scholarly journals A Viral Genome Landscape of RNA Polyadenylation from KSHV Latent to Lytic Infection

2013 ◽  
Vol 9 (11) ◽  
pp. e1003749 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vladimir Majerciak ◽  
Ting Ni ◽  
Wenjing Yang ◽  
Bowen Meng ◽  
Jun Zhu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Viral Genome ◽  
Lytic Infection ◽  
Rna Polyadenylation

scholarly journals Release of human cytomegalovirus from latency by a KAP1/TRIM28 phosphorylation switch

eLife ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 4 ◽  
Author(s):  
Benjamin Rauwel ◽  
Suk Min Jang ◽  
Marco Cassano ◽  
Adamandia Kapopoulou ◽  
Isabelle Barde ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Human Cytomegalovirus ◽  
Viral Genome ◽  
Organ Transplant ◽  
Lytic Infection ◽  
Transplant Recipients ◽  
Cmv Infection ◽  
Hematopoietic Stem ◽  
Human Cd34 ◽  
Tnf Α ◽  
Prevalent Pathogen

Human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) is a highly prevalent pathogen that induces life-long infections notably through the establishment of latency in hematopoietic stem cells (HSC). Bouts of reactivation are normally controlled by the immune system, but can be fatal in immuno-compromised individuals such as organ transplant recipients. Here, we reveal that HCMV latency in human CD34+ HSC reflects the recruitment on the viral genome of KAP1, a master co-repressor, together with HP1 and the SETDB1 histone methyltransferase, which results in transcriptional silencing. During lytic infection, KAP1 is still associated with the viral genome, but its heterochromatin-inducing activity is suppressed by mTOR-mediated phosphorylation. Correspondingly, HCMV can be forced out of latency by KAP1 knockdown or pharmacological induction of KAP1 phosphorylation, and this process can be potentiated by activating NFkB with TNF-α. These results suggest new approaches both to curtail CMV infection and to purge the virus from organ transplants.

Induction of cellular DNA synthesis during lytic infection with SV 40: A function of viral genome

1971 ◽  
Vol 34 (4) ◽  
pp. 323-331 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Brandner ◽  
D. Boehlandt ◽  
J. Burger ◽  
M. Leveringhaus
Keyword(s):  
Dna Synthesis ◽  
Viral Genome ◽  
Lytic Infection ◽  
Cellular Dna

scholarly journals Regulation of Histone Deposition on the Herpes Simplex Virus Type 1 Genome during Lytic Infection

2009 ◽  
Vol 83 (11) ◽  
pp. 5835-5845 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sebla B. Kutluay ◽  
Steven J. Triezenberg
Keyword(s):  
Herpes Simplex ◽  
Viral Genome ◽  
Lytic Infection ◽  
Gene Promoters ◽  
Viral Genomes ◽  
Low Levels ◽  
Rnap Ii ◽  
Simplex Virus ◽  
Histone Deposition

ABSTRACT During lytic infection by herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1), histones are present at relatively low levels on the viral genome. However, the mechanisms that account for such low levels—how histone deposition on the viral genome is blocked or how histones are removed from the genome—are not yet defined. In this study, we show that histone occupancy on the viral genome gradually increased with time when transcription of the viral immediate-early (IE) genes was inhibited either by deletion of the VP16 activation domain or by chemical inhibition of RNA polymerase II (RNAP II). Inhibition of IE protein synthesis by cycloheximide did not affect histone occupancy on most IE promoters and coding regions but did cause an increase at delayed-early and late gene promoters. IE gene transcription from HSV-1 genomes associated with high levels of histones was stimulated by superinfection with HSV-2 without altering histone occupancy or covalent histone modifications at IE gene promoters. Moreover, RNAP II and histones cooccupied the viral genome in this context, indicating that RNAP II does not preferentially associate with viral genomes that are devoid of histones. These results suggest that during lytic infection, VP16, RNAP II, and IE proteins may all contribute to the low levels of histones on the viral genome, and yet the dearth of histones is neither a prerequisite for nor a necessary result of VP16-dependent transcription of nucleosomal viral genomes.

An Electron Microscopic Study of an Avian Reovirus that Causes Arthritis

1971 ◽  
Vol 29 ◽  
pp. 254-255
Author(s):  
E, R. Walker ◽  
N. O. Olson ◽  
M. H. Friedman
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Viral Genome ◽  
Inner Core ◽  
Avian Reovirus ◽  
Electron Microscopic ◽  
Outer Coat ◽  
Acid Type ◽  
Chicken Eggs ◽  
Icosahedral Particle ◽  
Mature Virus

An unidentified virus, responsible for an arthritic-like condition in chickens was studied by electron microscopy and other methods of viral investigation. It was characterized in chorio-allantoic membrane (CAM) lesions of embryonating chicken eggs and in tissue culture as to: 1) particle size; 2) structure; 3) mode of replication in the cell; and 4) nucleic acid type.The inoculated virus, coated and uncoated, is first seen in lysosomal-like inclusions near the nucleus; the virions appear to be uncoated in these electron dense inclusions (Figure 1), Although transfer of the viral genome from these inclusions is not observable, replicating virus and mature virus crystals are seen in the cytoplasm subsequent to the uncoating of the virions.The crystals are formed in association with a mass of fibrils 50 to 80 angstroms in diameter and a ribosome-studded structure that appears to be granular endoplasmic reticulum adapted to virus replication (Figure 2). The mature virion (Figure 3) is an icosahedral particle approximately 75 millimicrons in diameter. The inner core is 45 millimicrons, the outer coat 15 millimicrons, and the virion has no envelope.

DETECTION OF ALFACORONAVIRUSES, BETACORONAVIRUSES AND ASTROVIRUSES IN BAT FECAL SAMPLES FROM MOSCOW REGION

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
E.V. Korneenko ◽  
◽  
А.E. Samoilov ◽  
I.V. Artyushin ◽  
M.V. Safonova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Throughput ◽  
Viral Genome ◽  
High Throughput Sequencing ◽  
Pcr Amplification ◽  
Moscow Region ◽  
Fecal Samples ◽  
Genus Level ◽  
Zoonotic Viruses ◽  
Reservoir Hosts ◽  
Blastn Search

In our study we analyzed viral RNA in bat fecal samples from Moscow region (Zvenigorod district) collected in 2015. To detect various virus families and genera in bat fecal samples we used PCR amplification of viral genome fragments, followed by high-throughput sequencing. Blastn search of unassembled reads revealed the presence of viruses from families Astroviridae, Coronaviridae and Herpesviridae. Assembly using SPAdes 3.14 yields contigs of length 460–530 b.p. which correspond to genome fragments of Coronaviridae and Astroviridae. The taxonomy of coronaviruses has been determined to the genus level. We also showed that one bat can be a reservoir of several virus genuses. Thus, the bats in the Moscow region were confirmed as reservoir hosts for potentially zoonotic viruses.

First Detection of Tobacco Mosaic Virus in Tobacco Fields in Northern Lebanon

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rami Obeid ◽  
Elias Wehbe ◽  
Mohamad Rima ◽  
Mohammad Kabara ◽  
Romeo Al Bersaoui ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tobacco Mosaic Virus ◽  
Mosaic Virus ◽  
Viral Genome ◽  
Virus Genome ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Virus Family ◽  
Crop Fields ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Das Elisa

Background: Tobacco mosaic virus (TMV) is the most known virus in the plant mosaic virus family and is able to infect a wide range of crops, in particularly tobacco, causing a production loss. Objectives: Herein, and for the first time in Lebanon, we investigated the presence of TMV infection in crops by analyzing 88 samples of tobacco, tomato, cucumber and pepper collected from different regions in North Lebanon. Methods: Double-antibody sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (DAS-ELISA), revealed a potential TMV infection of four tobacco samples out of 88 crops samples collected. However, no tomato, cucumber and pepper samples were infected. The TMV+ tobacco samples were then extensively analyzed by RT-PCR to detect viral RNA using different primers covering all the viral genome. Results and Discussion: PCR results confirmed those of DAS-ELISA showing TMV infection of four tobacco samples collected from three crop fields of North Lebanon. In only one of four TMV+ samples, we were able to amplify almost all the regions of viral genome, suggesting possible mutations in the virus genome or an infection with a new, not yet identified, TMV strain. Conclusion: Our study is the first in Lebanon revealing TMV infection in crop fields, and highlighting the danger that may affect the future of agriculture.

Localization of Three Major Capped 5′ Ends of Polyoma Virus Late mRNA's Within a Single Tetranucleotide Sequence in the Viral Genome †

1980 ◽  
Vol 33 (2) ◽  
pp. 902-908 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew J. Flavell ◽  
Alison Cowie ◽  
John R. Arrand ◽  
Robert Kamen
Keyword(s):  
Viral Genome ◽  
Polyoma Virus

Molecular Evidence for Nosocomial Transmission of Human Immunodeficiency Virus from a Surgeon to One of His Patients

1998 ◽  
Vol 72 (5) ◽  
pp. 4537-4540 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alain Blanchard ◽  
Stéphane Ferris ◽  
Sophie Chamaret ◽  
Denise Guétard ◽  
Luc Montagnier
Keyword(s):  
Human Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Viral Genome ◽  
Pcr Amplification ◽  
Nosocomial Transmission ◽  
Molecular Evidence ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Reference Sequences ◽  
Hiv Type 1 ◽  
Viral Sequences

ABSTRACT We have investigated the molecular evidence in favor of the transmission of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) from an HIV-infected surgeon to one of his patients. After PCR amplification, theenv and gag sequences from the viral genome were cloned and sequenced. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that the viral sequences derived from the surgeon and his patient are closely related, which strongly suggests that nosocomial transmission occurred. In addition, these viral sequences belong to group M of HIV type 1 but are divergent from the reference sequences of the known subtypes.

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