scholarly journals Swirling currents emerge at the Waiapu river mouth: Lens-based witnessing, documenting and storytelling of slow catastrophes

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 6.1-6.16
Author(s):  
Natalie Robertson
Keyword(s):  
Fish Species ◽  
River Mouth ◽  
First Century ◽  
Ecological Knowledge ◽  
Moving Image ◽  
River Catchment ◽  
The North ◽  
Aotearoa New Zealand ◽  
Introduced Pest ◽  
Waiapu River

This article considers how Indigenous stories and chants can tell us about our ecologies in the time of environmental emergencies. For Ngāti Porou of the lower reaches of the Waiapu river catchment in Te Ika-a-Māui, the North Island of Aotearoa (New Zealand), the slow catastrophes of twentieth-century colonial deforestation impacts, introduced pest-induced inland forest collapse and predicted twenty-first-century climate change sea level rise have converged as our most pressing environmental problems. Waiapu is home to Ngāti Porou Tūturu, coastal fishing people who value their relationships with fish species, notably kahawai. The mōteatea chant form acts as a guide to my photographic and moving image practice to visualize and voice the slow catastrophe of the river. In this article, I discuss how the Ngāti Porou mōteatea He Tangi mo Pāhoe, which reveals nineteenth-century ecological knowledge, particularly of fish species, is reimagined as a moving image visual mōteatea. Through reframing the threats as the current faces of our ancestors, this article proposes a shift in thinking from vulnerability into resilience.

scholarly journals Genetic landscape clustering of a large DNA barcoding dataset reveals shared patterns of genetic divergence among freshwater fishes of the Maroni Basin

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yvan Papa ◽  
Pierre Yves Le Bail ◽  
Raphael Covain
Keyword(s):  
Freshwater Fish ◽  
Dna Barcoding ◽  
Fish Species ◽  
Genetic Divergence ◽  
River Mouth ◽  
Freshwater Fishes ◽  
Morphological Identification ◽  
The North ◽  
The Status ◽  
Genetic Landscape

The Maroni is one of the most speciose basins of the Guianas and hosts a megadiverse freshwater fish community. Although taxonomical references exist for both the Surinamese and Guyanese parts of the basin, these lists were mainly based on morphological identification and there are still taxonomical uncertainties concerning the status of several fish species. Here we present a barcode dataset of 1,284 COI sequences from 199 freshwater fish species (68.86% of the total number of strictly freshwater fishes from the basin) from 124 genera, 36 families, and 8 orders. DNA barcoding allowed for fast and efficient identification of all specimens studied as well as unveiling a consequent cryptic diversity, with the detection of 20 putative cryptic species and 5 species flagged for re-identification. In order to explore global genetic patterns across the basin, genetic divergence landscapes were computed for 128 species, showing a global trend of high genetic divergence between the Surinamese south-west (Tapanahony and Paloemeu), the Guianese south-east (Marouini, Litany, Tampok, Lawa…), and the river mouth in the north. This could be explained either by lower levels of connectivity between these three main parts or by the exchange of individuals with the surrounding basins. A new method of ordination of genetic landscapes successfully assigned species into cluster groups based on their respective pattern of genetic divergence across the Maroni Basin: genetically homogenous species across the basin were effectively discriminated from species showing high spatial genetic fragmentation and possible lower capacity for dispersal.

scholarly journals Genetic landscape clustering of a large DNA barcoding dataset reveals shared patterns of genetic divergence among freshwater fishes of the Maroni Basin

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yvan Papa ◽  
Pierre Yves Le Bail ◽  
Raphael Covain
Keyword(s):  
Freshwater Fish ◽  
Dna Barcoding ◽  
Fish Species ◽  
Genetic Divergence ◽  
River Mouth ◽  
Freshwater Fishes ◽  
Morphological Identification ◽  
The North ◽  
The Status ◽  
Genetic Landscape

The Maroni is one of the most speciose basins of the Guianas and hosts a megadiverse freshwater fish community. Although taxonomical references exist for both the Surinamese and Guyanese parts of the basin, these lists were mainly based on morphological identification and there are still taxonomical uncertainties concerning the status of several fish species. Here we present a barcode dataset of 1,284 COI sequences from 199 freshwater fish species (68.86% of the total number of strictly freshwater fishes from the basin) from 124 genera, 36 families, and 8 orders. DNA barcoding allowed for fast and efficient identification of all specimens studied as well as unveiling a consequent cryptic diversity, with the detection of 20 putative cryptic species and 5 species flagged for re-identification. In order to explore global genetic patterns across the basin, genetic divergence landscapes were computed for 128 species, showing a global trend of high genetic divergence between the Surinamese south-west (Tapanahony and Paloemeu), the Guianese south-east (Marouini, Litany, Tampok, Lawa…), and the river mouth in the north. This could be explained either by lower levels of connectivity between these three main parts or by the exchange of individuals with the surrounding basins. A new method of ordination of genetic landscapes successfully assigned species into cluster groups based on their respective pattern of genetic divergence across the Maroni Basin: genetically homogenous species across the basin were effectively discriminated from species showing high spatial genetic fragmentation and possible lower capacity for dispersal.

Characterization and evolution of spearfishing in Madeira archipelago, Eastern Atlantic

2020 ◽  
Vol 33 ◽  
pp. 15
Author(s):  
Roi Martínez-Escauriaza ◽  
Claudio Vieira ◽  
Lídia Gouveia ◽  
Nuno Gouveia ◽  
Margarida Hermida
Keyword(s):  
Fish Species ◽  
Young Men ◽  
Coastal Areas ◽  
Teleost Fishes ◽  
The North ◽  
Southeast Coast ◽  
Madeira Archipelago ◽  
First Time

Data obtained from licenses of spearfishers and surveys conducted in 2004 and 2017 allowed for the analysis, for the first time, of the practice of spearfishing in the Madeira archipelago. Only a small percentage of the population practices spearfishing, mostly local young men. Most of them practice the activity with a partner throughout most of the year and along most of the island's coastal areas, although preferentially along the North and Southeast coast. Results show how, in recent years, despite the population of spearfishers decreasing, the abundance in the annual catch potentially increased, probably due to the higher investment of time in this activity. It has been observed that many fishers complement their catches with manual collecting of invertebrates. Overall, 40 teleost fishes and also 4 crustaceans and 8 molluscs were identified. The most frequently captured fish species were parrotfish and white seabream, while limpets were the most collected invertebrates in both selected periods.

Assessment of Turbulent Processes in Lake Kinneret by the Two-Dimensional Reservoir Water Quality Model “Better”

1993 ◽  
Vol 27 (7-8) ◽  
pp. 381-385 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y. Oziransky ◽  
B. Shteinman
Keyword(s):  
Water Body ◽  
River Mouth ◽  
Temporal Distribution ◽  
Lake Kinneret ◽  
Toxic Substances ◽  
Two Dimensional ◽  
Quality Model ◽  
Reservoir Water ◽  
The North ◽  
Longitudinal Gradients

Data of high spatial and temporal resolution, and a special sampling program are essential for successful application of mathematical models designed to reproduce observed seasonal patterns of temperature, dissolved oxygen, nutrients, pH, and algal biomass for both vertical and longitudinal gradients in a water body. Lake Kinneret suspended solids are of great potential value for estimating transport, exposure to water body elements, and fate of many toxic substances. Therefore the distribution of admixtures in two longitudinal and five vertical segmentation schemes were examined with the two-dimensional water body quality box model “BETTER” (Bender et al, 1990). The transects were taken in the north-western part of Lake Kinneret close to the Jordan River mouth and the National Water Carrier (NWC) head pumping station. The outflow volumes were given according to regular sampling of natural speed of water outflow from different lake layers under calm conditions. Temporal distribution of mixing concentrations as well as turbulent diffusion horizontal coefficients due to the spatial distribution of turbulent scale were obtained during the model's run with the December 1991 data.

scholarly journals Ichthyological ethnoknowledge of the “piabeiros” from the Amazon region, Brazil

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel da Silva Ladislau ◽  
Maiko Willas Soares Ribeiro ◽  
Philip Dalbert da Silva Castro ◽  
Jackson Pantoja-Lima ◽  
Paulo Henrique Rocha Aride ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fish Species ◽  
Local Ecological Knowledge ◽  
Middle Part ◽  
Ornamental Fish ◽  
Ecological Knowledge ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Economic Activities ◽  
Negro River ◽  
Artisanal Fishers ◽  
Ecological Aspects

Abstract Background The capture of ornamental fish is one of the main economic activities of riverine families in the Amazon. However, studies regarding the local ecological knowledge of workers in this activity are still incipient. In view of this, we have studied and explored the local ecological knowledge of artisanal fishers who specialize in the capture of fish for the aquarium trade in the middle part of the Negro River basin and investigated issues related to the ecological aspects of the fish species that are targeted by this trade in the region. Methods Therefore, we conducted semi-structured interviews and applied questionnaires to artisanal fishers of ornamental fish (N = 89), from the municipality of Barcelos, from January to April 2016. Results In total, 41 popular names were cited, which correspond to four ethnocategories and 10 families. The main species were Paracheirodon axelrodi (12.5%), Hemigrammus bleheri (8.3%), Ancistrus dolichopterus (6.4%), Symphysodon discus (5.3%), and Potamotrygon motoro (3.8%). According to the fishers, the species of fish known in the region as “piabas” have a preference for living in clusters (28.9%) and carry out migratory movements (26.1%). The diet of local fish species reported by fisheries is diverse, though mainly based on periphyton (42.2%), and the reproductive cycle directly influenced by the period of flooding of rivers in the region (37.6%) Conclusion Our study revealed that the fishers possess information on the ecological aspects of local ornamental fish species, many of which are consistent with scientific literature. The information presented may assist in the decision-making process for the management of local fishery resources and contribute to the resumption of growth and sustainability in the capture of ornamental fish.

How benthic habitats and bottom trawling affect trait composition in the diet of seven demersal and benthivorous fish species in the North Sea

2018 ◽  
Vol 142 ◽  
pp. 132-146 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jacqueline D. Eggleton ◽  
Jochen Depestele ◽  
Andrew J. Kenny ◽  
Stefan G. Bolam ◽  
Clement Garcia
Keyword(s):  
North Sea ◽  
Fish Species ◽  
Benthic Habitats ◽  
Benthivorous Fish ◽  
Bottom Trawling ◽  
The North ◽  
The North Sea

scholarly journals Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation (AMOC) in CMIP5 Models: RCP and Historical Simulations

2013 ◽  
Vol 26 (18) ◽  
pp. 7187-7197 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wei Cheng ◽  
John C. H. Chiang ◽  
Dongxiao Zhang
Keyword(s):  
North Atlantic ◽  
Coupled Model ◽  
Meridional Overturning Circulation ◽  
First Century ◽  
Model Intercomparison ◽  
The North ◽  
Intercomparison Project ◽  
Meridional Overturning ◽  
The North Atlantic ◽  
Twenty First Century

Abstract The Atlantic meridional overturning circulation (AMOC) simulated by 10 models from phase 5 of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP5) for the historical (1850–2005) and future climate is examined. The historical simulations of the AMOC mean state are more closely matched to observations than those of phase 3 of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP3). Similarly to CMIP3, all models predict a weakening of the AMOC in the twenty-first century, though the degree of weakening varies considerably among the models. Under the representative concentration pathway 4.5 (RCP4.5) scenario, the weakening by year 2100 is 5%–40% of the individual model's historical mean state; under RCP8.5, the weakening increases to 15%–60% over the same period. RCP4.5 leads to the stabilization of the AMOC in the second half of the twenty-first century and a slower (then weakening rate) but steady recovery thereafter, while RCP8.5 gives rise to a continuous weakening of the AMOC throughout the twenty-first century. In the CMIP5 historical simulations, all but one model exhibit a weak downward trend [ranging from −0.1 to −1.8 Sverdrup (Sv) century−1; 1 Sv ≡ 106 m3 s−1] over the twentieth century. Additionally, the multimodel ensemble–mean AMOC exhibits multidecadal variability with a ~60-yr periodicity and a peak-to-peak amplitude of ~1 Sv; all individual models project consistently onto this multidecadal mode. This multidecadal variability is significantly correlated with similar variations in the net surface shortwave radiative flux in the North Atlantic and with surface freshwater flux variations in the subpolar latitudes. Potential drivers for the twentieth-century multimodel AMOC variability, including external climate forcing and the North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO), and the implication of these results on the North Atlantic SST variability are discussed.

scholarly journals The persistence of conflict avoidance among the King Island Inupiat

2009 ◽  
Vol 32 (2) ◽  
pp. 151-167 ◽  
Author(s):  
Deanna Paniataaq Kingston
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Values ◽  
Traditional Ecological Knowledge ◽  
Cultural Geography ◽  
Ethnic Background ◽  
Principal Investigator ◽  
Conflict Avoidance ◽  
Ecological Knowledge ◽  
Place Names ◽  
Community Members ◽  
The North

Abstract During the summers of 2005 and 2006, a group of Ugiuvangmiut (King Island Inupiat) and western scientists participated in a project entitled “Documenting the Cultural Geography, Biogeography, and Traditional Ecological Knowledge of King Island, Alaska.” The intent was to bring Ugiuvangmiut to King Island in order to document and map place names, as well as archaeological and subsistence sites. Throughout fieldwork, conflicts occurred between scientists, between community members, and between scientists and community members. As the principal investigator, I confronted one conflict in 2005, but my actions exacerbated long-standing tensions within the community and I was later advised by two community members that I should not have confronted the conflict. When conflict occurred again in 2006, instead of confronting the conflict, I chose to take a break from the project for several days. The result was that the overt conflict within the community lessened. Based upon these experiences and other examples, I conclude that conflict avoidance still persists among the Ugiuvangmiut. In addition, I “write against culture” (to borrow Abu-Lughod’s phrase) to explain how my mixed ethnic background and the backgrounds of two community members resulted in actions that run counter to conflict avoidance, showing that there are “multiple, shifting, and competing” cultural values at play. I end with suggestions for scientists conducting fieldwork in the North.

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