scholarly journals Is intuition allied with jumping to conclusions in decision-making? An intensive longitudinal study in patients with delusions and in non-clinical individuals

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (12) ◽  
pp. e0261296
Author(s):  
Thea Zander-Schellenberg ◽  
Sarah A. K. Kuhn ◽  
Julian Möller ◽  
Andrea H. Meyer ◽  
Christian Huber ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Information Processing ◽  
Multilevel Modelling ◽  
General Information ◽  
Mentally Disordered ◽  
Jumping To Conclusions ◽  
Processing Modes ◽  
Analytical Processing ◽  
Study Participants

Research suggests that a jumping-to-conclusions (JTC) bias, excessive intuition, and reduced analysis in information processing may favor suboptimal decision-making, both in non-clinical and mentally disordered individuals. The temporal relationship between processing modes and JTC bias, however, remains unexplored. Therefore, using an experience sampling methodology (ESM) approach, this study examines the temporal associations between intuitive/analytical information processing, JTC bias, and delusions in non-clinical individuals and patients with schizophrenia. Specifically, we examine whether a high use of intuitive and/or a low use of analytical processing predicts subsequent JTC bias and paranoid conviction. In a smartphone-based ESM study, participants will be prompted four times per day over three consecutive days to answer questionnaires designed to measure JTC bias, paranoid conviction, and preceding everyday-life intuition/analysis. Our hierarchical data will be analyzed using multilevel modelling for hypothesis testing. Results will further elucidate the role of aberrant human reasoning, particularly intuition, in (non-)clinical delusions and delusion-like experiences, and also inform general information processing models.

scholarly journals An information processing view of framing effects: The role of causal schemas in decision making

1996 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jerwen Jou ◽  
James Shanteau ◽  
Richard Jackson Harris
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Information Processing ◽  
Framing Effects

scholarly journals Physarum Boats: If Plasmodium Sailed It Would Never Leave a Port

2010 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 31-39 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew Adamatzky
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Information Processing ◽  
Physarum Polycephalum ◽  
Water Surface ◽  
Proximity Graphs ◽  
Naked Eye ◽  
Ideal Candidate ◽  
Nature Inspired Computing ◽  
Experimental Laboratory

Plasmodium ofPhysarum polycephalumis a single huge (visible by naked eye) cell with a myriad of nuclei. The plasmodium is a promising substrate for non-classical, nature-inspired computing devices. It is capable of approximation of the shortest path in a maze, computation of planar proximity graphs and plane tessellations, primitive memory and decision making. The unique properties of the plasmodium make it an ideal candidate for a role of amorphous biological robots with massive parallel information processing and distributed inputs and outputs. We show that when adhered to a lightweight object resting on a water surface the plasmodium can propel the object by oscillating its protoplasmic pseudopodia. In experimental laboratory conditions and computational experiments we study phenomenology of the plasmodium-floater system, and possible mechanisms of controlling motion of objects propelled by on-board plasmodium.

Hippocampal Theta Activity and Learning: A Reply to Douglas

1969 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 580-582 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas L. Bennett
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Information Processing ◽  
Electrical Activity ◽  
Memory Consolidation ◽  
Theta Activity ◽  
Hippocampal Theta Activity ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Hippocampal Theta ◽  
Learning And Performance

Adey and his associates have asserted that theta electrical activity recorded from the hippocampus during learning and performance reflects the role of this structure in information processing, decision making and memory consolidation. This notion was recently questioned by Douglas (1967) who concluded that the tasks employed by Adey and his associates to assess theta activity were tasks which the lesion literature indicated do not requite hippocampal functioning to be learned. The present paper questions Douglas' assertion by describing studies in the lesion literature which demonstrate that the tasks used by Adey and his co-workers may actually require hippocampal functioning to be learned.

Direct or indirect comparative ads: The moderating role of information processing modes

2013 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 133-147 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arti D. Kalro ◽  
Bharadhwaj Sivakumaran ◽  
Rahul R. Marathe
Keyword(s):  
Information Processing ◽  
Processing Modes ◽  
Comparative Ads ◽  
Moderating Role ◽  
Role Of Information

scholarly journals Communicative Competence as the Basis of the Digital Age Metaliteracy

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 71-80
Author(s):  
T.V. Ustinova
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Information Processing ◽  
Communicative Competence ◽  
Digital Age ◽  
Meaning Construction ◽  
Metacognitive Awareness ◽  
Processing Ability ◽  
Methodological Status

This study aims to clarify the methodological status of metaliteracy and define the role of communicative competence in the structure of metaliteracy. It is stated that metaliteracy is to be regarded as the complex cognitive-communicative information competence. Metacompetence is defined as the person’s ability and readiness for judgment, reasoning, meaning construction and decision-making in learning and communication on the basis of critical selection, processing and evaluation of information. Contribution of linguistic, sociolinguistic and pragmatic competences to information processing ability is analyzed. It is concluded that information processing is communicatively mediated. The didactic value of metacognitive awareness in information processing is highlighted.

Analysis or intuition? Reframing the decision-making styles debate in technological settings

2020 ◽  
Vol 58 (1) ◽  
pp. 129-145 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ludovico Bullini Orlandi ◽  
Paul Pierce
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Information Processing ◽  
Data Availability ◽  
Mobile Technologies ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Processing Styles ◽  
Analytical Information ◽  
Decision Making Styles ◽  
Decision Making Processes

Purpose The debate over intuitive vs analytical decision-making styles began almost 40 years ago and had yet to deliver definite answers. The debate – however – has led to divergent theoretical stances and empirical results. The purpose of this paper is to investigate the role of these information processing styles in customer-related decision-making in the context of mobile technologies. Design/methodology/approach The hypotheses are derived from the contrasting theoretical propositions and empirical evidence present in the debate around decision-making styles. The study also introduces and investigates the moderating role of environmental dynamism (ED). Analyses and results are based on survey research that involves 251 managers with responsibility for organizational decision-making processes. Findings The study’s findings suggest that both intuitive and analytical styles are relevant in the actual context characterized by mobile technologies. Intuition still plays a central role in managers’ decision-making processes, but when the industry environment is highly dynamic analytical information processing also plays an essential role in supporting organizational responsiveness and performance. Practical implications This study can help managers in reconsidering the way in which they employ analytical or intuitive information processing activities inside their decision making at different levels of ED. Originality/value The novelty of this paper relies on testing hypothesis simultaneously developed by both the theoretical stances favorable to intuitive and to analytical information processing. Besides, it tests these hypotheses in the actual empirical context characterized by a transformed scenario in terms of data availability.

scholarly journals Protect us from ourselves: Balancing the parental instinct of saving

2019 ◽  
Vol 27 (5) ◽  
pp. 1282-1296
Author(s):  
Lars Ursin ◽  
Janicke Syltern
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Research Question ◽  
Ethical Challenges ◽  
Prenatal Counselling ◽  
Limit Of Viability ◽  
Regional Committee ◽  
Role Of Parents ◽  
Study Participants ◽  
Medical Research Ethics

Background Neonatologists, legal experts and ethicists extensively discuss the ethical challenges of decision-making when a child is born at the limit of viability. The voices of parents are less heard in this discussion. In Norway, parents are actively shielded from the burden of decision-making responsibility. In an era of increasing patient autonomy, is this position still defendable? Research question In this article, we discuss the role of parents in neonatal decision-making, based on the following research question: Should parents decide whether to provide lifesaving treatment when their child is born at the limit of viability? Research design We conducted eight interviews with 12 parents, 4 individuals and 4 couples, all having experienced prenatal counselling at the limit of viability. The interviews took place at different university locations in Norway in the years 2014–2018. Ethical considerations All study participants gave their written informed consent. The Regional Committee for Medical Research Ethics approved the study. Findings We identified six main themes in parents’ responses to the research question. Parents (1) experienced an emotional turmoil confronted with birth at the border of viability, (2) emphasized the importance of being involved in decision-making, (3) described and reflected on the need to balance the parental instinct of saving, (4) were concerned about the dilemmas involved in protecting the family, (5) were worried about the burden of overwhelming responsibility and (6) called for guideline relief. Conclusion The perceived parental instinct of saving the life of their child makes it hard for parents to step away from a call for ‘everything to be done’. Involvement of an interprofessional periviability team drawing on the experiences and viewpoints of nurses and neonatologists in decision-making is needed to protect both infants and parents against undue parental push for treatment and enable parents to make good decisions regarding their child.

scholarly journals A systematic review of the role of Big Data Analytics in reducing the influence of cognitive errors on the audit judgement

2019 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 187-202 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fawad Ahmad
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Big Data ◽  
Information Processing ◽  
Data Analytics ◽  
Big Data Analytics ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Cognitive Errors ◽  
Revisión Sistemática ◽  
Toma De Decisiones

This systematic literature review provides the association between memory processes, auditors judgement and decision-making process under the influence of cognitive errors. Due to limited cognitive resources, auditors are unable to analyze the population of accounting transactions, therefore, they use sampling and heuristics for information processing. In the context of Big Data (BD), auditors may face a similar problem of information overload and exhibit cognitive errors, resulting in the selection and analysis of irrelevant information cues. But Big Data analytics (BDA) can facilitate information processing and analysis of complex diverse Big Data by reducing the influence of auditor’s cognitive errors. The current study adapts Ding et al., (2017) framework in the auditing context that identify causes of cognitive errors influencing auditor’s information processing. This review identified 75 auditing related studies to elaborate the role of BD and BDA in improving audit judgement. In addition, role of memory, cognitive errors, and judgement and decision-making are highlighted by using 61 studies. The analysis provides useful insight in different open areas by proposing research propositions and research questions that can be explored by future research to gain extensive understanding on the association between memory and audit judgement in the context of BD and BDA. La revisión sistemática de la literatura proporciona la asociación entre los procesos de la memoria, el juicio de los auditores y el proceso de toma de decisiones bajo la influencia de errores cognitivos. Debido a los limitados recursos cognitivos, los auditores no pueden analizar la población de transacciones contables; por lo tanto, utilizan el muestreo y la heurística para el procesamiento de la información. En el contexto de Big Data (BD), los auditores pueden enfrentarse a un problema similar de sobrecarga de información y exhibir errores cognitivos, lo que resulta en la selección y análisis de indicios de información irrelevantes. No obstante, la analítica de Big Data (BDA) puede facilitar el procesamiento de información y el análisis de datos complejos y diversos al reducir la influencia de los errores cognitivos del auditor. El presente estudio adapta el marco de trabajo de Ding et al (2017) en el contexto de la auditoría que identifica las causas de los errores cognitivos que influyen en el procesamiento de la información del auditor. Esta revisión identificó 75 estudios relacionados con la auditoría para elaborar el papel de BD y BDA en la mejora del juicio de auditoría. Además, el papel de la memoria, los errores cognitivos y el juicio y la toma de decisiones se destacan mediante el uso de 61 estudios. El análisis proporciona una visión útil de los diferentes aspectos abiertos de la cuestión proponiendo propuestas y preguntas de estudio que puedan ser exploradas por la investigación futura para obtener una comprensión amplia de la asociación entre la memoria y el juicio de auditoría en el contexto de BD y BDA.

scholarly journals Ideology and Muslim militancy in India: Selected case studies of the 1857 Indian rebellion

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Sabbaq Ahmed
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Information Processing ◽  
Case Studies ◽  
East India Company ◽  
North West ◽  
Moderating Factors ◽  
British Muslims ◽  
Comparative Case Studies ◽  
The Relationship

<p>This thesis examines the ways in which ideologies of royalism, militarism, and Jihad influenced the behaviour of contending Muslim factions in the 1857 Indian rebellion. The historiography has focused almost exclusively on the ideological motivation of Muslims who fought against the East India Company, with little mention of the large number of Punjabi Muslims and North West Frontier Pathans who chose to collaborate with the British against their co-religionists. The dominant themes of anti-colonialism, nationalism, proto-nationalism and Jihad that emerge in the literature overlook the role of moderating factors that link ideology to behaviour. Another tendency has been to apply the essentially modern concepts of nationalism and its variants to a pre-modern Indian Muslim setting. This thesis addresses these gaps by providing a framework for analysing the ideological functions of royalism, militarism and Jihad for both pro and anti-British Muslims. Drawing on insights from political and cognitive approaches of decision-making, this study demonstrates how the dynamics of information processing moderated the relationship between these ideologies and the combat behaviour of the belligerents. It finds that the process produced different outcomes of behaviour for the key individuals and groups in the 1857 rebellion. The methodology employed is comparative case studies of four regions with the most active Muslim resistance and collaboration groups. This thesis hopes to contribute to the growing literature on new approaches to the study of the 1857 Indian rebellion.</p>

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