scholarly journals Local occurrence and fast spread of B.1.1.7 lineage: A glimpse into Friuli Venezia Giulia

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (12) ◽  
pp. e0261229
Author(s):  
Catia Mio ◽  
Chiara Dal Secco ◽  
Stefania Marzinotto ◽  
Claudio Bruno ◽  
Santa Pimpo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vaccination Campaign ◽  
Sequencing Analysis ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
Rare Mutations ◽  
New Variant ◽  
Next Generation Sequencing Analysis ◽  
Depth Study ◽  
Sporadic Cases ◽  
Continuous Accumulation ◽  
Friuli Venezia Giulia

In-depth study of the entire SARS-CoV-2 genome has uncovered many mutations, which have replaced the lineage that characterized the first wave of infections all around the world. In December 2020, the outbreak of variant of concern (VOC) 202012/01 (lineage B.1.1.7) in the United Kingdom defined a turning point during the pandemic, immediately posing a worldwide threat on the Covid-19 vaccination campaign. Here, we reported the evolution of B.1.1.7 lineage-related infections, analyzing samples collected from January 1st 2021, until April 15th 2021, in Friuli Venezia Giulia, a northeastern region of Italy. A cohort of 1508 nasopharyngeal swabs was analyzed by High Resolution Melting (HRM) and 479 randomly selected samples underwent Next Generation Sequencing analysis (NGS), uncovering a steady and continuous accumulation of B.1.1.7 lineage-related specimens, joined by sporadic cases of other known lineages (i.e. harboring the Spike glycoprotein p.E484K mutation). All the SARS-CoV-2 genome has been analyzed in order to highlight all the rare mutations that may eventually result in a new variant of interest. This work suggests that a thorough monitoring of the SARS-CoV-2 genome by NGS is essential to contain any new variant that could jeopardize all the efforts that have been made so far to resolve the emergence of the pandemic.

scholarly journals Next-Generation Sequencing Analysis of the Tineola bisselliella Larval Gut Transcriptome Reveals Candidate Enzymes for Keratin Digestion

Genes ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (8) ◽  
pp. 1113
Author(s):  
Michael Schwabe ◽  
Sven Griep ◽  
Henrike Schmidtberg ◽  
Rudy Plarre ◽  
Alexander Goesmann ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Next Generation Sequencing ◽  
Disulfide Bonds ◽  
Differentially Expressed ◽  
Intestinal Microbiome ◽  
Sequencing Analysis ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Transcriptomic Data ◽  
Next Generation Sequencing Analysis ◽  
Generation Sequencing ◽  
Tineola Bisselliella

The clothes moth Tineola bisselliella is one of a few insects that can digest keratin, leading to the destruction of clothing, textiles and artwork. The mechanism of keratin digestion is not yet fully understood, partly reflecting the lack of publicly available genomic and transcriptomic data. Here we present a high-quality gut transcriptome of T. bisselliella generated from larvae reared on keratin-rich and keratin-free diets. The overall transcriptome consists of 428,221 contigs that were functionally annotated and screened for candidate enzymes involved in keratin utilization. As a mechanism for keratin digestion, we identified cysteine synthases, cystathionine β-synthases and cystathionine γ-lyases. These enzymes release hydrogen sulfite, which may reduce the disulfide bonds in keratin. The dataset also included 27 differentially expressed contigs with trypsin domains, among which 20 were associated with keratin feeding. Finally, we identified seven collagenases that were upregulated on the keratin-rich diet. In addition to this enzymatic repertoire potentially involved in breaking down keratin, our analysis of poly(A)-enriched and poly(A)-depleted transcripts suggested that T. bisselliella larvae possess an unstable intestinal microbiome that may nevertheless contribute to keratin digestion.

scholarly journals MicroRNAs from Snellenius manilae bracovirus regulate innate and cellular immune responses of its host Spodoptera litura

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Cheng-Kang Tang ◽  
Chih-Hsuan Tsai ◽  
Carol-P. Wu ◽  
Yu-Hsien Lin ◽  
Sung-Chan Wei ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune Responses ◽  
Spodoptera Litura ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Innate Immune ◽  
Sequencing Analysis ◽  
Innate Immune Responses ◽  
Cellular Immune Responses ◽  
Next Generation Sequencing Analysis ◽  
Cellular Immune ◽  
Generation Sequencing

AbstractTo avoid inducing immune and physiological responses in insect hosts, parasitoid wasps have developed several mechanisms to inhibit them during parasitism, including the production of venom, specialized wasp cells, and symbioses with polydnaviruses (PDVs). These mechanisms alter the host physiology to give the wasp offspring a greater chance of survival. However, the molecular mechanisms for most of these alterations remain unclear. In the present study, we applied next-generation sequencing analysis and identified several miRNAs that were encoded in the genome of Snellenius manilae bracovirus (SmBV), and expressed in the host larvae, Spodoptera litura, during parasitism. Among these miRNAs, SmBV-miR-199b-5p and SmBV-miR-2989 were found to target domeless and toll-7 in the host, which are involved in the host innate immune responses. Microinjecting the inhibitors of these two miRNAs into parasitized S. litura larvae not only severely decreased the pupation rate of Snellenius manilae, but also restored the phagocytosis and encapsulation activity of the hemocytes. The results demonstrate that these two SmBV-encoded miRNAs play an important role in suppressing the immune responses of parasitized hosts. Overall, our study uncovers the functions of two SmBV-encoded miRNAs in regulating the host innate immune responses upon wasp parasitism.

scholarly journals Isolation and characterization of the new SARS-CoV-2 variant in travellers from the United Kingdom to India: VUI-202012/01 of the B.1.1.7 lineage

2021 ◽  
Vol 28 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Pragya D Yadav ◽  
Dimpal A Nyayanit ◽  
Rima R Sahay ◽  
Prasad Sarkale ◽  
Jayshri Pethani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United Kingdom ◽  
Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome ◽  
Surveillance System ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
Isolation And Characterization ◽  
New Variant ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Local Transmission

We have isolated the new severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 variant of concern 202 012/01 from the positive coronavirus disease 2019 cases that travelled from the UK to India in the month of December 2020. This emphasizes the need for the strengthened surveillance system to limit the local transmission of this new variant.

scholarly journals Mutation Profile of Aggressive Pheochromocytoma and Paraganglioma with Comparison of TCGA Data

Cancers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (10) ◽  
pp. 2389
Author(s):  
Yun Mi Choi ◽  
Jinyeong Lim ◽  
Min Ji Jeon ◽  
Yu-Mi Lee ◽  
Tae-Yon Sung ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Somatic Mutations ◽  
The Cancer Genome Atlas ◽  
Sequencing Analysis ◽  
Poor Overall Survival ◽  
Sdhb Mutation ◽  
Targeted Next Generation Sequencing ◽  
Mutation Profile ◽  
Next Generation Sequencing Analysis ◽  
Number Variation ◽  
Frequent Mutations

In pheochromocytoma and paraganglioma (PPGL), germline or somatic mutations in one of the known susceptibility genes are identified in up to 60% patients. However, the peculiar genetic events that drive the aggressive behavior including metastasis in PPGL are poorly understood. We performed targeted next-generation sequencing analysis to characterize the mutation profile in fifteen aggressive PPGL patients and compared accessible data of aggressive PPGLs from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) with findings of our cohort. A total of 115 germline and 34 somatic variants were identified with a median 0.58 per megabase tumor mutation burden in our cohort. The most frequent mutation was SDHB germline mutation (27%) and the second frequent mutations were somatic mutations for SETD2, NF1, and HRAS (13%, respectively). Patients were subtyped into three categories based on the kind of mutated genes: pseudohypoxia (n = 5), kinase (n = 5), and unknown (n = 5) group. In copy number variation analysis, deletion of chromosome arm 1p harboring SDHB gene was the most frequently observed. In our cohort, SDHB mutation and pseudohypoxia subtype were significantly associated with poor overall survival. In conclusion, subtyping of mutation profile can be helpful in aggressive PPGL patients with heterogeneous prognosis to make relevant follow-up plan and achieve proper treatment.

scholarly journals Staphylococcal food poisoning in the United Kingdom, 1969–90

1993 ◽  
Vol 110 (3) ◽  
pp. 519-531 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. A. Wieneke ◽  
D. Roberts ◽  
R. J. Gilbert
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
United Kingdom ◽  
Food Poisoning ◽  
Food Hygiene ◽  
Milk Products ◽  
Group Iii ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
Sporadic Cases ◽  
Fish And Shellfish

SUMMARYBetween 1969 and 1990 strains ofStaphylococcus aureusfrom 359 outbreaks and sporadic cases of staphylococcal food poisoning in the United Kingdom were examined in the PHLS Food Hygiene Laboratory for the production of enterotoxin. In a number of instances the incriminated foods were also examined for the presence of enterotoxin. Strains from 79% of incidents produced enterotoxin A alone or together with another enterotoxin. The level ofS. aureuspresent in the foods ranged from no viableS. aureusdetected to 1.5 × 1010c.f.u./g with a median of 3.0 × 107c.f.u./g. Enterotoxin was detected in foods in the absence of viableS. aureusin only two outbreaks and in both cheese was the implicated food. Meat. poultry or their products were the vehicle in 75% of incidents with ham and chicken most frequently implicated. Other foods included fish and shellfish (7%) and milk and milk products (8%). Most contamination took place in the home followed by restaurants and shops. Seventy-one percent of the incident strains were lysed by phages of group III or I/III.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document