A systematic review of the spread of information during pandemics: A case of the 2020 COVID-19 virus

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 221-234 ◽  
Author(s):  
Oluwakemi Shobowale
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Respiratory Diseases ◽  
Ebola Virus ◽  
Relevant Literature ◽  
Initial Response ◽  
Review Of The Literature ◽  
Conspiracy Theories ◽  
The Public ◽  
Health Measures ◽  
Strategic Review

The 2020 COVID-19 (SARS-CoV-2) pandemic represents a severe threat to the continent of Africa – to its people, its fauna (as COVID-19 can spread to non-human creatures and human respiratory diseases are often deadly to other primates) and its economy. The context of Africa is unique in its relation to COVID-19 in that Africa has recently suffered from – and still suffers from – severe viral epidemics of HIV and Ebola virus, which creates both more significant vulnerabilities and relevant experience combatting viruses. Within the pandemic, there is a secondary ‘infodemic’ of misinformation which has served to complicate and worsen the effects of COVID-19 itself by undermining the public health measures necessary to prevent the spread of the virus. The purpose of this strategic review of recently published and relevant literature was to assess initial response to pandemics on the continent of Africa, in order to identify how the conspiracy theories, misinformation and disinformation related to COVID-19 may be identified and mitigated throughout the coming months and years and suggest a research agenda for better informing these issues. The study took the form of a systematic review of the literature relating to COVID-19 misinformation in Africa, especially as it relates to prior viral epidemics of HIV/AIDS and Ebola virus. This research is significant as it sheds light on potential means of mitigating the spread of disinformation, and therefore saving lives as we move through this ongoing pandemic.

Identifying stakeholder opinion regarding access to “high-cost medicines”: A systematic review of the literature

Open Medicine ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 513-527 ◽  
Author(s):  
Philip Wahlster ◽  
Shane Scahill ◽  
Sanjay Garg ◽  
Zaheer-Ud-Din Babar
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Ethical Issues ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
System Level ◽  
Research Articles ◽  
Original Research ◽  
Review Of The Literature ◽  
Moral Issues ◽  
The Public ◽  
Patient Groups

AbstractObjective: To identify the viewpoints and perceptions of different stakeholders regarding high cost medicines (HCMs). Methods: A systematic review of the literature was performed to identify original research articles. Using predefined categories, data related to the viewpoints of different stakeholders was systematically extracted and analyzed. Results: Thirty seven original research articles matched the criteria. The main stakeholders identified include physicians, patients, public and health funding authorities. The influence of media and other economic and ethical issues were also identified in the literature. A large number of stakeholders were concerned about lack of access to HCMs. Physicians have difficulty balancing the the rational use of expensive drugs while at the same time acting as “patients’ advocate”. Patients would like to know about all treatment options, even if they may not be able to afford them. The process and criteria for reimbursement should be transparent and access has to be equitable across patient groups. Conclusion: Access to HCMs could be improved through transparency and involvement of all stakeholders, especially patients and the public. Moral issues and the “rule of rescue” could influence decision-making process significantly. At system level, objectivity is important to ensure that the system is equitable and transparent.

User involvement in social work innovation: A systematic and narrative review

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (6) ◽  
pp. 730-750
Author(s):  
Maja Müller ◽  
Signe Pihl-Thingvad
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Social Work ◽  
Public Sector ◽  
Relevant Literature ◽  
User Involvement ◽  
Narrative Review ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Frontline Workers ◽  
The Public ◽  
Innovation Processes

Summary This article focuses on user involvement in social work innovations in the public sector and provides an overview of how public innovation via user involvement in social work has been studied to date. Through analyses based on a systematic review combined with a narrative review of the identified literature, we offer a typology of social work innovations. The article concludes by discussing possibilities and barriers inherent in user involvement in social work and suggesting topics for future research. Findings Through a systematic review we identify the relevant literature describing different kinds of user involvement in social work innovation. In the narrative review, we analyze the literature and identify three types of innovation: user-centered innovation, co-produced innovation, and citizen-driven innovation. With empirical examples we illustrate the different types of innovation and the citizen’s role in the different innovation processes. Application The typology provides an analytic tool to differentiate types of innovation and user involvement, but it may also function as inspiration to practitioners to reflect more about the roles of users and frontline workers and to be more aware of existing barriers when designing new social initiatives in the public sector.

A Systematic Literature Review of The Importance of Sustainable Business Strategy

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 ◽  
pp. 829-839
Author(s):  
Kurniawan Kurniawan ◽  
Yusuf Iskandar
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Systematic Reviews ◽  
Business Strategy ◽  
Empirical Studies ◽  
Relevant Literature ◽  
Business Practices ◽  
Review Of The Literature ◽  
Sustainable Business ◽  
Sustainability Research ◽  
The Status

This study undertakes a systematic review of the literature concerning the importance of a sustainable business strategy for any business. While systematic reviews are a vital source of information and are widely utilized in the health sciences, they are seldom employed in sustainability research. Systematic reviews are a type of scientific research that aims to integrate the results of empirical studies objectively and systematically to determine the status of the question in its field of study. This study provides a brief survey of literature reviews in sustainability in business and proposes a systematic review as a method of recovering, analyzing, evaluating, and appraising relevant literature on sustainability in business. This systematic review of the literature suggests that interest in sustainable business practices has increased in recent years. It discusses the subject of sustainability in the perspective of business.

scholarly journals Non-antibiotic approaches at drying-off for treating and preventing intramammary infections: a protocol for a systematic review and meta-analysis

2016 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 169-175 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Francoz ◽  
Vincent Wellemans ◽  
Jean-Philippe Roy ◽  
Pierre Lacasse ◽  
Alfredo Ordonez-Iturriaga ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Relevant Literature ◽  
Review Of The Literature ◽  
Specific Data ◽  
Intramammary Infections ◽  
Treatment And Prevention

AbstractIntramammary infection (IMI) treatment and prevention at drying-off is one of the leading causes for using antimicrobials on dairy farms. The objective of the current paper is to describe the protocol used for conducting a systematic review of the literature on non-antibiotic strategies that can be used on dairy cows at dry off to treat and prevent IMI. Relevant literature will be identified using a combination of database search strategies and iterative screening of references. To be included in the review, articles will have to: (1) be published after 1969; (2) be written in English, French, or Spanish; (3) use a study design such as a controlled trial, an observational study, or an experimental study conducted in vivo; (4) be conducted on commercial dairy cows; (5) investigate a non-antibiotic intervention used at dry off; and finally, (6) report on a relevant mastitis outcome. Titles and abstracts, then full articles will be reviewed for inclusion. Specific data will be extracted and risk of bias will be assessed for all included articles. The planned systematic review will be the first to colligate, in a coherent whole, studies investigating non-antibiotic strategies for treating and preventing IMI at drying-off.

scholarly journals A Protocol for a Systematic Review of Economic Evaluation Studies Conducted on Influenza and Recent Pandemic Prevention and Control

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amanuel Yigezu ◽  
Mezgebu Mengistu ◽  
Alemnesh Mikuzie
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Systematic Review ◽  
Economic Evaluation ◽  
Prevention And Control ◽  
Evaluation Studies ◽  
School Closure ◽  
Health Economy ◽  
The Public ◽  
Health Measures ◽  
And Control

Abstract Background: The COVID-19, illness caused by a novel coronavirus, is the cause of an outbreak of respiratory illness in Wuhan, Hubei Province China beginning in 31 December 2019. The direct and indirect impacts of the pandemic and the public health measures taken to prevent the distribution of the pandemic on mortality and morbidity, and social and economic status of the community are enormous. The public health measures against the pandemic such as school closure, unemployment and business shutdown incur cost on the society; reduce the provision and quality of health services due to the diversion of resource allocation to COVID-19 response (prevention and control) activities; result in negative influence on the healthcare seeking behavior of the society; and increase cost of seeking healthcare due to reduced global pharmaceutical supply chain. Evidence-based decision is crucial to prevent and manage the catastrophic impact of a pandemic and its public health measures. The aim of this review is to systematically review economic evaluation of interventions to respond to coronavirus pandemics in the global perspective. We included researches on influenza pandemic and COVID-19 as there are only few studies conducted in COVID-19.Method: A full and partial economic analysis conducted on influenza and COVID-19 pandemic published in English language between 2012 and 2020 will be eligible. Studies with and without comparators will be included. We will build an exhaustive database search strategy in the global health cost-effectiveness analysis (CEA) registry, PubMed, African Journals online and Elsevier for relevant studies. We will do a hand-searching of cited research and bibliographies of all identified relevant studies. Two authors will independently select potentially eligible titles and abstracts, extract data from selected studies using structured collection form after a pre-test and do a risk of bias assessment. Third author will be involved if there is disagreement between the two. If variation of extracted data between the reviewers is observed, the phase will be repeated, and if discrepancies between data extractors continued, third reviewer will be involved. We will use a narrative summary and tables to summarize the result and characteristics of eligible studies. In addition, attempts will be made to change reports in case and death averted to disability life year averted (DALY) averted.Discussion: Unless a careful decision is made to control a pandemic; the health, economy, social, and political aspect of countries will be in impacted. Public health measures that are implemented to respond to a pandemic should be cost-effective. This review will systematically analyze economic evaluation studies conducted on influenza and COVID-19 pandemics and synthesize evidence for public health measures. This review will further identify existing gaps in research for more studies. Systematic review registration: PROSPERO: CRD42020192384

scholarly journals A Study on Public Blockchain Consensus Algorithms: A Systematic Literature Review

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Islahuddin Jalal ◽  
Zarina Shukur ◽  
Khairul Azmi Abu Bakar
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Literature Review ◽  
Systematic Literature Review ◽  
Relevant Literature ◽  
Review Of The Literature ◽  
Research Gaps ◽  
Consensus Algorithms ◽  
Incentive Strategies ◽  
Future Work

The purpose of this study is to present a systematic review of the literature on public blockchain consensus algorithms. Blockchain consensus algorithms have gain much popularity in last few years especially in the cryptocurrency field. Based on a systematic review of the relevant literature, we provide a classification of blockchain consensus algorithms, philosophy behind creation of blockchain consensus algorithms and as well as the rewards and incentive strategies of various public blockchain consensus algorithms. On the basis of these results, the research gaps and future work directions are identified for further study.

Popular Culture and Democratic Practice

2003 ◽  
Vol 73 (3) ◽  
pp. 258-284 ◽  
Author(s):  
NADINE DOLBY
Keyword(s):  
Popular Culture ◽  
Relevant Literature ◽  
Review Of The Literature ◽  
Special Issue ◽  
The Public ◽  
Democratic Practice ◽  
Multiple Dimensions ◽  
The Public Sphere ◽  
A Site ◽  
Deep Exploration

In this introduction to the study of popular culture in education, Nadine Dolby offers an insightful review of the literature informing this work. Her essay sets the tone and theme for this Special Issue, and begins to address why educators and educational researchers should pay particular attention to popular culture. Discussing the relevant literature and introducing readers to historical debates in the field, Dolby distinguishes between various understandings of popular culture and approaches to studying its relationship to education. Ultimately, Dolby argues, the importance of popular culture and its connection to education lies in the role it plays as a site for engaging in the process of democratic practice. She encourages educators to engage young people in a deep exploration of the multiple dimensions of popular culture and the public sphere, and highlights examples of this kind of engagement.

scholarly journals The public perception of the facilitators and barriers to implementing personalized medicine: a systematic review

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (5) ◽  
pp. 409-420 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ciara Holden ◽  
Lauren Bignell ◽  
Somnath Mukhopadhyay ◽  
Christina Jones
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Personalized Medicine ◽  
Public Perception ◽  
Perceived Benefits ◽  
Review Of The Literature ◽  
Perceived Risks ◽  
The Public ◽  
Mainstream Healthcare ◽  
Facilitators And Barriers ◽  
Willingness To Use

The integration of personalized medicine (PM) into mainstream healthcare will only be successful if the public understands and supports this change. The aim was to understand the public perception of the barriers and facilitators towards the use of PM. A systematic review of the literature was conducted within six databases from 2006 to 2018. Twenty-one studies with 9507 participants were included. The key themes were familiarity and willingness to use PM, perceived benefits and perceived risks of PM. The review shows that the public is generally enthusiastic about the introduction of PM, although this should be interpreted with cautious optimism due to participants having a limited familiarity of the underlying principles of PM. The study defines areas where progress can be made to enhance this understanding and addresses legitimate concerns.

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