linear Regression Analysis ◽  
Population Sample ◽  
Prevalence Studies ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Norwegian Population ◽  
Important Field ◽  
Score Range

Abstract Background Prevalence studies are needed to assess the distribution of diseases. However, in a contrasting health promotion perspective, self-rated health is in itself an important field of study. This study investigated self-rated global health in the general population in Norway. Methods As part of a national survey, a two-item measure of global health (score range 0–100) was administered to a general population sample, and 1776 of 4961 eligible participants (response rate 36%) responded. Group comparisons were conducted using independent t-tests and one-way analyses of variance, whereas factors associated with global health was investigated with linear regression analysis. Results In the adjusted analyses, better global health was associated with higher age (β = 0.13, p <  0.001), having higher education (β = 0.10, p <  0.001), being employed (β = 0.21, p <  0.001), and living with a spouse or partner (β = 0.05, p <  0.05). Conclusions While global health was similar for men and women in the Norwegian general population, other sociodemographic variables were linked with global health. In particular, the link between employment and self-rated global health was strong. The findings are considered representative for the Norwegian population.

scholarly journals Daily use of alcohol in the Norwegian general population: Prevalence and associated factors

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 109-121
Author(s):  
Tore Bonsaksen ◽  
Trond Heir ◽  
Laila Skogstad ◽  
Tine K. Grimholt ◽  
Øivind Ekeberg ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Psychological Distress ◽  
General Population ◽  
Self Efficacy ◽  
Major Public Health Problem ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Personal Resource ◽  
Harmful Use ◽  
General Self Efficacy ◽  
Harmful Use Of Alcohol

Purpose Harmful use of alcohol is a major public health problem. While harm is often researched in the context of heavy drinking episodes, high-frequency drinking, even when drinking moderate quantities, constitutes a health risk in a longer perspective. The purpose of this paper is to examine the prevalence of daily use of alcohol in the Norwegian general population and to assess sociodemographic, mental health-related and personal resource variables associated with daily use of alcohol. Design/methodology/approach A cross-sectional survey concerned with health, illness and serious life events was distributed to 5,500 persons in the general population in Norway (response rate 36%). Sociodemographic variables, personal resource variables (general self-efficacy, optimism and extraversion) and psychological distress (current anxiety and/or depression) were assessed with regards to their associations with daily drinking in unadjusted and adjusted regression models. Findings Daily use of alcohol was reported by 39 persons (2.2%) in the sample (3.1% of men and 1.4% of women). While general self-efficacy, optimism and extraversion were unrelated to daily drinking, the adjusted model revealed that male sex (OR: 2.18, p < 0.05), being unemployed/not in education (OR: 3.10, p < 0.05) and reporting current anxiety and/or depression (OR: 3.12, p < 0.01) were associated with daily use of alcohol. Originality/value The study has contributed to the knowledge about daily drinkers in a representative sample of the Norwegian population. A proportion of 2.2% was found to drink alcohol on a daily basis. Compared to their counterparts, the odds of daily drinking were higher for men, unemployed persons and persons reporting current psychological distress. Public health initiatives aiming at reducing harmful use of alcohol may pay particular attention to these subsets of the population.

General Self-efficacy and Its Relationship to Self-reported Mental Illness and Barriers to Care: A General Population Study

2014 ◽  
Vol 50 (6) ◽  
pp. 721-728 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lena M. C. Andersson ◽  
Chrystal Dea Moore ◽  
Gunnel Hensing ◽  
Gunilla Krantz ◽  
Carin Staland-Nyman
Keyword(s):  
Mental Illness ◽  
General Population ◽  
Population Study ◽  
Self Efficacy ◽  
Barriers To Care ◽  
General Population Study ◽  
General Self Efficacy

scholarly journals Self-diagnosed depression in the Norwegian general population – associations with neuroticism, extraversion, optimism, and general self-efficacy

2018 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Tore Bonsaksen ◽  
Tine K. Grimholt ◽  
Laila Skogstad ◽  
Anners Lerdal ◽  
Øivind Ekeberg ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
General Population ◽  
Self Efficacy ◽  
General Self Efficacy

scholarly journals Psychological Profile, Competitive Anxiety, Moods and Self-Efficacy in Beach Handball Players

2019 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 241 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rafael E. Reigal ◽  
Juan A. Vázquez-Diz ◽  
Juan P. Morillo-Baro ◽  
Antonio Hernández-Mendo ◽  
Verónica Morales-Sánchez
Keyword(s):  
Linear Regression ◽  
Self Efficacy ◽  
Linear Regression Analysis ◽  
Total Sample ◽  
Anxiety State ◽  
Psychological Profile ◽  
Predictive Capacity ◽  
Competitive Anxiety ◽  
Negative Coping ◽  
General Self Efficacy

The first objective of this research was to analyze the relationships between the sports psychological profile, competitive anxiety, mood and self-efficacy in beach handball players. The second objective was to determine the predictive capacity of the psychological profile on competitive anxiety, moods and self-efficacy, which was assessed by linear regression analysis. One hundred and eighty-one beach handball players participated in this research (age: M = 25.68; SD = 5.95), of which 52.49% were male (n = 95) and 47.51% were female (n = 86). The Psychological Sports Execution Inventory (SPPI), the Competition Anxiety State Inventory 2 (CSAI-2), the Mood Profile (POMS) questionnaire and the General Self-Efficacy Scale (GSES) were used to obtain the data. Correlation and linear regression analyses reveal statistically significant associations between the constructs studied, both for the total sample and by gender. Specifically, they highlight the relationships between the different measures of the sports psychological profile with self-confidence (p < 0.001), as well as those established between negative coping control with competitive anxiety (p < 0.001), moods (p < 0.05) and general self-efficacy (p < 0.001).

scholarly journals Associations between parental alcohol problems in childhood and adversities during childhood and later adulthood: a cross-sectional study of 28047 adults from the general population

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Siri Håvås Haugland ◽  
Barbara Carvalho ◽  
Tonje Holte Stea ◽  
Arve Strandheim ◽  
John-Kåre Vederhus
Keyword(s):  
General Population ◽  
Family Environment ◽  
Population Sample ◽  
Alcohol Problems ◽  
Short Version ◽  
Physical And Mental Health ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Childhood Experiences ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Parental Alcohol

Abstract Background Adverse childhood experiences (ACE) are related to adverse physical and mental health outcomes. However, few larger studies based on a general population sample with age groups ranging from young adults to elderly have investigated whether parental alcohol problems increase the risk of offspring subjective reports of ACE both during childhood and current adult adversities. The purpose of this study was to examine the associations between parental alcohol problems and adversities during childhood and later in adulthood. Methods The 28,047 respondents were adults (> 18 years old) from the general population who participated in the Norwegian Counties Public Health Survey. The study had a cross-sectional design and included respondents’ evaluations of childhood experiences and current adult adversities. The short version of the Children of Alcoholics Screening Test (CAST-6, cut-off ≥3) measured parental alcohol problems. Multivariable logistic regression was adjusted for gender, age, and education. Results Growing up with parental alcohol problems strongly increased the risk of experiencing a dysfunctional family environment during childhood (odds ratio [OR] 6.84; 95% confidence interval [CI] 6.36–7.36), perceiving childhood as difficult (OR 5.01; 95% CI 4.58–5.49), and reporting a lack of support from a trusted adult (OR 3.07; 95% CI 2.86–3.29). Parental alcohol problems were associated with a modestly increased risk of harmful alcohol use (OR 1.38; 95% CI 1.29–1.48), but the association with struggling with bad memories was strong (OR 4.56; 95% CI 4.17–4.98). Conclusions Parental alcohol problems increased the risk of offspring experiencing adversities during both childhood and adulthood. Providing supportive services to these children and their families and addressing this issue as part of treatment is important to prevent alcohol related harm.

scholarly journals Autism and attachment disorder symptoms in the general population: Prevalence, overlap, and burden

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 37-51
Author(s):  
Helen Minnis ◽  
Claudia-Martina Messow ◽  
Alex McConnachie ◽  
Paul Bradshaw ◽  
Andrew Briggs ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
General Population ◽  
Service Use ◽  
Neurodevelopmental Disorder ◽  
Population Sample ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Single Parent ◽  
Single Parent Family ◽  
Attachment Disorder ◽  
Younger Age ◽  
Symptom Scores

Background: Co-occurring trauma-related and neurodevelopmental problems are common in maltreated children. In population research and clinical practice, these tend to be considered separately. Overlapping health problems, that is, “multi-morbidity,” in adulthood is associated with increased service burden and costs, but this has not been investigated in childhood. Methods: Using well-validated parent-report questionnaires, we examined the overlap between symptoms of the neurodevelopmental disorder autism (autism spectrum disorder, ASD) and symptoms of the trauma- and stressor-related disorders (reactive attachment disorder [RAD] and disinhibited social engagement disorder [DSED]) in a representative general population sample of over 3,300 children aged 5–6 years of age. We investigated sociodemographic factors, service burden, and costs in association with these problems when considered separately and when co-occurring. Results: Nearly 2% of this population had symptoms suggestive of both ASD and RAD/DSED. High symptom scores for ASD were associated with male gender, (younger) age of mother at birth, and being in a single-parent family, while high symptom scores for RAD/DSED were associated with (younger) age of mother at birth, being in a single-parent family, and the number of accidents reported. Service use costs per likely case of both ASD and RAD/DSED in the preschool years were increased by £348.62 (95% confidence interval 121.04–391.11)—nearly double the costs of ASD alone. Conclusions: There is considerable overlap between symptoms of ASD and RAD/DSED in the general population, indicating that multi-morbidity is already present in childhood and is associated with increased service use and costs even in the preschool years.

scholarly journals PERAN PERCEIVED STRESS DAN SELF-EFFICACY TERHADAP TEACHER BURNOUT GURU TK PADA MASA PANDEMI COVID-19

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 475
Author(s):  
Supi Catur Nadyastuti ◽  
Heni Mularsih (Almh) ◽  
Sri Tiatri
Keyword(s):  
Perceived Stress ◽  
Self Efficacy ◽  
Cognitive Theory ◽  
Teacher Burnout ◽  
Linear Regression Analysis ◽  
Maslach Burnout Inventory ◽  
Measurement Tool ◽  
Perceived Stress Scale ◽  
Stress Scale ◽  
General Self Efficacy

This study aims to determine whether there is a role for perceived stress and self-efficacy on kindergarten teacher burnout in Jakarta during the Covid-19 pandemic. This research uses a quantitative approach and multiple linear regression analysis. This study uses the MBI-ES (Maslach Burnout Inventory-Educators Survey) measuring instrument developed by Maslach and Jackson (1996) to measure teacher burnout, and the PSS (Perceived Stress Scale) measurement tool developed by Cohen (1983) is used to measure perceived stress. Meanwhile, to measure teachers' self-efficacy against teacher burnout, the GSES (General Self-Efficacy Scale) measurement tool was used which was built following Bandura's social cognitive theory (Bandura, 1997), developed by Schwarzer and Jerusalem, 1995. The subjects of this study were 362 teachers from public and private kindergartens in Jakarta. The results of this study have a very significant relationship between perceived stress and self-efficacy variables on teacher burnout of kindergarten teachers in Jakarta during the Covid-19 pandemic. p = 0.000 (p <0.01). The R square is 0.927 which when proxied (0.927 x 100% = 92.7%) means that the amount of perceived  stress and self-efficacy towards teacher burnout was 92.7% and the remaining 7.3% was influenced by other factors not examined in this study.  Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui apakah ada peran perceived stress dan self-efficacy terhadap teacher burnout guru TK di Jakarta pada masa pandemi Covid-19. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kuantitatif dan analisis regresi linear berganda. Menggunakan alat ukur MBI-ES (Maslach Burnout Inventory-Educators Survey) yang dikembangkan oleh Maslach dan Jackson (1996) untuk mengukur teacher burnout, dan alat ukur PSS (Perceived Stress Scale) yang dikembangkan oleh Cohen (1983) untuk pengukuran perceived stress. Sedangkan untuk mengukur self-efficacy terhadap teacher burnout digunakan alat ukur GSES (General Self-Efficacy Scale) yang dibangun mengikuti teori kognitif sosial Bandura (Bandura, 1995), dikembangkan oleh Schwarzer dan Jerusalem (1995). Subjek penelitian ini adalah 362 guru dari TK Negeri dan Swasta di Jakarta. Hasil dari penelitian ini terdapat hubungan yang sangat signifikan antar variabel perceived stress dan self efficacy terhadap teacher burnout guru TK di Jakarta pada masa pandemi Covid-19. Hal tersebut ditunjukkan dengan diperoleh nilai F = 2264,757 dengan p = 0,000 (p<0,05). R square sebesar 0,927 yang apabila dipresentasikan (0,927 x 100% = 92,7%) artinya besar sumbangan perceived stress dan self-efficacy terhadap teacher burnout sebesar 92,7% dan sisanya 7,3% dipengaruhi oleh faktor lain yang tidak diteliti dalam penelitian ini. 

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