scholarly journals The public perception of the facilitators and barriers to implementing personalized medicine: a systematic review

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (5) ◽  
pp. 409-420 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ciara Holden ◽  
Lauren Bignell ◽  
Somnath Mukhopadhyay ◽  
Christina Jones
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Personalized Medicine ◽  
Public Perception ◽  
Perceived Benefits ◽  
Review Of The Literature ◽  
Perceived Risks ◽  
The Public ◽  
Mainstream Healthcare ◽  
Facilitators And Barriers ◽  
Willingness To Use

The integration of personalized medicine (PM) into mainstream healthcare will only be successful if the public understands and supports this change. The aim was to understand the public perception of the barriers and facilitators towards the use of PM. A systematic review of the literature was conducted within six databases from 2006 to 2018. Twenty-one studies with 9507 participants were included. The key themes were familiarity and willingness to use PM, perceived benefits and perceived risks of PM. The review shows that the public is generally enthusiastic about the introduction of PM, although this should be interpreted with cautious optimism due to participants having a limited familiarity of the underlying principles of PM. The study defines areas where progress can be made to enhance this understanding and addresses legitimate concerns.

Identifying stakeholder opinion regarding access to “high-cost medicines”: A systematic review of the literature

Open Medicine ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 513-527 ◽  
Author(s):  
Philip Wahlster ◽  
Shane Scahill ◽  
Sanjay Garg ◽  
Zaheer-Ud-Din Babar
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Ethical Issues ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
System Level ◽  
Research Articles ◽  
Original Research ◽  
Review Of The Literature ◽  
Moral Issues ◽  
The Public ◽  
Patient Groups

AbstractObjective: To identify the viewpoints and perceptions of different stakeholders regarding high cost medicines (HCMs). Methods: A systematic review of the literature was performed to identify original research articles. Using predefined categories, data related to the viewpoints of different stakeholders was systematically extracted and analyzed. Results: Thirty seven original research articles matched the criteria. The main stakeholders identified include physicians, patients, public and health funding authorities. The influence of media and other economic and ethical issues were also identified in the literature. A large number of stakeholders were concerned about lack of access to HCMs. Physicians have difficulty balancing the the rational use of expensive drugs while at the same time acting as “patients’ advocate”. Patients would like to know about all treatment options, even if they may not be able to afford them. The process and criteria for reimbursement should be transparent and access has to be equitable across patient groups. Conclusion: Access to HCMs could be improved through transparency and involvement of all stakeholders, especially patients and the public. Moral issues and the “rule of rescue” could influence decision-making process significantly. At system level, objectivity is important to ensure that the system is equitable and transparent.

scholarly journals The Effects of Epistemic Trust and Social Trust on Public Acceptance of Genetically Modified Food: An Empirical Study from China

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (20) ◽  
pp. 7700 ◽  
Author(s):  
Longji Hu ◽  
Rongjin Liu ◽  
Wei Zhang ◽  
Tian Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Causal Model ◽  
Social Trust ◽  
Public Organizations ◽  
Public Acceptance ◽  
Genetically Modified Food ◽  
Perceived Benefits ◽  
Perceived Risks ◽  
The Public ◽  
Epistemic Trust ◽  
Industrial Organizations

Most studies exploring the public acceptance of genetically modified food (GMF) are based on social trust and the establishment of a causal model. The underlying premise is that social trust indirectly affects public acceptance of GMF through perceived risks and perceived benefits. The object of social trust is trust in people, organizations, and institutions. Different from the social trust, epistemic trust refers to people’s trust in scientific knowledge behind the technology of concern. It has been shown that epistemic trust, like social trust, is also an important factor that affects the public perception of applicable risks and benefits. Therefore, it is necessary to incorporate epistemic trust into the causal model to derive a more complete explanation of public acceptance. However, such work has not been conducted to date. The causal model proposed in this paper integrated epistemic trust and social trust and divided social trust into trust in public organizations and trust in industrial organizations. A representative questionnaire survey (N = 1091) was conducted with Chinese adults. The model was analyzed by the partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM) method. Three major findings were obtained: First, epistemic trust is an important antecedent of perceived risks and perceived benefits and exerts a significant indirect effect on the acceptance of GMF. Secondly, trust in industrial organizations negatively impacts perceived risks, while trust in public organizations positively impacts perceived benefits. Thirdly, contrary to the common opinion, trust in industrial organizations did not exert a significant direct effect on perceived benefits, and trust in public organizations did not demonstrate a significant direct effect on perceived risks. Therefore, trust in industrial organizations and trust in public organizations utilize different influence paths on GMF acceptance. This study enriches the understanding of the influence path of trust with regard to the acceptance of emerging technologies and is of great significance to relevant risk-management practices.

A systematic review of the spread of information during pandemics: A case of the 2020 COVID-19 virus

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 221-234 ◽  
Author(s):  
Oluwakemi Shobowale
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Respiratory Diseases ◽  
Ebola Virus ◽  
Relevant Literature ◽  
Initial Response ◽  
Review Of The Literature ◽  
Conspiracy Theories ◽  
The Public ◽  
Health Measures ◽  
Strategic Review

The 2020 COVID-19 (SARS-CoV-2) pandemic represents a severe threat to the continent of Africa – to its people, its fauna (as COVID-19 can spread to non-human creatures and human respiratory diseases are often deadly to other primates) and its economy. The context of Africa is unique in its relation to COVID-19 in that Africa has recently suffered from – and still suffers from – severe viral epidemics of HIV and Ebola virus, which creates both more significant vulnerabilities and relevant experience combatting viruses. Within the pandemic, there is a secondary ‘infodemic’ of misinformation which has served to complicate and worsen the effects of COVID-19 itself by undermining the public health measures necessary to prevent the spread of the virus. The purpose of this strategic review of recently published and relevant literature was to assess initial response to pandemics on the continent of Africa, in order to identify how the conspiracy theories, misinformation and disinformation related to COVID-19 may be identified and mitigated throughout the coming months and years and suggest a research agenda for better informing these issues. The study took the form of a systematic review of the literature relating to COVID-19 misinformation in Africa, especially as it relates to prior viral epidemics of HIV/AIDS and Ebola virus. This research is significant as it sheds light on potential means of mitigating the spread of disinformation, and therefore saving lives as we move through this ongoing pandemic.

scholarly journals Mechanisms of Network Formation in the Public Sector: A Systematic Review of the Literature

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael D Siciliano ◽  
Weijie Wang ◽  
Alejandra Medina
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Public Sector ◽  
Public Administration ◽  
Network Formation ◽  
Underlying Mechanism ◽  
Experimental Designs ◽  
Review Of The Literature ◽  
The Public ◽  
Network Research ◽  
Empirical Tests

Abstract This article provides a systematic review of the network formation literature in the public sector. In particular, we code and categorize the theoretical mechanisms used in empirical network research to motivate collaboration and tie formation. Based on a review of the 107 articles on network formation found in 40 journals of public administration and policy from 1998 to 2019, we identify 15 distinct theoretical categories. For each category, we describe the theory, highlight its use in the literature, and identify limitations and concerns with current applications. Overall, we find that most studies rely on a similar set of general theories of network formation. More importantly, we find that most theoretical mechanisms are not well specified, and empirical tests are often unable to directly assess the specific underlying mechanism. The results of our review highlight the need for our field to embrace experimental designs, develop panel network datasets, and engage in more network-level research.

Why and when can biosolids be used as a soil amendment for ecosystem reclamation and rehabilitation?

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lauchlan Fraser
Keyword(s):  
Public Perception ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Land Application ◽  
Mine Reclamation ◽  
Review Of The Literature ◽  
The Public ◽  
The Past ◽  
Biosolids Application ◽  
Disturbed Soils ◽  
Increase Plant Productivity

<p><span>Biosolids are a source of nutrient-rich organic material that can be used to improve degraded or disturbed soils. However, public perception of the use of biosolids on land is both positive and negative and can change over time and be different in different regions of the world. Research on the land application of biosolids has increased in the past 20 years, but there is little consensus on how the environment responds to biosolids applications. Here, I (1) present public perception research on the use of biosolids in land application in British Columbia, Canada, (2) present a review of the literature on the effects of biosolids in land application with a particular focus on plant community development, and (3) provide recommendations for the use of biosolids in land application depending on potential differences in ecosystem reclamation goals. In the public perception research, many citizens see the value in the use of biosolids as a sustainable fertilizer, especially in mine reclamation, but some have expressed concerns about pathogens in biosolids and their effect on humans and animals. The literature review revealed that biosolids increase plant productivity but have no effect on plant diversity. The research suggests that climatic conditions and seeding are influential in altering ecosystem and community level responses to biosolids application.</span></p>

Telepractice for Adult Speech-Language Pathology Services: A Systematic Review

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 326-338 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kristen Weidner ◽  
Joneen Lowman
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Primary Progressive Aphasia ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Service Delivery Model ◽  
Speech Language Pathology ◽  
Review Of The Literature ◽  
Research Designs ◽  
Assessment And Treatment ◽  
Language Pathology ◽  
Screening Assessment

Purpose We conducted a systematic review of the literature regarding adult telepractice services (screening, assessment, and treatment) from approximately 2014 to 2019. Method Thirty-one relevant studies were identified from a literature search, assessed for quality, and reported. Results Included studies illustrated feasibility, efficacy, diagnostic accuracy, and noninferiority of various speech-language pathology services across adult populations, including chronic aphasia, Parkinson's disease, dysphagia, and primary progressive aphasia. Technical aspects of the equipment and software used to deliver services were discussed. Some general themes were noted as areas for future research. Conclusion Overall, results of the review continue to support the use of telepractice as an appropriate service delivery model in speech-language pathology for adults. Strong research designs, including experimental control, across multiple well-described settings are still needed to definitively determine effectiveness of telepractice services.

Acute limb ischemia in a patient with pre-fibrotic myelofibrosis complicated by heparin-induced thrombocytopenia and thrombosis – case report and systematic review of dabigatran use

VASA ◽  
2020 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marina Di Pilla ◽  
Stefano Barco ◽  
Clara Sacco ◽  
Giovanni Barosi ◽  
Corrado Lodigiani
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Case Report ◽  
Lower Limb ◽  
Limb Ischemia ◽  
Acute Limb Ischemia ◽  
Review Of The Literature ◽  
Heparin Induced Thrombocytopenia ◽  
Lower Limb Ischemia ◽  
Vein Thrombosis ◽  
Left Lower Limb

Summary: A 49-year-old man was diagnosed with pre-fibrotic myelofibrosis after acute left lower-limb ischemia requiring amputation and portal vein thrombosis. After surgery he developed heparin-induced thrombocytopenia (HIT) with venous thromboembolism, successfully treated with argatroban followed by dabigatran. Our systematic review of the literature supports the use of dabigatran for suspected HIT.

Psychological and Cognitive Aspects of Borderline Intellectual Functioning

2017 ◽  
Vol 22 (3) ◽  
pp. 159-166 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bastianina Contena ◽  
Stefano Taddei
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Systematic Review ◽  
Intellectual Functioning ◽  
Clinical Impact ◽  
Review Of The Literature ◽  
Borderline Intellectual Functioning ◽  
General Quality ◽  
Meta Analyses ◽  
Over Time

Abstract. Borderline Intellectual Functioning (BIF) refers to a global IQ ranging from 71 to 84, and it represents a condition of clinical attention for its association with other disorders and its influence on the outcomes of treatments and, in general, quality of life and adaptation. Furthermore, its definition has changed over time causing a relevant clinical impact. For this reason, a systematic review of the literature on this topic can promote an understanding of what has been studied, and can differentiate what is currently attributable to BIF from that which cannot be associated with this kind of intellectual functioning. Using Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) criteria, we have conducted a review of the literature about BIF. The results suggest that this condition is still associated with mental retardation, and only a few studies have focused specifically on this condition.

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