scholarly journals Factors Associated with Recent Increase of Multiple Births in Spain

2008 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 70-76 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vicente Fuster ◽  
Pilar Zuluaga ◽  
Sonia Colantonio ◽  
Clemente de Blas
Keyword(s):  
Older Women ◽  
Maternal Age ◽  
Reference Group ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Relative Contribution ◽  
High Incidence ◽  
Spanish Women ◽  
Opposite Sex ◽  
Mother’S Age

AbstractThe increased incidence of multiple deliveries in Spain, in addition to changes in age at maternity and parity, is attributed to assisted reproductive treatments, but the relative contribution of the latter to this rise remains uncertain, due to the scarce information provided by clinics practicing those treatments. Population based data (1984–2004), including information on mother's age, nationality, marital status, date of delivery, and the characteristics of each (parity, single or multiple), and sex of newborns were provided by the Spanish Institute of Statistics. Twinning and triplet deliveries relate to maternal age, parity, and nationality. For younger ages (≤ 19, 20–24, 25–29) rates remained constant over time, but for older women (30–34, 35–39, ≥ 40) rates increased after 1994. From 1984 to 2004 the percentage of twins of opposite sex increased from 24.31 to 36.58 per cent. Since 1997, Spanish and non-Spanish mothers differentiate with respect to multiple maternity at ages over 30. In addition to unmarried Spanish women, immigrants constitute a reliable reference group that determines the convenience of segregating information on multiple deliveries respecting origin. The proportion of twins and triplets of opposite sex, maternal age, and parity patterns observed are concordant with a differential access to reproductive treatments depending on the woman's age. The present norm regulating the maximum number of fertilizations per cycle and the demand for these treatments explain the high incidence of multiple deliveries in Spain. A modified logistic curve predicts a stabilization of multiple deliveries, which will probably continue to be high in Spain.

scholarly journals External introductions helped drive and sustain the high incidence of HIV-1 in rural KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
David A. Rasmussen ◽  
Eduan Wilkinson ◽  
Alain Vandormael ◽  
Frank Tanser ◽  
Deenan Pillay ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antiretroviral Therapy ◽  
Local Community ◽  
Human Mobility ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Subtype C ◽  
Epidemic Dynamics ◽  
Relative Contribution ◽  
Kwazulu Natal ◽  
High Incidence ◽  
Hiv 1

AbstractDespite increasing access to antiretroviral therapy, HIV incidence in rural KwaZulu-Natal communities remains among the highest ever reported in Africa. While many epidemiological factors have been invoked to explain this high incidence, widespread human mobility and movement of viral lineages between geographic locations have implicated high rates of transmission across communities. High rates of crosscommunity transmission call into question how effective increasing local coverage of antiretroviral therapy will be at preventing new infections, especially if many new cases arise from external introductions. To help address this question, we use a new phylodynamic modeling approach to estimate both changes in epidemic dynamics through time and the relative contribution of local transmission versus external introductions to overall incidence from HIV-1 subtype C phylogenies. Our phylodynamic estimates of HIV prevalence and incidence are remarkably consistent with population-based surveillance data. Our analysis also reveals that early epidemic dynamics in this population were largely driven by a wave of external introductions. More recently, we estimate that anywhere between 20-60% of all new infections arise from external introductions from outside the local community. These results highlight the power of using phylodynamic methods to study generalized HIV epidemics and the growing need to consider larger-scale regional transmission dynamics above the level of local communities when designing and testing prevention strategies.

scholarly journals Factors associated with hallux valgus in a population-based study of older women and men: the MOBILIZE Boston Study

2010 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 41-46 ◽  
Author(s):  
U.-S.D.T. Nguyen ◽  
H.J. Hillstrom ◽  
W. Li ◽  
A.B. Dufour ◽  
D.P. Kiel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Older Women ◽  
Hallux Valgus ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Population Based Study ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Boston Study

scholarly journals Geographical Variations and Factors Associated with Childhood Diarrhea in Tanzania: A National Population Based Survey 2015-16

1970 ◽  
Vol 29 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul Edwin ◽  
Muluken Azage
Keyword(s):  
Mixed Model ◽  
Linear Mixed Model ◽  
Wealth Index ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Childhood Diarrhea ◽  
Under Five ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Under Five Children ◽  
Geographical Variations ◽  
Mother’S Age

BACKGROUND: Diarrhea remains the leading cause of morbidity and mortality among under 5 children in low- and middle-income countries. In Tanzania, diarrhea remains one of the major public health problems. This study aimed to investigate spatial variations and the factors correlated with diarrhea in under five children.METHODS: This is a secondary data analysis using data from the population-based cross section Tanzanian Demographic and Health Survey 2015-16 data. Spatial analysis was done using the Bernoulli model from SaTScan™ software, and a generalized linear mixed model was used to identify the factors associated with childhood diarrhea.RESULTS: The overall reported prevalence of childhood diarrhea for the under five children in Tanzania was 12.1% (95%CI 11.3%-12.9%). The SaTScan spatial statics analysis revealed that diarrhea in children was not random. The odds of diarrhea were 7.35 times higher (AOR= 7.35; 95%CI: 5.29, 10.22) among children in the 6- 11 months age group compared to children within the 48-59 months of age. As mother’s age increased, the risk of diarrhea for the under five children decreased whereas the highest risk of diarrhea was observed in the two rich income brackets richer (AOR=1.70, 95%CI=1.30, 2.22), and richest (AOR= 1.05, 95%CI=1, 1.09). The odds of diarrhea were 1.25 times higher (AOR=1.25, 95%CI=1.06, 1.46) among children with unsafe stool disposal compared to those with safe disposal.CONCLUSION: The socio-demographic factors associated with diarrhea among children were mother’s age in years, current age of the child, wealth index and child stool disposal.

Is forty the new thirty? Population based study of advanced maternal age

2018 ◽  
Vol 46 (3) ◽  
pp. 247-250 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gabrijela Brzan Simenc ◽  
Isaac Blickstein ◽  
Ivan Verdenik ◽  
Andreja Trojner Bregar ◽  
Miha Lucovnik ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Maternal Age ◽  
Reference Group ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Perinatal Outcomes ◽  
Preterm Births ◽  
Advanced Maternal Age ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Adverse Perinatal Outcomes ◽  
Over 40 Years

Abstract Objective: To compare perinatal outcomes in different advanced maternal age groups. Patients and methods: We used a population-based data set to compare perinatal outcomes in three maternal age groups: 30–34.9, 35–39.9, and in women over 40 years. Results: Over a 10-year period there were 23,422 (25.2%) births in the 35–39.9 years group, 3987 (4.3%) in the over 40 years group, and 65,492 births (70.5%) in our reference group (30–34.9 years). A direct significant relationship was found between maternal age and BMI and between pregnancy complications such as diabetes and hypertensive disorders, whereas an inverse relationship was found between older age and nuliparity and spontaneous conceptions. Also, older mothers had a higher incidence of both types of cesareans, and more early as well as late preterm births. Perinatal mortality was similar in all groups. Conclusions: Advanced maternal age is associated with higher, gradually increasing, incidence, of adverse perinatal outcomes.

Contribution of Different Physiological and Anatomical Factors to the Anterior Chamber Angle During Pupil Dilation

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sara Jouzdani ◽  
Rouzbeh Amini ◽  
Victor H. Barocas
Keyword(s):  
Older Women ◽  
Asian Population ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Angle Closure ◽  
Anterior Chamber Angle ◽  
Physiological Factors ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Primary Angle Closure ◽  
Primary Angle Closure Glaucoma ◽  
Dilator Muscle

Angle closure is well documented to be more severe in dilation [1, 2]. In addition, many anatomical and physiological factors associated with dilation may also contribute to severity of angle-closure. For example, population-based studies have shown that the prevalence rates of primary angle closure glaucoma (PACG) are relatively high among Asian population, particularly older women. Three potential causes for dilation-induced angle-closure have been reported: iris volume change (or lack thereof), posterior location of the dilator muscle, and (dynamic) pupillary block.

scholarly journals Comparative cytogenetic analysis of early reproductive losses depending of maternal age

2018 ◽  
Vol 23 ◽  
pp. 226-231
Author(s):  
I. R. Tkach ◽  
N. L. Huleyuk ◽  
D. V. Zastavna ◽  
K. O. Sosnina ◽  
G. M. Bezkorovaina ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Older Women ◽  
Maternal Age ◽  
Pregnancy Loss ◽  
Chorionic Villus ◽  
Human Reproduction ◽  
Intrauterine Development ◽  
Autosomal Trisomy ◽  
High Incidence ◽  
Reproductive Loss ◽  
Reproductive Losses

Aim. Human reproduction characterized by a high incidence of aneuploidies. Approximately 99 % of conceptions with anomalies of karyotype terminate of pregnancy loss, mainly during the first 14 weeks of intrauterine development. The frequency and spectrum of karyotype anomalies in the chorionic villus of early reproductive losses were studied depending of maternal age. Methods. Banding cytogenetic and interphase mFISH with the centromeric probe panel for chromosomes 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 21, 22, X and Y were used. Results. The contribution of different karyotype abnormalities in the genesis of the early reproductive losses depends on the age of the woman, namely, with age significantly increases the proportion of aneuploidy due to autosomal trisomies and reduced contribution of polyploidy and gonosomal monosomy. The main autosomal trisomy in the material of lost pregnancies from women under the age of 35 is 16, 21 and 15, 22, 13 and 18 in order of decreasing frequency, and from older women 16, 15, 22, 21, 13 and 14. Conclusions. The structure and rate of karyotype anomalies in the material of lost pregnancies varies with maternal age. Keywords: early reproductive loss, maternal age, karyotype abnormalities.

Neonatal Outcome of Macrosomia

2020 ◽  
Vol 40 (2) ◽  
pp. 114-119
Author(s):  
Subhash Chandra Shah ◽  
Anusmriti Guragain ◽  
Shreejana Pandey ◽  
Ajaya Kumar Dhakal
Keyword(s):  
Maternal Age ◽  
Neonatal Outcome ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Pregnancy Induced Hypertension ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Adverse Neonatal Outcome ◽  
Induced Hypertension ◽  
Appropriate For Gestational Age ◽  
Prolonged Hospital

Introduction: Macrosomia is an emerging public health problem, both in the developed as well as in the developing countries. This study was aimed to examine the maternal and neonatal risk factors associated with macrosomia and compare adverse neonatal outcome between appropriate for gestational age (AGA) and macrosomia. Methods: Records of all live singleton AGA and macrosomic babies delivered at a tertiary care teaching hospital in Lalitpur, Nepal, between 14th April 2013 and 13th April 2014 were retrospectively reviewed. Results: Of the 769 deliveries, 684 neonates were eligible of which 93 were born macrosomic with an incidence of 12.1%. We observed the most significant neonatal outcome to be neonatal sepsis (14%; p = 0.005) compared to AGA babies (5.9%). Macrosomia was found to be associated with increasing maternal age and parity (p = 0.007) relative to mothers of AGA babies, most of whom underwent caesarean section (55.9%) whilst the same outcome was fewer for mothers of AGA babies (29.9%). A higher incidence of pregnancy induced hypertension (PIH) as maternal comorbidity (5.4%) was associated with macrosomia contrasted with mothers of AGA babies (4.4%). Conclusion: Macrosomic birth was found to be associated with relatively higher adverse neonatal outcome, warranting prolonged hospital admission than AGA births.

MALIGNANT TUMORS ASSOCIATED WITH METABOLIC SYNDROME: THE EXPRESSION PROFILE OF THE TRANSCRIPTIONAL AND GROWTH FACTORS

2017 ◽  
Vol 63 (6) ◽  
pp. 817-823
Author(s):  
Natalya Yunusova ◽  
Irina Kondakova ◽  
Sergey Afanasev ◽  
Larisa Kolomiets ◽  
Alena Chernyshova
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Growth Factors ◽  
Cell Motility ◽  
Expression Profile ◽  
Malignant Tumors ◽  
Molecular Targets ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
High Incidence

The study of the pathogenetic features of malignant tumors associated with metabolic syndrome (MS) is relevant because of high incidence of these tumors. Investigations of the mechanisms of involvement of MS in the pathogenesis of cancer reasonably supplemented by the study of transcription and growth factors associated with energy imbalance of the cell and involved in proliferation, apoptosis, angiogenesis, cell motility and inflammation. More research is needed to identify the most promising molecular targets for therapy of malignant tumors associated with MS with a view to increasing the survival and quality of life of these patients.

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