scholarly journals The impacts on food purchases and tax revenues of a tax based on Chile’s nutrient profiling model

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (12) ◽  
pp. e0260693
Author(s):  
M. Arantxa Colchero ◽  
Guillermo Paraje ◽  
Barry M. Popkin
Keyword(s):  
Energy Density ◽  
Saturated Fat ◽  
Warning Label ◽  
Warning Labels ◽  
Tax Base ◽  
Added Sugar ◽  
Food And Beverages ◽  
Food Purchases ◽  
Food And Beverage ◽  
The Impact

Background In June 2016, Chile implemented the Law of Food Labelling and Advertising, which included a mandatory front-of-pack warning labels on food and beverages high in added sugar, saturated fat, sodium or energy density, restrictions on child-directed marketing and on the promotion and sales of these products in schools. The regulation does not include taxes although Chile had implemented a tiered tax on SSBs two years before this law was implemented. Therefore, the objective of the study was to simulate the impact of taxing food and beverages based on the cutoff’s points for warning labels on purchases and revenues. Methods We derived price elasticities using the linear approximation of the almost ideal demand system for six groups of labeled food and beverages (with a warning label based on the regulation) and unlabeled (with no warning label): 1) unlabeled beverages, 2) labeled beverages, 3) unlabeled cereal based products, 4) labeled cereal based products, 5) labeled meat and fish and 6) labeled sweet snacks and desserts. The study used data on household food beverage purchases from the Kantar WorldPanel Chile and Euromonitor sales to adjust the Kantar elasticity results to the national average. We estimated revenues under three tax scenarios for all labeled food and beverages: 10%, 20%, 30% of the final price excluding taxes. Results Except for labeled fish and meat, all food and beverage groups were price elastic. After accounting for a reduction in consumption after the taxes, economic and population growth, revenues for all groups could reach between 457 million USD to 1.3 billion USD. These results based on the much larger tax base of these labeled “high in added sugar, salt or saturated fat or energy density” foods and beverages is much larger. Conclusion This fiscal package could be implemented in countries with warning labels to enhance health and welfare. The Chilean warning label front-of-the-package system provides an important guide for countries considering policies to reduce diet-related non communicable diseases, including obesity. The fiscal policy impact alone, as shown here for Chile, will be highly impactful in reducing ultra-processed food intake and generating revenues.

scholarly journals Impact of nutrient warning labels on choice of ultra-processed food and drinks high in sugar, sodium, and saturated fat in Colombia: A randomized controlled trial

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mercedes Mora-Plazas ◽  
Isabella Higgins ◽  
Luis Fernando Gomez ◽  
Marissa G. Hall ◽  
Maria Fernanda Parra ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Saturated Fat ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Processed Food ◽  
Warning Label ◽  
Warning Labels ◽  
Added Sugar ◽  
Food Purchases ◽  
Fruit Drink ◽  
The Impact

Abstract ObjectiveThis study assessed the impact of nutrient warning labels on product selection and ability to correctly identify less healthy products, among other outcomes, in Colombia. MethodsWe conducted an online randomized experiment among 8,061 Colombians in October 2020. Participants were assigned to a condition: nutrient warning, guideline daily amounts (GDA), Nutri-Score, or no-label. First, participants viewed two fruit drinks labeled according to their assigned condition, one with added sugar and one without, and indicated which they would prefer to buy and which was higher in sugar. Next, they viewed four food products with their assigned condition and answered questions. Finally, they selected which label type would most discourage them from consuming a specified ultra-processed food. ResultsFewer participants in the nutrient warning condition (20%) preferred to buy the added sugar fruit drink compared to 24% in the GDA condition (p<.01), 29% in the no-label condition, and 33% in the Nutri-Score condition (both, p<.001). More participants who saw the nutrient warning (88%) correctly identified the fruit drink higher in sugar compared to those who saw no-label (68%) or Nutri-Score (65%) (both, p<.001). In the GDA condition, 91% correctly identified the fruit drink higher in sugar compared to the nutrient warning condition (p<.01). Most participants (72%) selected the nutrient warning label as most discouraging. ConclusionsNutrient warning labels are a promising policy strategy to prevent obesity and diet-related non-communicable diseases in Colombia. Future research should assess nutrient warning labels’ impact on actual food purchases in Colombia. Trial Registration: NCT04567004

scholarly journals Impact of nutrient warning labels on choice of ultra-processed food and drinks high in sugar, sodium, and saturated fat in Colombia: A randomized controlled trial

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mercedes Mora-Plazas ◽  
Isabella Higgins ◽  
Luis Fernando Gomez ◽  
Marissa G. Hall ◽  
Maria Fernanda Parra ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Processed Food ◽  
Warning Label ◽  
Warning Labels ◽  
Breakfast Cereal ◽  
Added Sugar ◽  
Label Condition ◽  
Fruit Drink ◽  
The Impact

Abstract BackgroundFront-of-package nutrient warning labels are one promising policy to inform healthier food choices and purchasing decisions. This study aimed to identify the impact of nutrient warning labels on product selection and the ability to correctly identify products with an excess of critical nutrients, among other outcomes in Colombia.MethodsWe conducted an online randomized experiment among 8,061 Colombian adults in October 2020. Participants were randomly assigned to a front-of-package label condition: nutrient warning, guideline daily amounts (GDA), Nutri-Score, or a no-label condition. First, they viewed a fruit drink with added sugar that was labeled per their assigned condition and one without added sugar, which was only labeled in the GDA and Nutri-Score conditions, and completed selection tasks. The primary outcomes were 1) selection of the fruit drink with added sugar as the fruit drink they would rather buy and 2) correctly identifying which fruit drink was higher in sugar. Next, they viewed four food products (cookies, yogurt, sliced bread, and breakfast cereal) with their assigned condition and answered a series of questions. Finally, they selected which of the three label types would most discourage them from consuming a specified ultra-processed food.ResultsFewer participants in the nutrient warning condition (20%) selected the added sugar fruit drink as the product they would rather buy compared to 24% in the GDA condition (p<.01), 29% in the no-label condition, and 33% in the Nutri-Score condition (both, p<.001). More participants in the nutrient warning condition (88%) correctly identified the fruit drink higher in sugar compared to the no-label condition (68%) and the Nutri-Score condition (65%) (both, p<.001). More participants in the GDA condition (91%) correctly identified the fruit drink higher in sugar compared to the nutrient warning condition (p<.01). Most participants (72%) selected the nutrient warning label as most discouraging, while only 20% selected the GDA label and 9% selected the Nutri-Score label.ConclusionsNutrient warning labels are a promising policy strategy to prevent obesity and diet-related non-communicable diseases in Colombia. Future research is needed to understand the impact of nutrient warning labels on actual ultra-processed food purchases in Colombia. Trial Registration: NCT04567004

Food purchasing behaviour at automatic vending machines: the role of planograms and shopping time

2020 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Luca Marinelli ◽  
Fabio Fiano ◽  
Gian Luca Gregori ◽  
Lucia Michela Daniele
Keyword(s):  
Time Data ◽  
Customer Knowledge ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Food Purchases ◽  
Vending Machines ◽  
Food And Beverage ◽  
Decision Making Processes ◽  
Purchasing Behaviour ◽  
Visual Merchandising ◽  
The Impact

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to investigate the food and beverage automatic retail environment by analysing the impact of planograms, conceived as a visual merchandising practice and shopping time – the time spent making a purchase – as part of food consumer purchasing behaviour to further enrich the debate on the ability of companies to absorb customer knowledge.Design/methodology/approachA real-world experiment was conducted using a sample of 27,230 valid observations of consumer purchasing decision-making processes at automatic vending machines (AVMs). Data were collected by a shopper behaviour analytics system that allows for a better understanding of the AVM users' behaviour. Two sets of regressions were run to test the two hypotheses.FindingsThe experimental results demonstrated that planograms – the planned, systematic organisation of products in an AVM – positively impact food purchases. A planogram acts as a mediator in the relationship between shopping time and purchase, resulting in shorter shopping times and more purchases.Originality/valueThis work adds to the customer knowledge literature by focussing on customer behaviour in the food and beverage automated shopping environment. The shopper analytics technology adopted to collect real-time data leads to a better understanding of the purchasing behaviour of AVMs' users and provides new marketing and retail insights into AVMs' performance that retailers can use to improve their marketing strategies.

scholarly journals The WHO South-East Asia Region Nutrient Profile Model Is Quite Appropriate for India: An Exploration of 31,516 Food Products

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (8) ◽  
pp. 2799
Author(s):  
Chandra Pandav ◽  
Lindsey Smith Taillie ◽  
Donna R. Miles ◽  
Bridget A. Hollingsworth ◽  
Barry M. Popkin
Keyword(s):  
East Asia ◽  
Saturated Fat ◽  
Food Products ◽  
Noncommunicable Diseases ◽  
South East Asia ◽  
Warning Label ◽  
Warning Labels ◽  
Nutrient Profile ◽  
Profile Model ◽  
East Asia Region

The rapid rise in prevalence of overweight/obesity, as well as high prevalence of type 2 diabetes and other nutrition-related noncommunicable diseases, has led the Food Safety and Standards Authority of India (FSSAI) to propose a front-of-package labeling (FOPL) regulation. An effective FOPL system applies a nutrient profile model that identifies foods high in sugar, sodium, and saturated fat that would receive a warning label for consumers to effectively discern between more and less healthy foods. Previous Nutrition Alchemy data collected by the food industry (n = 1306 products) estimated that approximately 96% of foods in India would have at least one warning label based on the FSSAI proposed FOPL. This near universal coverage of warning labels may be inaccurate and misleading. To address this, the current study compared two nutrient profile models, the WHO South-East Asia Region Organization (SEARO) and the Chilean Warning Octagon (CWO) Phase 3, applied to food products available in the Indian market from 2015–2020, collected through Mintel Global New Products Database (n = 10,501 products). Results suggest that 68% of foods and beverages would have at least one ‘ high-in’ level warning label. This study highlights the need to include a more comprehensive sample of food products for assessing the value of warning labels.

scholarly journals Capital Structure and Organizational Performance: Evidence from Nigerian Food and Beverage Companies

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
G. T. Ayo-Oyebiyi
Keyword(s):  
Capital Structure ◽  
Financial Performance ◽  
Organizational Performance ◽  
Stock Exchange ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Food And Beverages ◽  
Beverage Industry ◽  
Food And Beverage Industry ◽  
Food And Beverage ◽  
The Impact

This study seeks to investigate the impact of capital structure on the performance of organizational performance with particular reference to Nigerian Food and Beverage Companies. Secondary data was used for this study. It was adopted from the audited financial statements of the listed food and beverages companies in the Nigerian Stock Exchange (NSE), for the period of the year 2014 – 2018. The method of analysis used was Pearson Moment Correlation Coefficient and Linear Regressions. The results reveal that firm leverage, tangibility of assets and liquidity have an inverse relationship with the financial performance of the Nigerian food and beverage industry, while, growth and firm’s size have a positive relationship with the financial performance of Nigerian food and beverages industry.  The study, recommends that Nigerian Food and Beverage should, therefore, strike a balance between their choice of capital structure and the effect on its performance as it affects the shareholder's risks.

scholarly journals Effectiveness of tobacco warning labels before and after implementation of the European Tobacco Products Directive—findings from the longitudinal EUREST-PLUS ITC Europe surveys

2020 ◽  
Vol 30 (Supplement_3) ◽  
pp. iii84-iii90
Author(s):  
Sarah Kahnert ◽  
Pete Driezen ◽  
James Balmford ◽  
Christina N Kyriakos ◽  
Sarah Aleyan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tobacco Product ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Warning Label ◽  
Warning Labels ◽  
Health Warnings ◽  
Tobacco Products ◽  
Product Packaging ◽  
Highly Educated ◽  
Before And After ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Background Tobacco product packaging is a key part of marketing efforts to make tobacco use appealing. In contrast, large, prominent health warnings are intended to inform individuals about the risks of smoking. In the European Union, since May 2016, the Tobacco Products Directive 2014/40/EU (TPD2) requires tobacco product packages to carry combined health warnings consisting of a picture, a text warning and information on stop smoking services, covering 65% of the front and back of the packages. Methods Key measures of warning label effectiveness (salience, cognitive reactions and behavioural reaction) before and after implementation of the TPD2, determinants of warning labels’ effectiveness and country differences were examined in a longitudinal sample of 6011 adult smokers from Germany, Greece, Hungary, Poland, Romania and Spain (EUREST-PLUS Project) using longitudinal Generalized Estimating Equations (GEE) models. Results In the pooled sample, the warning labels’ effectiveness increased significantly over time in terms of salience (adjusted OR = 1.18; 95% CI: 1.03–1.35), while cognitive and behavioural reactions did not show clear increases. Generally, among women, more highly educated smokers and less addicted smokers, the effectiveness of warning labels tended to be higher. Conclusion We found an increase in salience, but no clear increases for cognitive and behavioural reactions to the new warning labels as required by the TPD2. While it is likely that our study underestimated the impact of the new pictorial warning labels, it provides evidence that health messages on tobacco packaging are more salient when supported by large pictures.

scholarly journals Availability and marketing of food and beverages to children through sports settings: a systematic review

2011 ◽  
Vol 15 (8) ◽  
pp. 1373-1379 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mary-Ann Carter ◽  
R Edwards ◽  
L Signal ◽  
J Hoek
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
English Language ◽  
Food Environments ◽  
Food And Beverages ◽  
Sports Events ◽  
Language Studies ◽  
Food And Beverage ◽  
The Usa ◽  
The Uk ◽  
The Impact

AbstractObjectiveThe current systematic review aimed to identify and critically appraise research on food environments in sports settings, including research into the types of food and beverages available, the extent and impact of food and beverage sponsorship and marketing, and views about food environments among key stakeholders.DesignA systematic review. Fourteen English-language studies (two were papers describing different facets of the same study), published between 1985 and 2011, were identified from searches of electronic databases and bibliographies of primary studies.SettingMost studies originated from Australia (n 10), with the remaining studies originating in the UK (n 1), New Zealand (n 1), the USA (n 1) and Canada (n 1). Data were collected from observations in stadia, websites and televised sports events, through in-depth interviews, focus groups and surveys with sports club members, parents and quick serve restaurant managers.ResultsLiterature exploring food environments in sports settings was limited and had some important methodological limitations. No studies comprehensively described foods available at clubs or stadia, and only one explored the association between food and beverage sponsorship and club incomes. Club policies focused on the impact of health promotion funding rather than the impact of sponsorship or food availability in sports settings.ConclusionsFurther research, including comprehensive studies of the food environment in sports settings, is required to document the availability, sponsorship and marketing of food and beverages at national, regional and club levels and to estimate how sports settings may influence children's diets.

scholarly journals Results of Applying the Canadian Proposed Front-Of-Pack Labelling Regulations to Chain Restaurant Menu Items

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. 724-724
Author(s):  
Sarah Murphy ◽  
Mary L'Abbé ◽  
Kacie Dickinson ◽  
Mary Scourboutakos
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Fast Food ◽  
Saturated Fat ◽  
Early Career ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Warning Labels ◽  
Public Health Concern ◽  
Research Fellowship ◽  
Food And Beverage ◽  
Packaged Food

Abstract Objectives Restaurants are subject to far less regulation than packaged foods when it comes to disclosing nutritional information. However, this sector is increasingly prominent in consumer's food purchasing and consumption habits. Health Canada is developing new front-of-package (FOP) warning labels for packaged food and beverage products, which if applied to restaurant foods could help consumers avoid foods high in nutrients of public health concern. The objective of this study was therefore to assess the proportion of menu items that would be required to carry FOP symbols if they were applied to the restaurant sector. Methods Nutrient data for food and beverage menu items (n = 10,950) were collected from the websites of restaurants with ≥20 Canadian outlets in 2016. Each item was assessed according to Health Canada's FOP thresholds for saturated fat, sodium, and sugar to determine eligibility for each warning symbol if the regulations were extended to restaurant foods. Results Of all eligible menu items, 79% would require ≥1 FOP symbol and 48% would require ≥2. In terms of nutrients, ≥47% of all items would require a sodium or saturated fat warning. 79% of all beverages and desserts would require a sugar warning. When distinguishing between types of restaurants, proportions from fast-food and sit-down establishments were similar overall, but varied by category. Conclusions The majority of menu items are high in nutrients of public health concern, thus there is an urgent need for regulations that apply to both packaged and restaurant items to improve their nutritional quality and assist consumers in making healthier choices when eating out. Such warning labels could also stimulate product reformulation and the introduction of healthier choices by the restaurant sector. Funding Sources This research was supported by a CIHR Project Operating Grant. KMD was supported by an Endeavour Research Fellowship and a Foundation for High Blood Pressure Research Early Career Transition Grant.

scholarly journals The impact of compulsory hygiene training given to employees working in the sector of food and beverages services on their hygiene-related habits, behaviours and knowledgeZorunlu hijyen eğitiminin yiyecek içecek hizmetleri personelinde hijyen alışkanlıklarına, davranışlarına ve bilgi düzeylerine etkisi

2017 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 1356 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ümit Sormaz ◽  
Nevin Şanlıer
Keyword(s):  
Education Program ◽  
Food And Beverages ◽  
Tourism Sector ◽  
Food And Beverage ◽  
Level Of Knowledge ◽  
Knowledge Levels ◽  
Hygiene Education ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Food Workers

Food and beverages companies constituse one of the most important shares of servise industry, the number of food and beverages companies has been increasing every other day. Food workers carry responsibilities concerning human helat. This study has been carried out to detect the impact of the compulsory hygiene training given to the food and beverages services personnel on the hygiene-related habits and behaviours of the employees, and within the scope of the regulation of “Hygiene Education Program” which was published on the official gazetta and put into force being signed by 4 ministries. 1150 food and beverages sector personnel who participated in the hygiene training offered in İstanbul to tourism sector stuff and were volunteer to participate were included in the study. Hygiene-related habits and behaviours before the training and knowledge levels were found to be increasing statistically meaningfully after the study (p<0,01).As a result, it was found out that the compulsory hygiene training given to the food and beverages sector personnel affects employees’ hygiene-related habits, behaviours, and knowledge levels positively. It has been discovered that the training given to the staff working in food and beverage companies does increase the level of knowledge in hygiene. ÖzetHizmet endüstrisinin en önemli paydaşlarından biri olan yiyecek içecek işletmelerinin sayısı her geçen gün artmaktadır. Gıda sektörü ile uğraşan personel, insan sağlığı yönünden sorumluluk taşımaktadır.Bu araştırma, ülkemizde dört bakanlığın katılımıyla imzalanarak Resmi Gazete’de yayımlanan ve yürürlüğe giren “Hijyen Eğitim Programı” Yönetmeği kapsamında yiyecek içecek hizmetleri personeline verilen zorunlu hijyen eğitiminin çalışanların hijyen alışkanlıkları ve davranışlarına olan etkisini tespit etmek amacıyla yürütülmüştür.Araştırmaya, İstanbul’da turizm sektöründe çalışan personele verilen hijyen eğitimlerine katılan gönüllü 1150 yiyecek içecek hizmetleri personeli dahil edilmiştir. Eğitim öncesi hijyen alışkanlıklarının davranışlarının ve eğitim sonrası hijyen bilgi düzeylerinin eğitim öncesine göre istatistiksel olarak anlamlı yönde arttığı saptanmıştır (p<0.01).Sonuçta yiyecek içecek hizmetleri bölümü çalışanlarına verilen zorunlu hijyen eğitiminin, personelin hijyen alışkanlıkları, hijyen davranışları ve hijyen bilgi düzeylerine olan olumlu etkisi tespit edilmiştir. Yiyecek içecek hizmetleri sektöründe çalışan personele verilecek hijyen eğitim programlarının, personelin hijyen bilgi düzeyini arttırdığı belirlenmiştir.

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