Complex Biological Profile of Hematologic Markers across Pediatric, Adult, and Geriatric Ages: Establishment of Robust Pediatric and Adult Reference Intervals on the Basis of the Canadian Health Measures Survey

AbstractBACKGROUNDIn a collaboration between the Canadian Laboratory Initiative on Pediatric Reference Intervals (CALIPER) and the Canadian Health Measures Survey (CHMS), we determined reference value distributions using an a priori approach and created a comprehensive database of age- and sex-stratified reference intervals for clinically relevant hematologic parameters in a large household population of children and adults.METHODSThe CHMS collected data and blood samples from 11 999 respondents aged 3–79 years. Hematology markers were measured with either the Beckman Coulter HmX or Siemens Sysmex CA-500 Series analyzers. After applying exclusion criteria and removing outliers, we determined statistically relevant age and sex partitions and calculated reference intervals, including 90% CIs, according to CSLI C28-A3 guidelines.RESULTSHematology marker values showed dynamic changes from childhood into adulthood as well as between sexes, necessitating distinct partitions throughout life. Most age partitions were necessary during childhood, reflecting the hematologic changes that occur during growth and development. Hemoglobin, red blood cell count, hematocrit, and indices (mean corpuscular volume, mean corpuscular hemoglobin, and mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration) increased with age, but females had lower hemoglobin and hematocrit starting at puberty. Platelet count gradually decreased with age and required multiple sex partitions during adolescence and adulthood. White blood cell count remained relatively constant over life, whereas fibrinogen increased slightly, requiring distinct age and sex partitions.CONCLUSIONSThe robust dataset generated in this study has allowed observation of dynamic biological profiles of several hematology markers and the establishment of comprehensive age- and sex-specific reference intervals that may contribute to accurate monitoring of pediatric, adult, and geriatric patients.

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Hematology, Biochemistry Reference Intervals, and Morphological Description of Peripheral Blood Cells for a Captive Population of Crocodylus intermedius in Colombia

Frontiers in Veterinary Science ◽

10.3389/fvets.2021.694354 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 8 ◽

Author(s):

Steven Barajas-Valero ◽

Cristian Rodríguez-Almonacid ◽

Zulma Rojas-Sereno ◽

Carlos Moreno-Torres ◽

Nubia E. Matta

Keyword(s):

Alkaline Phosphatase ◽

Blood Cell ◽

Cell Count ◽

Blood Cells ◽

Reference Intervals ◽

Morphological Description ◽

Mean Corpuscular Hemoglobin ◽

Peripheral Blood Cells ◽

Blood Cell Count ◽

Corpuscular Hemoglobin

The Orinoco crocodile (Crocodylus intermedius, Graves, 1918) is the most threatened crocodilian of South America. There is only scarce information available about the physiology of this neotropical crocodile. This study aimed to propose baseline hematological and biochemistry reference data and intervals and a morphological description of the peripheral blood cells of captive C. intermedius. Blood was collected from 318 clinically healthy individuals maintained in captivity at Villavicencio, Colombia. Eight of these individuals were sampled and resampled, and these data were compared. Reference intervals were proposed for hematological values [packed cell volume (PCV), red blood cell count, white blood cell count, mean corpuscular volume, mean corpuscular hemoglobin, mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration, hemoglobin, and white blood cell count differential counts] and biochemistries [total solids, alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase, lactate dehydrogenase, creatine kinase, glucose, albumin, cholesterol, uric acid, creatinine, and lactate] including adults and juveniles, males and females' crocodiles. Blood cell morphology for the species is described. Significant differences between sex and age were observed. The intraindividual analysis concluded differences for total solids (P ≤ 0.01) and red blood cell counts (P ≤ 0.01). Some biochemical analytes showed a moderate correlation between them, such as ALT–alkaline phosphatase and ALT–uric acid. We present here novel and baseline data with special importance for the clinical diagnosis, improving the national reintroduction programs from either in situ and ex situ populations.

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Development of Novel Continuous and Interval Exercise Programs by Applying the FITT-VP Principle in Dogs

The Scientific World JOURNAL ◽

10.1155/2020/3029591 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 2020 ◽

pp. 1-9

Author(s):

H. S. Lee ◽

S. H. Lee ◽

J. W. Kim ◽

Y. S. Lee ◽

B. C. Lee ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Exercise Training ◽

Blood Cell ◽

Cell Count ◽

Mean Corpuscular Hemoglobin ◽

Reference Ranges ◽

Blood Cell Count ◽

Corpuscular Hemoglobin ◽

Exercise Programs ◽

Interval Exercise ◽

Essential Components

Although proper exercise training induces positive physiological effects, improper exercise can lead to injury, fatigue, and poor performance. The frequency, intensity, time/duration, type, volume, and progression (FITT-VP) are the essential components of exercise training to maintain or improve physical fitness and health. The purpose of this study was to develop specific exercise programs by applying the FITT-VP principle and to examine the effects on heart rate (HR) and hematological and biochemical parameters in dogs. The healthy male Beagles (n = 4) included in this study performed continuous and interval exercises, comprising 12 protocols. The HR monitoring elicited an affirmative response to activities but varied depending on the protocols. The hematologic parameters (e.g., red blood cell count, white blood cell count, hemoglobin, mean corpuscular hemoglobin, and mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration) were within the reference ranges both before and after exercise. The creatine kinase level significantly increased, and the cholesterol level decreased after exercises. In conclusion, the continuous and interval exercise program elicits an appropriate HR reaction, has no adverse effects on the serum parameters, and provides valuable insight for healthcare in dogs.

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Hematological parameters in Nile Tilápia, Oreochromis niloticus exposed to sub-letal concentrations of mercury

Brazilian Archives of Biology and Technology ◽

10.1590/s1516-89132007000400007 ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 50 (4) ◽

pp. 619-626 ◽

Cited By ~ 21

Author(s):

Nilton Massuo Ishikawa ◽

Maria José Tavares Ranzani-Paiva ◽

Julio Vicente Lombardi ◽

Cláudia Maris Ferreira

Keyword(s):

Blood Cell ◽

Cell Count ◽

Oreochromis Niloticus ◽

Hematological Parameters ◽

Hemoglobin Concentration ◽

Control Group ◽

Mean Corpuscular Hemoglobin ◽

Blood Cell Count ◽

Corpuscular Hemoglobin ◽

Set Up

Mercury toxicity in tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus, (Linnaeus, 1758) was investigated by the hematological parameters after long-term (14 days) exposure to various Hg concentrations (0.02, 0.002, 0.0002mg/L Hg). Test groups were set up with three replicates for each concentration, plus the control group. Blood samples were collected from six individuals for each concentration at 0, 3, 7, 10 and 14 days of exposure. The hematological parameters analyzed were: total red blood cell count (RBC), hemoglobin concentration (Hb), hematocrit (Ht), mean corpuscular volume (MCV), mean corpuscular hemoglobin (MCH), mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC), total white blood cell count (WBC) and differential leukocyte counts and total thrombocyte count (Tr). There were no significant differences among the mean hematological values at the different Hg concentrations indicating that Hg at the concentrations studied was not toxic to tilapia.

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Hematological changes in Eleginops maclovinus during an experimental Caligus rogercresseyi infestation

Revista Brasileira de Parasitologia Veterinária ◽

10.1590/s1984-29612013000300014 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 22 (3) ◽

pp. 402-406 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Patricio Peña-Rehbein ◽

Karin Ruiz ◽

Alexander Ortloff ◽

María Isabel Pizarro ◽

Carolina Navarrete

Keyword(s):

Blood Cell ◽

Cell Count ◽

White Blood Cell Count ◽

White Blood Cell ◽

Hemoglobin Level ◽

Mean Corpuscular Hemoglobin ◽

Reference Ranges ◽

Blood Cell Count ◽

Corpuscular Hemoglobin ◽

Eleginops Maclovinus

Eleginops maclovinus has been an important fishery resource in Chile since 1957. Caligus rogercresseyi is one of the most prevalent ectoparasite species found on E. maclovinus. Hematocrit, hemoglobin level, red blood cell count (RBC), white blood cell count (WBC), mean corpuscular volume (MCV), mean corpuscular hemoglobin (MCH), mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC) and differential white blood cell count were determined before and after an experimental infestation withC. rogercresseyi. We found significant differences in the hemoglobin level, WBC, MCV, MCH, MCHC, hematocrit level and RBC between infested and uninfested fish. Furthermore correlations between number of C. rogercresseyi with hematocrit, MCHC, neutrophil, eosinophil and lymphocyte counts were found. Hematological reference ranges of E. maclovinus in captivity conditions were also established.

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PSIV-27 Peripheral complete blood cell count results in pigs are impacted by gender, sow parity, and farrowing season

Journal of Animal Science ◽

10.1093/jas/skaa278.525 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 98 (Supplement_4) ◽

pp. 291-292

Author(s):

Elle Rottman ◽

Alisun N Watson ◽

Catherine Buck ◽

Tsungcheng Tsai ◽

Jeffery J Chewning ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Blood Cell ◽

Cell Count ◽

Whole Blood ◽

Blood Cells ◽

White Blood Cells ◽

Mean Corpuscular Hemoglobin ◽

Complete Blood Cell Count ◽

Blood Cell Count ◽

Corpuscular Hemoglobin ◽

Cell Counts

Abstract Complete blood cell counts have been used as a diagnostic tool across many animal species including swine. To investigate the factors that cause variation in complete blood cell count results, a total of 2,284 whole blood samples were collected from 2012 to 2019 in preweaning piglets (n = 518), nursery pigs (n = 1,704), and grower pigs (n = 60). Whole blood was collected into K2EDTA blood collection tubes and assayed using an automatic hematologic analyzer within 6 hours of collection. Data were analyzed by Mixed procedure of SAS with gender, parity group, and farrowing season as fixed effects. Body weight and age of pigs served as covariances. Farrowing season was grouped into summer (born during May to October) or winter (or November to April). Pigs that were born from first, second, and third parity, and four and above parity sows were assorted into parity group 1, 2 to 3, and 4+, respectively. Barrows had a greater concentration of total white blood cells (P < 0.01), lymphocytes (P < 0.01), and neutrophils (P < 0.01) compared to gilts. Barrows had lower mean corpuscular volume (P = 0.03), mean corpuscular hemoglobin (P < 0.01), and mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (P = 0.02) compared to gilts. Pigs that were farrowed in the winter season had a greater concentration of white blood cells (P = 0.01), neutrophils (P = 0.01), and the percentage of neutrophils (P = 0.03), but were lower in the percentage of lymphocytes (P = 0.03) compared to pigs farrowed during summer. Pigs born to parity four and above sows obtained a greater lymphocyte count (P = 0.01), percentage of neutrophils (P = 0.02), and percentage of lymphocytes (P = 0.01). We concluded that peripheral complete blood cells count results were affected by gender, farrowing season, and sow parity.

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Comparison of Hematological and Biochemical Profiles of Late Pregnant and Non-Pregnant Mares

jurnal veteriner ◽

10.19087/jveteriner.2021.22.1.1 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 22 (1) ◽

pp. 1-7

Author(s):

Murat Onur Yazlik ◽

Ezgi Dikmeoglu ◽

Arzu Esen ◽

Ufuk Kaya ◽

Özgenur Kafkas ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Blood Cell ◽

Cell Count ◽

Biochemical Parameters ◽

Hemoglobin Concentration ◽

Mean Corpuscular Hemoglobin ◽

Clinical Practices ◽

Blood Cell Count ◽

Corpuscular Hemoglobin ◽

Mean Cell Volume ◽

Pregnancy Status

The maternal body must adapt to fetal growth and development during the state of pregnancy for successful foal and mother. Pregnancy status as in other mammals is related to physiology and hematology. This study aimed to compare the hematology profiles and biochemical parameters of late pregnant and non-pregnant mares. Twenty-two mares were included in the study. Mares were divided into two groups according to the pregnancy status. Hematology profile and biochemical parameters were analyzed from blood samples collected from the jugular vein. All data were analyzed using Stata 12/MP4. White blood cell count, lymphocyte, red blood cell count, hemoglobin concentration, hematocrit, monocyte and percentage of monocyte were significantly lower in non-pregnant mares compared to late pregnant mares (P<0.05). No significant differences were noted in values of neutrophil, eosinophil, mean cell volume, mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration, mean corpuscular hemoglobin, platelet, mean platelet volume, red cell distribution width in both groups (P>0.05). On the other hand, biochemical parameters analysis showed that calcium, total bilirubin, and triglyceride concentrations were greater in late pregnant mares (P<0.05). However, urea, albumin, cholesterol, and magnesium concentrations were similar among groups (P>0.05). In conclusion, the present study showed hematology profile and biochemical parameters differences in late pregnant and non-pregnant mares. These values could be useful in clinical practices to assess the situation of late pregnant mares.

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The Aachen Minipig: Phenotype, Genotype, Hematological and Biochemical Characterization, and Comparison to the Göttingen Minipig

European Surgical Research ◽

10.1159/000471483 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 58 (5-6) ◽

pp. 193-203 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Kerstin Pawlowsky ◽

Lisa Ernst ◽

Julia Steitz ◽

Thaddäus Stopinski ◽

Babette Kögel ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Blood Cell ◽

Cell Count ◽

Reference Values ◽

Biomedical Research ◽

Clinical Chemistry ◽

Mean Corpuscular Hemoglobin ◽

Blood Cell Count ◽

Corpuscular Hemoglobin ◽

Organ Weights ◽

Göttingen Minipig

Background: The pig is one of the most frequently used large animal models for biomedical research, especially in the field of translational research and surgical models. While standard livestock breeds are used in short-term and acute studies, minipig breeds are the preferred breeds in long-term and chronic studies due to their limited growth and body weight. Objective: In consideration of the 3R principle (refinement, reduction, replacement) and the increasing demand, the aim of this study was to generate a new, robust, non-specific-pathogen-free minipig breed, the Aachen minipig. Methods: Phenotype, genotype, and hematological as well as clinical chemistry parameters were characterized, and reference values of the Aachen minipig were generated and compared to the values in the commonly used Göttingen minipig. Organ weights of the heart, kidney, liver, lung, spleen, and brain were determined using a laboratory balance. Blood samples were collected for hematology and clinical chemistry. Assessment of genetic diversity was performed by microsatellite markers. Nasal swabs were collected from 11 individual minipigs representing 6 races for DNA extraction. DNA was quantified and the identity and origin of the Aachen minipigs at the genomic level was determined by microsatellites. Results: The Aachen minipig established here is based on the Mini-LEWE breed and consists of the Vietnamese potbelly pig, the Schwäbisch Hällisch Landpig, the German Landrace, and the Minnesota minipig. Relative organ weights (lung, heart, kidneys, brain), hematology (hemoglobin, hematocrit, platelet count, mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration, segmented neutrophils, lymphocytes, eosinophils, basophils), and clinical chemistry parameters (sodium, calcium, chloride, alkaline phosphatase, aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, gamma-glutamyl transferase, lactate dehydrogenase, triglycerides, blood urea nitrogen, creatinine, total bilirubin, total protein, creatine kinase) of the Aachen minipigs and the Göttingen minipigs were not significantly different. Significant differences where only seen in relative organ weights (liver, spleen), hematology (red blood cell count, mean corpuscular volume, mean corpuscular hemoglobin, white blood cell count, banded neutrophils, monocytes), and clinical chemistry parameters (inorganic phosphorus, potassium, glucose, cholesterol, albumin, amylase). Conclusion: The Aachen minipig is a suitable model for research due to its similarity to other minipig breeds, especially the Göttingen minipig. The reference values established in this study may be used for the comparison of scientific data and encourage the use of the Aachen minipig as an animal model for biomedical research.

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Complex Reference Values for Endocrine and Special Chemistry Biomarkers across Pediatric, Adult, and Geriatric Ages: Establishment of Robust Pediatric and Adult Reference Intervals on the Basis of the Canadian Health Measures Survey

Clinical Chemistry ◽

10.1373/clinchem.2015.240523 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 61 (8) ◽

pp. 1063-1074 ◽

Cited By ~ 29

Author(s):

Khosrow Adeli ◽

Victoria Higgins ◽

Michelle Nieuwesteeg ◽

Joshua E Raizman ◽

Yunqi Chen ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Reference Values ◽

Reference Value ◽

Reference Intervals ◽

Specific Reference ◽

Blood Samples ◽

Health Measures ◽

Laboratory Test Results ◽

Canadian Health ◽

Canadian Health Measures Survey ◽

Age And Sex

Abstract BACKGROUND Defining laboratory biomarker reference values in a healthy population and understanding the fluctuations in biomarker concentrations throughout life and between sexes are critical to clinical interpretation of laboratory test results in different disease states. The Canadian Health Measures Survey (CHMS) has collected blood samples and health information from the Canadian household population. In collaboration with the Canadian Laboratory Initiative on Pediatric Reference Intervals (CALIPER), the data have been analyzed to determine reference value distributions and reference intervals for several endocrine and special chemistry biomarkers in pediatric, adult, and geriatric age groups. METHODS CHMS collected data and blood samples from thousands of community participants aged 3 to 79 years. We used serum samples to measure 13 immunoassay-based special chemistry and endocrine markers. We assessed reference value distributions and, after excluding outliers, calculated age- and sex-specific reference intervals, along with corresponding 90% CIs, according to CLSI C28-A3 guidelines. RESULTS We observed fluctuations in biomarker reference values across the pediatric, adult, and geriatric age range, with stratification required on the basis of age for all analytes. Additional sex partitions were required for apolipoprotein AI, homocysteine, ferritin, and high sensitivity C-reactive protein. CONCLUSIONS The unique collaboration between CALIPER and CHMS has enabled, for the first time, a detailed examination of the changes in various immunochemical markers that occur in healthy individuals of different ages. The robust age- and sex-specific reference intervals established in this study provide insight into the complex biological changes that take place throughout development and aging and will contribute to improved clinical test interpretation.

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Hematology values of captive giant anteaters (Myrmecophaga tridactyla) and collared anteaters (Tamandua tetradactyla)

Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira ◽

10.1590/s0100-736x2013000400022 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 33 (4) ◽

pp. 557-560 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Thaís C. Sanches ◽

Flávia R. Miranda ◽

Alice S. Oliveira ◽

Eliana R. Matushima

Keyword(s):

Blood Cell ◽

Cell Count ◽

Hemoglobin Concentration ◽

Relevant Information ◽

Disease Diagnosis ◽

Sao Paulo ◽

Mean Corpuscular Hemoglobin ◽

São Paulo ◽

Blood Cell Count ◽

Corpuscular Hemoglobin

Hematological results are reported for 13 giant anteaters (Myrmecophaga tridactyla) and 13 collared anteaters (Tamandua tetradactyla). Animals were captive-reared adults held at the Fundação Parque Zoológico de São Paulo (São Paulo, SP, Brazil) and Parque Zoológico Municipal Quinzinho de Barros (Sorocaba, SP, Brazil), and were considered healthy on physical examination. Examined parameters included red blood cell count, white blood cell count, hematocrit, hemoglobin concentration, mean corpuscular volume, mean corpuscular hemoglobin, mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration, total plasmatic protein and differential leukocyte counts. Also, a survey for hemoparasites was done and none was observed in thin blood smears. The results were generally similar to those previously reported in the exiguous literature for these species, providing further reference data for the interpretation of laboratory results besides health monitoring, assisting early disease diagnosis and providing relevant information for conservation programs for these species.

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Biochemical Marker Reference Values across Pediatric, Adult, and Geriatric Ages: Establishment of Robust Pediatric and Adult Reference Intervals on the Basis of the Canadian Health Measures Survey

Clinical Chemistry ◽

10.1373/clinchem.2015.240515 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 61 (8) ◽

pp. 1049-1062 ◽

Cited By ~ 54

Author(s):

Khosrow Adeli ◽

Victoria Higgins ◽

Michelle Nieuwesteeg ◽

Joshua E Raizman ◽

Yunqi Chen ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Health Information ◽

Reference Values ◽

Biochemical Markers ◽

Biochemical Marker ◽

Reference Intervals ◽

Health Measures ◽

Physical Measurements ◽

Canadian Health ◽

Canadian Health Measures Survey ◽

Age And Sex

Abstract BACKGROUND Biological covariates such as age and sex can markedly influence biochemical marker reference values, but no comprehensive study has examined such changes across pediatric, adult, and geriatric ages. The Canadian Health Measures Survey (CHMS) collected comprehensive nationwide health information and blood samples from children and adults in the household population and, in collaboration with the Canadian Laboratory Initiative on Pediatric Reference Intervals (CALIPER), examined biological changes in biochemical markers from pediatric to geriatric age, establishing a comprehensive reference interval database for routine disease biomarkers. METHODS The CHMS collected health information, physical measurements, and biosamples (blood and urine) from approximately 12 000 Canadians aged 3–79 years and measured 24 biochemical markers with the Ortho Vitros 5600 FS analyzer or a manual microplate. By use of CLSI C28-A3 guidelines, we determined age- and sex-specific reference intervals, including corresponding 90% CIs, on the basis of specific exclusion criteria. RESULTS Biochemical marker reference values exhibited dynamic changes from pediatric to geriatric age. Most biochemical markers required some combination of age and/or sex partitioning. Two or more age partitions were required for all analytes except bicarbonate, which remained constant throughout life. Additional sex partitioning was required for most biomarkers, except bicarbonate, total cholesterol, total protein, urine iodine, and potassium. CONCLUSIONS Understanding the fluctuations in biochemical markers over a wide age range provides important insight into biological processes and facilitates clinical application of biochemical markers to monitor manifestation of various disease states. The CHMS-CALIPER collaboration addresses this important evidence gap and allows the establishment of robust pediatric and adult reference intervals.

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