The tragedy of the unreliable narrator in The Girl Chewing Gum

Postoperative Ileus (POI) is one of the most common problems after obstetrics, gynecologic and abdominal surgeries. Sham feeding, such as gum chewing, accelerates the return of bowel function and the length of hospital stay. The present study aims to evaluate the effect of chewing gum on bowel motility in women undergoing post-operative cesarean section. Intervention study was used at the Postpartum Department of Maternity and Children Hospital, KSA. A randomized controlled clinical trial research design. Through a convenience technique, 80 post Caesarian Section (CS) women were included in the study. Data were collected through three tools: Tool (I): Socio-demographic data and reproductive history interview schedule. Tool (II): Postoperative Assessment Sheet. Tool (III): Outcomes of gum chewing and the length of hospital stay. Method: subjects were assigned randomly into two groups of (40) the experimental and (40) the control. Subjects in the study group were asked to chew two pieces of sugarless gum for 30 min/three times daily in the morning, noon, and evening immediately after recovery from anesthesia and in Postpartum Department; while subjects in the control group followed the hospital routine care. Each woman in both groups was tested abdominally using a stethoscope to auscultate the bowel sounds and asked to report immediately the time of either passing flatus or stool. Results: illustrated that a highly statistically significant difference was observed between the two groups concerning their gum chewing outcomes. Where, P = 0.000. The study concluded that gum chewing is safe, well tolerated and appears to be effective in reducing the incidence and consequences of POI following CS.

Download Full-text

Swallowing Rehabilitation Using Chewing Gum Containing Capsaicin.

Nihon Kikan Shokudoka Gakkai Kaiho ◽

10.2468/jbes.53.285 ◽

2002 ◽

Vol 53 (3) ◽

pp. 285-288 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Hirohito Umeno ◽

Sachiyo Hamakawa ◽

Kyujirou Gondoh ◽

Hidetaka Shirouzu ◽

Yoshikazu Yoshida ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Chewing Gum ◽

Swallowing Rehabilitation

Download Full-text

Manifestations of the bias of an unreliable narrator in novel by V. Domontovich “Doctor Serafikus”

Studia Philologica ◽

10.28925/2311-2425.2018.10.20 ◽

2018 ◽

pp. 132-138

Author(s):

М. І. Підодвірна

Keyword(s):

Narrative Analysis ◽

Focal Point ◽

Comprehensive Analysis ◽

The Novel ◽

Personal Interest ◽

Cognitive Approach ◽

Personal Story ◽

Unreliable Narrator ◽

German Researcher ◽

Different Levels

The results and achievements of the main schools and directions of naratology indicate the need to reread both well-known and recondite texts in order to spell out the meanings. We believe that the narrative analysis of prose by Victor Domontovich (the Ukrainian intellectual writer) is interesting and relevant. The article attempts to characterize the manifestations of the bias of an unreliable narato in the novel “Doctor Seraficus” based on the A. Nyuninga’s cognitive approach. A modern German researcher provides a set of tools that can supplemented for a multidimensional consideration of all ambiguities and contradictions in the text. An intelligent game that unfolds in the text manifests itself at different levels. V. Domontovych conducts the biggest game, the game with meaning through the pending authority of unreliable presenter. The text of the novel consists of abstract reflections, notes, dreams, illusions, fantasies, dreams and retrospective journeys. The main law of the text is the game. Irony and contradictions in the narrator’s words encourage the reader to feel dissonance, uncertainty. Therefore, in a narrative analysis, attention is focused on the speaker and who sees (the focal point). It was investigated that the artist Corvin is the narrator of the novel “Doctor Serafikus”, he tries to give as much as possible objectively the personal story. The motives for the unreliability narration based on the personal interest and bias of the character are determined. We identified the main symptoms of the unreliability of the narrator in the work, and the different levels at which the corresponding narrative is expressed, are highlighted. It is established that an unreliable narrative forces distancing itself from a narrator and takes everything that has been said with caution and detachment. Detailed narrative analysis of the work sheds light on the meanings, which for some reason masked, and allows you to establish artistic functions of an unreliable narrator. We believe that understanding this phenomenon makes it possible to make a comprehensive analysis of artistic text.

Download Full-text

Study of technological characteristics of the Health in gum® base for chewing gum

10.33920/med-06-2001-02 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 18-21

Author(s):

E. Blynskaya ◽

S. Tishkov ◽

V. Bueva ◽

K. Alekseev ◽

V. Alekseev ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Dosage Form ◽

Patent Protection ◽

Chewing Gum ◽

Direct Compression ◽

Technological Properties ◽

Technological Characteristics ◽

Chewing Gums

Medicated chewing gum is a convenient dosage form that allows to expand the range of medicines, ensure adherence of patients to the treatment and extend patent protection for well-known names of medicines. This article describes the technological properties of the Health in Gum® chewing gum base, which provides medicinal chewing gums with minimal addition of excipients by direct compression.

Download Full-text

CHEWING GUM

BMJ ◽

10.1136/bmj.1.2721.416-a ◽

1913 ◽

Vol 1 (2721) ◽

pp. 416-416 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

H. Kerr

Keyword(s):

Chewing Gum

Download Full-text

Narratology

10.1093/oso/9780199687701.001.0001 ◽

2019 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Genevieve Liveley

Keyword(s):

Reader Response ◽

Literary Theory ◽

Chicago School ◽

Reception History ◽

First Century ◽

Unreliable Narrator ◽

Affect And Cognition ◽

History Of ◽

Ars Poetica

This book explores the extraordinary contribution that classical poetics has made to twentieth- and twenty-first-century theories of narrative. Its aim is not to argue that modern narratologies simply present ‘old wine in new wineskins’, but to identify the diachronic affinities shared between ancient and modern stories about storytelling, recognizing that modern narratologists bring particular expertise to bear upon ancient literary theory and offer valuable insights into the interpretation of some notoriously difficult texts. By interrogating ancient and modern narratologies through the mutually imbricating dynamics of their reception it aims to arrive at a better understanding of both. Each chapter selects a key moment in the history of narratology on which to focus, zooming in from an overview of significant phases to look at core theories and texts—from the Russian formalists, Chicago school neo-Aristotelians, through the prestructuralists, structuralists, and poststructuralists, to the latest unnatural and antimimetic narratologists. The reception history that thus unfolds offers some remarkable plot twists. It unmasks Plato as an unreliable narrator and theorist, and offers a rare glimpse of Aristotle putting narrative theory into practice in the role of storyteller in his work On Poets. In Horace’s Ars Poetica and in the works of ancient scholia critics and commentators it locates a rhetorically conceived poetics and a sophisticated reader-response-based narratology evincing a keen interest in audience affect and cognition—and anticipating the cognitive turn in narratology’s mot recent postclassical phase.

Download Full-text

The comparative effect of propolis in two different vehicles; mouthwash and chewing-gum on plaque accumulation and gingival inflammation

European Journal of Dentistry ◽

10.4103/1305-7456.156851 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 09 (02) ◽

pp. 272-276 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

Nuray Ercan ◽

Ebru Olgun Erdemir ◽

Serdar Yucel Ozkan ◽

Meltem Karsiyaka Hendek

Keyword(s):

Health Care ◽

Clinical Study ◽

Oral Health ◽

Oral Hygiene ◽

Chewing Gum ◽

Gingival Inflammation ◽

Comparative Effect ◽

Gingival Health ◽

General Chemical ◽

Single Blind

ABSTRACT Objective: In general, chemical plaque agents have been used in mouthwashes, gels, and dentifrices. In some situations, application of mouthwashes and dentifrices can be difficult. Therefore, different approaches for oral health-care have been needed. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of propolis chewing-gum compared to propolis-containing mouthwash on gingival inflammation and plaque accumulation on patients that refrained from daily oral hygiene procedures for 5 days. Materials and Methods: 10 college students with systemically healthy and very good oral hygiene and gingival health were included in this randomized, single-blind, crossover 5-day plaque regrowth with a 3-day washout period clinical study. After plaque scores were reduced to zero, participants were asked to refrain from oral hygiene procedures and allocated to either propolis mouthwash or chewing-gum group. Chewing-gum was performed after meals 3 times a day for 20 min mouthwash group was instructed to rinse mouthwash 2 times a day for 1 min. On day 5, the clinical periodontal measurements containing plaque and gingival indexes were taken from the participants. Results: The both plaque and gingival indexes of propolis mouthwash group were significantly lower than that of the propolis chewing-gum group (P = 0.005). Conclusion: It was demonstrated that the propolis mouthwash was more effective than the propolis chewing gum on the plaque inhibition and the gingival inflammation.

Download Full-text