Single resistance training session leads to muscle damage without isometric strength decrease

The purpose of the present study was to determine the effects of short-term supplementation with the free acid form of β-hydroxy-β-methylbutyrate (HMB-FA) on indices of muscle damage, protein breakdown, recovery and hormone status following a high-volume resistance training session in trained athletes. A total of twenty resistance-trained males were recruited to participate in a high-volume resistance training session centred on full squats, bench presses and dead lifts. Subjects were randomly assigned to receive either 3 g/d of HMB-FA or a placebo. Immediately before the exercise session and 48 h post-exercise, serum creatine kinase (CK), urinary 3-methylhistadine (3-MH), testosterone, cortisol and perceived recovery status (PRS) scale measurements were taken. The results showed that CK increased to a greater extent in the placebo (329 %) than in the HMB-FA group (104 %) (P= 0·004, d= 1·6). There was also a significant change for PRS, which decreased to a greater extent in the placebo (9·1 (sem 0·4) to 4·6 (sem 0·5)) than in the HMB-FA group (9·1 (sem 0·3) to 6·3 (sem 0·3)) (P= 0·005, d= − 0·48). Muscle protein breakdown, measured by 3-MH analysis, numerically decreased with HMB-FA supplementation and approached significance (P= 0·08, d= 0·12). There were no acute changes in plasma total or free testosterone, cortisol or C-reactive protein. In conclusion, these results suggest that an HMB-FA supplement given to trained athletes before exercise can blunt increases in muscle damage and prevent declines in perceived readiness to train following a high-volume, muscle-damaging resistance-training session.

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The effects of acute branched-chain amino acid supplementation on recovery from a single bout of hypertrophy exercise in resistance-trained athletes

Applied Physiology Nutrition and Metabolism ◽

10.1139/apnm-2016-0569 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 42 (6) ◽

pp. 630-636 ◽

Cited By ~ 13

Author(s):

Mark Waldron ◽

Kieran Whelan ◽

Owen Jeffries ◽

Dean Burt ◽

Louis Howe ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Amino Acid ◽

Muscle Damage ◽

Muscle Soreness ◽

Training Session ◽

Isometric Strength ◽

Dietary Control ◽

Amino Acid Supplementation ◽

Double Blind ◽

Branched Chain Amino Acid ◽

Branched Chain

This study investigated the effects of acute branched-chain amino acid (BCAA) supplementation on recovery from exercise-induced muscle damage among experienced resistance-trained athletes. In a double-blind matched-pairs design, 16 resistance-trained participants, routinely performing hypertrophy training, were randomly assigned to a BCAA (n = 8) or placebo (n = 8) group. The BCAAs were administered at a dosage of 0.087 g/kg body mass, with a 2:1:1 ratio of leucine, isoleucine, and valine. The participants performed 6 sets of 10 full-squats at 70% 1-repetition maximum to induce muscle damage. All participants were diet-controlled across the study. Creatine kinase, peak isometric knee-extensor force, perceived muscle soreness, and countermovement jump (CMJ) height were measured immediately before (baseline) and at 1 h, 24 h, and 48 h postexercise. There were large to very large time effects for all measurements between baseline and 24–48 h. Between-group comparisons, expressed as a percentage of baseline, revealed differences in isometric strength at 24-h (placebo ∼87% vs. BCAA ∼92%; moderate, likely), CMJ at 24 h (placebo ∼93% vs. BCAA ∼96%; small, likely), and muscle soreness at both 24 h (placebo ∼685% vs. BCAA ∼531%; small, likely) and 48 h (placebo ∼468% vs. BCAA ∼350%; small, likely). Acute supplementation of BCAAs (0.087 g/kg) increased the rate of recovery in isometric strength, CMJ height, and perceived muscle soreness compared with placebo after a hypertrophy-based training session among diet-controlled, resistance-trained athletes. These findings question the need for longer BCAA loading phases and highlight the importance of dietary control in studies of this type.

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Acute and delayed responses of steroidal hormones after a resistance training session: time-of-day effects.

Endocrine Abstracts ◽

10.1530/endoabs.56.p941 ◽

2018 ◽

Author(s):

Manel Naifar ◽

Mouna Turki ◽

Achraf Ammar ◽

Faten Haj Kacem ◽

Mohamed Abid ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Resistance Training ◽

Training Session ◽

Time Of Day ◽

Session Time ◽

Steroidal Hormones ◽

Delayed Responses

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The effect of a weekly flywheel resistance training session on elite U-16 soccer players’ physical performance during the competitive season. A randomized controlled trial

Research in Sports Medicine ◽

10.1080/15438627.2020.1870978 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 1-15

Author(s):

Javier Raya-González ◽

Daniel Castillo ◽

Kevin L. de Keijzer ◽

Marco Beato

Keyword(s):

Randomized Controlled Trial ◽

Resistance Training ◽

Physical Performance ◽

Controlled Trial ◽

Training Session ◽

Soccer Players ◽

Randomized Controlled ◽

Competitive Season

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Effect of supplementation of branched chain amino acids in muscle damage induced by resistance training

Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition ◽

10.1186/1550-2783-7-s1-p3 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 7 (S1) ◽

Author(s):

Antonio FelipeCorrea Marangon ◽

Vinícius Vieira Lacerda ◽

Ronald Lamas Corrêa

Keyword(s):

Amino Acids ◽

Resistance Training ◽

Muscle Damage ◽

Branched Chain Amino Acids ◽

Branched Chain

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High intensity resistance training causes muscle damage and increases biomarkers of acute kidney injury in healthy individuals

PLoS ONE ◽

10.1371/journal.pone.0205791 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 13 (11) ◽

pp. e0205791 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

Tania C. Spada ◽

José M. R. D. Silva ◽

Lucila S. Francisco ◽

Lia J. Marçal ◽

Leila Antonangelo ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Acute Kidney Injury ◽

Resistance Training ◽

Muscle Damage ◽

High Intensity ◽

Kidney Injury ◽

Healthy Individuals

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Cold-Water Immersion and Contrast Water Therapy: No Improvement of Short-Term Recovery After Resistance Training

International Journal of Sports Physiology and Performance ◽

10.1123/ijspp.2016-0127 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 12 (7) ◽

pp. 886-892 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Christos K. Argus ◽

James R. Broatch ◽

Aaron C. Petersen ◽

Remco Polman ◽

David J. Bishop ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Resistance Training ◽

Performance Measures ◽

Cold Water ◽

Water Immersion ◽

Training Session ◽

Cold Water Immersion ◽

Short Term ◽

Recovery Strategies ◽

And Performance ◽

Contrast Water Therapy

Context:An athlete’s ability to recover quickly is important when there is limited time between training and competition. As such, recovery strategies are commonly used to expedite the recovery process.Purpose:To determine the effectiveness of both cold-water immersion (CWI) and contrast water therapy (CWT) compared with control on short-term recovery (<4 h) after a single full-body resistance-training session.Methods:Thirteen men (age 26 ± 5 y, weight 79 ± 7 kg, height 177 ± 5 cm) were assessed for perceptual (fatigue and soreness) and performance measures (maximal voluntary isometric contraction [MVC] of the knee extensors, weighted and unweighted countermovement jumps) before and immediately after the training session. Subjects then completed 1 of three 14-min recovery strategies (CWI, CWT, or passive sitting [CON]), with the perceptual and performance measures reassessed immediately, 2 h, and 4 h postrecovery.Results:Peak torque during MVC and jump performance were significantly decreased (P < .05) after the resistance-training session and remained depressed for at least 4 h postrecovery in all conditions. Neither CWI nor CWT had any effect on perceptual or performance measures over the 4-h recovery period.Conclusions:CWI and CWT did not improve short-term (<4-h) recovery after a conventional resistance-training session.

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The Effects of Protein and Carbohydrate Supplementation on Muscular Regeneration After Intense Resistance Training in Soccer Players

Current Developments in Nutrition ◽

10.1093/cdn/nzaa066_011 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 4 (Supplement_2) ◽

pp. 1756-1756

Author(s):

Eduard Isenmann ◽

Patrick Diel ◽

Stephan Geisler ◽

Thorsten Schiffer

Keyword(s):

Placebo Group ◽

Resistance Training ◽

Strength Training ◽

Muscle Damage ◽

Soccer Players ◽

Physiological Parameter ◽

Functional Markers ◽

Positive Trend ◽

Double Blind ◽

Positive Effects

Abstract Objectives Nutrition is a key element in post-exercise regeneration. Various studies suggest that ingestion of combined carbohydrates and proteins after exercise result in a decrease of inflammatory processes and consequently in an increase of regeneration and physical performance. Recent studies compared the pro-regenerative effects of protein/carbohydrate shakes with the intake of foodstuffs (white bread and high protein cheese) on the skeletal muscle after acute endurance exercise. The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of a conventional curd/juice shake on the regenerative capacity of soccer players after intensive strength training. Methods Therefore, sixteen young healthy in-season football payers run through a placebo checked double-blind crossover study with two groups. After a standardized training protocol, 3 sets of 12 reps deep back squats and 3 sets of 15 reps drop jumps, the participants ingested either a placebo shake (placebo-group, total calories < 10 kcal) or a conventional shake of 300 g curd and 200 ml grape juice (protein 35.8 g, carbohydrates 43.6 g, fat 0.9 g, total calories 338 kcal). To evaluate the muscle damage effects, serum creatin kinase (CK) as a physiological parameter as well 10 m sprint, counter movement jump (CMJ) and 3RM-squat as functional markers were measured at two time points (t0, t24). In addition, the CK of five players was analysed after a soccer match. Results The results show a positive trend concerning sprint and squat performance in the shake group. Especially in the squat group a significant decrease of performance was observed in the placebo group compared to the shake group (PL: −5.0 kg, P ≤ 05, SH: −3,2 kg, P = .10). In CMJ and CK no difference was observed between the two groups. In both groups, the jump in CMJ decreased and the CK value increased significantly. The increase in CK due to intensive resistance training is also comparable to the muscle damage after a football match. Conclusions In summary, it was found that a quark/juice shake has a positive influence on strength performance in soccer players after intensive strength training. These findings confirm observations from previous studies. However, the positive effects on CK could not be observed in this study. Therefore, further research on conventional foodstuff after resistance training is necessary. Funding Sources No funding.

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Is isometric strength loss immediately after eccentric exercise related to changes in indirect markers of muscle damage?

Applied Physiology Nutrition and Metabolism ◽

10.1139/h06-005 ◽

2006 ◽

Vol 31 (3) ◽

pp. 313-319 ◽

Cited By ~ 24

Author(s):

Kazunori Nosaka ◽

Dale Chapman ◽

Mike Newton ◽

Paul Sacco

Keyword(s):

Muscle Damage ◽

Eccentric Exercise ◽

Elbow Joint ◽

Muscle Soreness ◽

Correlation Coefficients ◽

Strength Loss ◽

Isometric Strength ◽

Joint Angles ◽

Arm Circumference ◽

Strong Correlate

This study tested the hypothesis that the magnitude of maximal isometric strength (MVC) loss immediately following eccentric exercise (MVC-post) would relate to changes in other indirect markers of muscle damage following exercise. Eighty-nine men were recruited from the same student population and performed 24 maximal eccentric actions of the elbow flexors. Commonly used markers of muscle damage such as relaxed and flexed elbow joint angles, range of motion (ROM), upper-arm circumference, muscle soreness, and plasma creatine kinase (CK) activity were measured before, immediately after, and 1-4 d after exercise. Pearson's product-moment correlation coefficients (r) between change in MVC-post and other markers of muscle damage, as well as MVC during recovery days, were calculated. Changes in MVC-post ranged from -72.8% to -17.6%, and correlated significantly (p < 0.01) with MVC at 1 (r = 0.59), 2 (0.63), 3 (0.61), and 4 (0.62) d after exercise. Reduction in MVC-post also correlated significantly (p < 0.05) with changes in relaxed (r = 0.50) and flexed elbow joint angles (-0.40), ROM (0.55), arm circumference (-0.45), peak palpation (-0.34) and extension muscle soreness (-0.48), and peak CK activity (-0.59). However, the r values were not necessarily high, and MVC-post poorly reflected the distribution of some measures, such as peak CK activity (124 - 50 440 IU·L-1). These results suggest that MVC-post is not a strong correlate of the changes in markers of muscle damage following eccentric exercise of the elbow flexors.Key words: maximal isometric strength, plasma CK activity, ROM, swelling, muscle soreness.

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