Service design method for both non-human and human actors: What kinds of jobs should be assigned to service robots?

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 141-163 ◽  
Author(s):  
Satoru Tokuhisa ◽  
Tetsuro Morimoto
Keyword(s):  
Design Process ◽  
Design Method ◽  
Elderly Care ◽  
Care Facility ◽  
Service Design ◽  
Service Robots ◽  
Design Tools ◽  
Original Design ◽  
Care Facilities ◽  
Human Actors

A variety of healthcare robots for elderly care have been developed. However, as the elderly and caregivers experience psychological resistance towards not only new technologies but specifically to robots, the adoption of healthcare robots has scarcely progressed. This article aims to develop a service design method, which consists of a design process including design tools to identify jobs in an elderly care facility and to reveal what kinds of jobs to assign to service robots and to caregivers. This article develops a design method which is composed of six steps and adopts original design tools to identify jobs needed in elderly care facilities and assign them to human and non-human actors, including service robots. The tools include an actor map to visualize the Actor to Actor (A2A) network, a current jobs to be done (JTBD) worksheet to visualize existing jobs, a new JTBD worksheet to visualize new jobs, and an actor worksheet to summarize information about each actor including their philosophy. With this design method, we conducted a series of workshops with the aim to develop a service fulfilled by humans and non-humans at an elderly care facility in Shizuoka prefecture in Japan. The results of questionnaires administered to the workshop participants demonstrated the effectiveness of all the tools except the new JTBD worksheet. Also, the results of interviews with employees in the elderly care facility indicated the effectiveness of the approach, which reveals visible and invisible regulative, normative and cultural-cognitive elements through interviews with human actors, and embeds them in the service design process. The design method including the original design tools proposed in this article contribute to a service design method for the use of robots in elderly care facilities by allocating jobs to human actors and non-human actors appropriately, and it also contributes to the issue of psychological resistance to the adoption of service robots in these facilities, which brings efficiencies to society. The contribution of this article is to reframe the issue of resistance to the adoption of service robots in elderly care facilities to the issue of what kinds of jobs in an elderly care facility should be assigned to service robots or caregivers, and the development of a service design process including original design tools.

scholarly journals State of the Art in the Eco-Design Field: Toward Specifications for the Integration of Eco-Design in the Automotive Sector

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julien Garcia ◽  
Dominique Millet ◽  
Pierre Tonnelier
Keyword(s):  
Design Process ◽  
Learning Process ◽  
Automotive Industry ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Design Method ◽  
Innovation Process ◽  
Process Models ◽  
Environmental Constraints ◽  
Design Tools ◽  
Structure Development

This paper lies within the integration of an eco-design method adapted to the Innovation structure at a car manufacturer. The environmental constraints in the automotive industry are more and more important (European emission standards for exhaust emissions, European directive on end-of life vehicles …). Eco-design is a new manner to design products related to the concept of sustainable development, which combines economy and ecology and put the environmental criterion alongside the classical criterions of design. The goal of this study is to identify the specifications of a strategy for integrating the dimension “Environment”. This strategy is applied in the innovation process thanks to eco-design tools which are the learning vectors for an organization, and therefore support a learning process. This process is structured with the interactions between the management of firm, the environment department, and the design team. Therefore we first make a synthesis of the different classifications of eco-design tools and use two categories: diagnosis and improvement. Second, as our goal is the integration in the Innovation structure and within a design process, we analyze some design process models and highlight the RID (Research, Innovation structure, Development) concept. Third, the main practices of several car makers are synthetized and a focus on three of them (Volvo, Ford, and Volkswagen) is made; we link their strategies with the concept of RID. Finally in the fourth part, we propose a model of a strategy for integrating eco-design practices based on the three examples and supported by a learning process.

Gamification of the Customer Journey at a Ski Resort

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Pirita IHAMÄKI ◽  
Katriin HELJAKKA
Keyword(s):  
Design Process ◽  
Design Method ◽  
Service Design ◽  
Theoretical Framework ◽  
Design Tool ◽  
Play Theory ◽  
Customer Journey ◽  
Ski Resort ◽  
A Value

This paper explores the enhancement of the customer journey at a Finnish ski resort and aims to create a theoretical framework for using gamification in the service design process. We have used the service design method and design tool Comicubes as a solution prototype, which ski resort workers engaged with to create a new gamified concept for its target consumers. The customer journey map provides a structured visualisation of a user’s experience at a ski resort. The customer journey enhanced through gamification creates a value-creating system for the ski resort, which presents the network of actors and their relationships that jointly create an offering. This study presents the results of a service design process for a customer journey, which goes through four stages presented in new play theory, namely wow, flow, double-flow and glow. These stages guide the designers and developers using gamification to give customers an overall more interactive and engaging experience in a real ski resort context.

Materiality and digital technologies: concrete experiments for the built environment

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Carla Aramouny
Keyword(s):  
Design Process ◽  
Design Method ◽  
Digital Fabrication ◽  
Digital Design ◽  
Advanced Technology ◽  
Original Design ◽  
Design Work ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Building Products ◽  
Applied Design

PurposeThis paper presents the applied research and design work on innovative and sustainable building products developed by an undergraduate architecture seminar course. It presents the case for innovative uses of cement-based products, while framing the proposals within a global shift toward environmentally responsive and bio-integrated materials.Design/methodology/approachThe methodology utilizes a process of hybridization between digital fabrication and analog making methods that is framed within the larger design discourse and that intersects the digital design process with material know-how. The approach engages local problematics and applies advanced technology and the integration of natural behaviors to develop a rich applied design method.FindingsThrough the presented work and proposed building products, critical findings and outcomes emerge, ones that relate to the design process itself and others to the designed products.Originality/valueThe research presented here proposes novel approaches to cement-based building systems utilizing digital and analog fabrication, and original design solutions that engage with their context and provide active and crucial environmental performance.

scholarly journals The practice of care in long-term care facilities for the elderly: a challenge for the training of professionals

2019 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniela Garcia Damaceno ◽  
Mara Quaglio Chirelli ◽  
Carlos Alberto Lazarini
Keyword(s):  
Professional Training ◽  
Long Term Care ◽  
Elderly Care ◽  
Care Facility ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Term Care ◽  
Delivery Of Care ◽  
Long Term Care Facility ◽  
Care Facilities

Abstract Objective: to analyze how care is performed, understand the contributions of previous experience to professional practice in Long-Term Care Facilities for the Elderly (LTCFs), and recognize the challenges and propositions for professional training and the delivery of care in LTCFs. Method: an exploratory qualitative study was carried out in two stages with 33 professionals and managers of a long-term care facility in a municipality in the state of São Paulo. Analysis was performed using Collective Subject Discourse and Thematic Content Analysis (first and second stage, respectively). Results: It was found that, in the views of health professionals and managers, the quality of care is linked to basic needs and the training of professionals does not consider the specificities of gerontological care. They therefore reproduce a fragmented and mechanical work process. Conclusion: The results highlight the need to revisit courses in the area of health in order to understand their approach to training in elderly care.

scholarly journals Algorithmic Design Tools in Design Process

2011 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 384
Author(s):  
Daryanto Daryanto ◽  
Firza Utama
Keyword(s):  
Design Process ◽  
Design Method ◽  
Control Point ◽  
Practical Case ◽  
Design Tools ◽  
Project Implementation ◽  
Natural Phenomena ◽  
Creative Task ◽  
Respective Control ◽  
Algorithmic Design

This article explores algorithmic design methods in a design process that uses natural phenomena as the basis of its architectural morphology. It implements digital morphogenesis in reaction to ecology and the influential forces of the building environment. This paper is divided into two equally important sections: the process description and the project implementation. The description of the process demonstrates the methods used and the idea involved in incorporating nature’s influential elements as part of the creative task. Meanwhile, the project implementation showed practical case of the outcome of that process. Tools for visualizing and simulating nature’s environment are showed using algorithmic design method. The tools create transformations in NURBS-based surfaces through the translation of their respective control point matrices. The tools generate several different alternatives to be tested and analyzed. 

scholarly journals Older assistant workers in intermediate care facilities, and their influence on the physical and mental burden of elderly care staff

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ryota Sakurai ◽  
Saya Watanabe ◽  
Hiroki Mori ◽  
Tomoya Sagara ◽  
Hiroshi Murayama ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Emotional Exhaustion ◽  
Elderly Care ◽  
Care Facility ◽  
Mail Survey ◽  
Care Staff ◽  
Care Homes ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Care Facilities ◽  
Facility Staff

Abstract Background As there is a shortage of care staff in elderly care homes, seniors are expected to work as assistants to help the care staff. This study examined the influence of older assistant workers in intermediate elderly care facilities on care staff, specifically focusing on emotional exhaustion which is a sign of burnout. These facilities provide long-term nursing and supportive care to older residents. Methods Data from a mail survey of intermediate elderly care facilities with older assistant workers were analyzed. Care staff were asked about the advantages and disadvantages of introducing older assistant workers in elderly care work, and their degree of emotional exhaustion. We also assessed work self-evaluations of older assistant workers, including the benefits of the work, and physical and mental burdens. Results A significantly large number of care staff reported improvements in workload with the employment of older assistant workers. Intermediate elderly care facilities enrolling more older assistant workers showed lower mean emotional exhaustion among care staff, independent of possible covariates. While older assistant workers felt that their work contributed to helping both care users and staff, they also reported a mental burden. Conclusions Our results suggest that older assistant workers can play a significant role in reducing the physical and mental burden of intermediate elderly care facility staff. Thus, employing older assistant workers can be an effective approach to addressing shortages of care staff in elderly care homes.

scholarly journals Implementation of Disaster Evacuation Guidance System using Beacon Technology for Elderly Care Facilities

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (2S6) ◽  
pp. 42-47
Keyword(s):  
Elderly Care ◽  
Monitoring Program ◽  
Care Facility ◽  
Guidance System ◽  
Location Information ◽  
Collection System ◽  
A Algorithm ◽  
Guidance Program ◽  
Care Facilities ◽  
The Status

This study aims to design a system that, in case of a disaster at an elderly care facility, provides the optimum evacuation paths via user devices using their location information. A system for situation control and safe evacuation was developed with the following components: an information collection system developed using BLE beacon technology to detect disasters and collect location information; a control system that uses a situation monitoring program incorporated with real-time positioning technology and an evacuation guidance program with the application of A* algorithm; and a terminal system composed of an app for providing evacuation paths to terminal devices. This study was conducted on a method of generating and providing the optimum evacuation paths, based on the disaster location and the user-inputted location information obtained via IoT technology, with the aim of minimizing casualties and fatalities in the event of a disaster at a 24-hour resident facility occupied by seniors with mental and/or physical impairments. For this purpose, evacuation guidance systems at elderly care facilities were analyzed, an experiment was conducted using disaster detection sensors and beacon technology for determining user locations, and diverse algorithms for determining the best evacuation paths were compared to identify and apply the most appropriate algorithm. Afterwards, a simulation was conducted, and the results showed that it was possible to locate the disaster or fire occurring at an elderly care and determine the status of users inside the facility. Also, it was found that the evacuation guidance program could analyze the optimum evacuation paths for users from their current locations and provide such information via the terminal devices in possession of individual users. The system can provide disaster information and evacuation paths as well as the locations of evacuees with mobility difficulties to enable swift rescue operations, thereby minimizing casualties and fatalities.

User Preferences in the Design of Multi-Purpose Products: A Case Study on the Redesign of a Utility Tool

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vimal Viswanathan ◽  
Shraddha Sangelkar ◽  
David Alexander ◽  
Johnathan Brock Moody
Keyword(s):  
Design Process ◽  
Design Theory ◽  
Design Method ◽  
Design Guidelines ◽  
User Preferences ◽  
Lessons Learned ◽  
Main Function ◽  
Original Design ◽  
Primary Function

There is an abundance of multi-purpose products in the market. Multi-purpose products are defined as the artifacts that have more than one primary function. While some of the multipurpose products are well designed and successful in the market, many of them fail to make an impact. Many times, these products are designed without considering critical aspects of customer requirements into account. The current research in design theory and methodology primarily addresses the design of products with one main function and many supporting sub-functions. When more than one primary function is present in the design, the process becomes more complicated. Many times, the primary functions conflict with each other, making the design process further complicated. Motivated by this fact, we aim to develop a comprehensive design method that considers the user’s perspective for the design of multi-purpose products. As a first step, we developed a set of guidelines from a user point of view. This paper presents a case study where the authors redesigned a multi-purpose utility tool, which has a very high potential and a targeted audience. The original design process behind the product is studied with the help of the designer and the manufacturer. The newly developed guidelines are repeatedly applied on the product to derive new requirements for its redesign. Following a systematic redesign procedure, the product is redesigned. This paper details the case study along with the lessons learned from the same. It also describes the best scenarios for the use of the multi-purpose product design guidelines.

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