scholarly journals Effects of osmolality and solutes on the morphology of red blood cells according to three-dimensional refractive index tomography

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (12) ◽  
pp. e0262106
Author(s):  
Minkook Son ◽  
Ye Sung Lee ◽  
Mahn Jae Lee ◽  
YongKeun Park ◽  
Hae-Rahn Bae ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Refractive Index ◽  
Red Blood Cells ◽  
Blood Cells ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Spherical Shape ◽  
Transfusion Medicine ◽  
Frequent Use ◽  
Phosphate Buffered Saline ◽  
Effect Of Glucose ◽  
Or Applications

Phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) and Alsever’s solution (AS) are frequently used as media in blood-related studies, while 0.9% normal saline (NS) is frequently used in transfusion medicine. Despite the frequent use, the effects of these solutions on the shape and volume of red blood cells (RBCs) have not been reported. We collected blood samples from five healthy adults and used three-dimensional refractive index tomography to investigate the changes in the morphology of RBCs caused by changes in osmolality and solutes at the single-cell level. After diluting 2 μL of RBCs 200-fold with each solution (PBS, AS, and 0.9% NS), 40 randomly selected RBCs were microscopically observed. RBC shape was measured considering sphericity, which is a dimensionless quantity ranging from 0 (flat) to 1 (spherical). RBCs in plasma or AS showed a biconcave shape with a small sphericity, whereas those in 0.9% NS or PBS showed a spherical shape with a large sphericity. Moreover, we confirmed that sodium chloride alone could not elicit the biconcave shape of RBCs, which could be maintained only in the presence of an osmotic pressure-maintaining substance, such as glucose or mannitol. Although 0.9% NS solution is one of the most commonly used fluids in hematology and transfusion medicine, RBCs in 0.9% NS or PBS are not biconcave. Therefore, as the debate on the use of NS continues, future clinical studies or applications should consider the effect of glucose or mannitol on the shape of RBCs.

scholarly journals Refractive index tomograms and dynamic membrane fluctuations of red blood cells from patients with diabetes mellitus

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
SangYun Lee ◽  
HyunJoo Park ◽  
Kyoohyun Kim ◽  
YongHak Sohn ◽  
Seongsoo Jang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Refractive Index ◽  
Red Blood Cells ◽  
Blood Cells ◽  
Individual Cell ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Haemoglobin Concentration ◽  
Glycated Haemoglobin ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Phase Imaging ◽  
Cell Deformability

In this paper we present the optical characterisations of diabetic red blood cells (RBCs) in a non-invasive manner employing three-dimensional (3-D) quantitative phase imaging. By measuring 3-D refractive index tomograms and 2-D time-series phase images, the morphological (volume, surface area and sphericity), biochemical (haemoglobin concentration and content) and mechanical (membrane fluctuation) parameters were quantitatively retrieved at the individual cell level. With simultaneous measurements of individual cell properties, systematic correlative analyses on retrieved RBC parameters were also performed. Our measurements show that diabetic patients had RBCs of reduced cell sphericity and elevated intracellular haemoglobin concentration and content compared to healthy (non-diabetic) subjects. Furthermore, membrane deformability of diabetic RBCs is significantly lower than that of healthy, non-diabetic RBCs. Interestingly, non-diabetic RBCs exhibit strong correlations between the elevated glycated haemoglobin in RBC cytoplasm and decreased cell deformability, whereas diabetic RBCs do not show correlations. Our observations strongly support the idea that slow and irreversible glycation of haemoglobin and membrane proteins of RBCs by hyperglycaemia significantly compromises RBC deformability in diabetic patients.

Cytotoxicity of chitosan ultrafine nanoshuttles on MCF-7 cell line as surrogate model for breast cancer

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tarek Faris ◽  
Gamaleldin I. Harisa ◽  
Fars K. Alanazi ◽  
Mohamed M. Badran ◽  
Afraa Mohammad Alotaibi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Red Blood Cells ◽  
Factorial Design ◽  
Cell Line ◽  
Cell Lines ◽  
Blood Cells ◽  
Sodium Tripolyphosphate ◽  
Physicochemical Characterization ◽  
Spherical Shape ◽  
Mcf 7

Aim: This study aimed to explore an affordable technique for the fabrication of Chitosan Nanoshuttles (CSNS) at the ultrafine nanoscale less than 100 nm with improved physicochemical properties, and cytotoxicity on the MCF-7 cell line. Background: Despite several studies reported that the antitumor effect of CS and CSNS could achieve intracellular compartment target ability, no enough available about this issue and further studies are required to address this assumption. Objectives: The objective of the current study was to investigate the potential processing variables for the production of ultrafine CSNS (> 100 nm) using Box-Benhken Design factorial design (BBD). This was achieved through a study of the effects of processing factors, such as CS concentration, CS/TPP ratio, and pH of the CS solution, on PS, PDI, and ZP. Moreover, the obtained CSNS was evaluated for physicochemical characteristics, morphology Also, hemocompatibility, and cytotoxicity using Red Blood Cells (RBCs) and MCF-7 cell lines were investigated. Methods: Box-Benhken Design factorial design (BBD) was used in the analysis of different selected variables. The effects of CS concentration, sodium tripolyphosphate (TPP) ratio, and pH on particle size, Polydispersity Index (PDI), and Zeta Potential (ZP) were measured. Subsequently, the prepared CS nanoshuttles were exposed to stability studies, physicochemical characterization, hemocompatibility, and cytotoxicity using red blood cells and MCF-7 cell lines as surrogate models for in vivo study. Result: The present results revealed that the optimized CSNS have ultrafine nanosize, (78.3±0.22 nm), homogenous with PDI (0.131±0.11), and ZP (31.9±0.25 mV). Moreover, CSNS have a spherical shape, amorphous in structure, and physically stable. Also, CSNS has biological safety as indicated by a gentle effect on red blood cell hemolysis, besides, the obtained nanoshuttles decrease MCF-7 viability. Conclusion: The present findings concluded that the developed ultrafine CSNS has unique properties with enhanced cytotoxicity. thus promising for use in intracellular organelles drug delivery.

scholarly journals An Evaluation of Morphological Changes and Deformability of Suspended Red Blood Cells Prepared Using Whole Blood with Different Hemoglobin Levels of Tibetans

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Rui Zhong ◽  
Dingding Han ◽  
Xiaodong Wu ◽  
Hong Wang ◽  
Wanjing Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Red Blood Cells ◽  
Whole Blood ◽  
Blood Cells ◽  
Morphological Changes ◽  
Osmotic Fragility ◽  
Spherical Shape ◽  
Hypoxic Environment ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Group A ◽  
Cell Membrane Protein

Background: The hypoxic environment stimulates the human body to increase the levels of hemoglobin (HGB) and hematocrit and the number of red blood cells. Such enhancements have individual differences, leading to a wide range of HGB in Tibetans’ whole blood (WB). Study Design: WB of male Tibetans was divided into 3 groups according to different HGB (i.e., A: >120 but ≤185 g/L, B: >185 but ≤210 g/L, and C: >210 g/L). Suspended red blood cells (SRBC) processed by collected WB and stored in standard conditions were examined aseptically on days 1, 14, 21, and 35 after storage. The routine biochemical indexes, deformability, cell morphology, and membrane proteins were tested. Results: Mean corpuscular volume, adenosine triphosphate, pH, and deformability were not different in group A vs. those in storage (p > 0.05). The increased rate of irreversible morphology of red blood cells was different among the 3 groups, but there was no difference in the percentage of red blood cells with an irreversible morphology after 35 days of storage. Group C performed better in terms of osmotic fragility and showed a lower rigid index than group A. Furthermore, SDS-PAGE revealed similar cross-linking degrees of cell membrane protein but the band 3 protein of group C seemed to experience weaker clustering than that of group A as detected by Western Blot analysis after 35 days of storage. Conclusions: There was no difference in deformability or morphological changes in the 3 groups over the 35 days of storage. High HGB levels of plateau SRBC did not accelerate the RBC change from a biconcave disc into a spherical shape and it did not cause a reduction in deformability during 35 days of preservation in bank conditions.

Simultaneous determination of size and refractive index of red blood cells by light scattering measurements

2006 ◽  
Vol 88 (8) ◽  
pp. 084101 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. Ghosh ◽  
P. Buddhiwant ◽  
A. Uppal ◽  
S. K. Majumder ◽  
H. S. Patel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Refractive Index ◽  
Light Scattering ◽  
Red Blood Cells ◽  
Simultaneous Determination ◽  
Blood Cells ◽  
Scattering Measurements

scholarly journals Quantitative analysis of three-dimensional morphology and membrane dynamics of red blood cells during temperature elevation

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Keyvan Jaferzadeh ◽  
MinWoo Sim ◽  
NamGon Kim ◽  
InKyu Moon
Keyword(s):  
Red Blood Cells ◽  
Blood Cells ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Membrane Dynamics ◽  
Mean Corpuscular Hemoglobin ◽  
Rbc Membrane ◽  
Membrane Fluctuations ◽  
Highly Correlated ◽  
3D Profile ◽  
Shape Changes

Abstract The optimal functionality of red blood cells is closely associated with the surrounding environment. This study was undertaken to analyze the changes in membrane profile, mean corpuscular hemoglobin (MCH), and cell membrane fluctuations (CMF) of healthy red blood cells (RBC) at varying temperatures. The temperature was elevated from 17 °C to 41 °C within a duration of less than one hour, and the holograms were recorded by an off-axis configuration. After hologram reconstruction, we extracted single RBCs and evaluated their morphologically related features (projected surface area and sphericity coefficient), MCH, and CMF. We observed that elevating the temperature results in changes in the three-dimensional (3D) profile. Since CMF amplitude is highly correlated to the bending curvature of RBC membrane, temperature-induced shape changes can alter CMF’s map and amplitude; mainly larger fluctuations appear on dimple area at a higher temperature. Regardless of the shape changes, no alterations in MCH were seen with temperature variation.

A Numerical Model of Adhesion Property of Malaria Infected Red Blood Cells in Micro Scale Blood Flows

2009 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yohsuke Imai ◽  
Hitoshi Kondo ◽  
Young Ho Kang ◽  
Takuji Ishikawa ◽  
Chwee Teck Lim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Red Blood Cells ◽  
Adhesion Molecule ◽  
Blood Cells ◽  
Complex Geometry ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Experimental Techniques ◽  
Receptor Interaction ◽  
Micro Scale ◽  
Micro Channels ◽  
Adhesive Interactions

Infection by malaria parasite changes mechanical properties of red blood cells (RBCs). Infected red blood cells (IRBCs) lose the deformability but also develop the ability to cytoadhere and rosetting. These outcomes can lead to microvascular blockage [1]. The stiffness of IRBCs [2] and its effects on the flow in micro channels [3] were studied with recent experimental techniques. The cytoadherence and rosetting properties of IRBCs have also been studied experimentally. The cytoadherence is mediated by the interaction of the parasite protein PfEMP1 with several endothelial adhesion molecules, such as CD36, intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1), P-selectin, and vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1) [4]. In particular, the ligand-receptor interaction between PfEMP1 and CD36 shows tight adhesion [5]. Microvascular blockage may be a hemodynamic problem, involving the interactions between IRBCs, healthy RBCs (HRBCs) and endothelial cells (ECs) in flowing blood, but however experimental techniques have several limitations to this topic. First, it is still difficult to observe the RBC behavior interacting with many other cells even with the recent confocal microscopy. Second, the three-dimensional information on flow field is hardly obtained. Third, capillaries in human body are circular channels with complex geometry, but such complex channels cannot be created in micro scale. Instead, numerical modeling can overcome these problems. We presented a two-dimensional hemodynamic model involving adhesive interactions [6]. In this paper, we propose a three-dimensional model of the adhesive interactions for micro scale hemodynamics in malaria infection.

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