Occurrence of multidrug resistant Escherichia coli in groundwater of Brij region (Uttar Pradesh) and its public health implications

Livestock is an important reservoir of Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli and enterohemorrhagic E. coli (STEC/EHEC) strains and acts as a significant source of transmission to humans. In addition to the virulence of STEC/EHEC isolates, antibiotic resistance is also an escalating problem in these bacteria and increases the risk to public health. Therefore, the present study aimed to explore E. coli O157:H7 serotype and STEC/EHEC virulence genes in AmpC- and extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL)-producing E. coli isolates from cattle, chicken and sheep. A total of 61 confirmed AmpC- or ESBL-producing E. coli isolates were screened for the virulence genes (stx1, stx2, eae, ehxA, espP, katP and saa) and E. coli O157 (rfbO157) and H7 (fliCH7) genes by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). None of the ESBL-producing E. coli was positive for these genes, but six multidrug-resistant AmpC-producing E. coli were positive for the fliCH7 gene only. When considering the function of the H7 flagellar antigen of E. coli, it may be concluded that the development of ESBL/AmpC beta-lactamase production in the E. coli isolates with H7 flagella, which reside in the chicken intestine, may be potentially important for public health regarding both virulence and antimicrobial resistance.

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Assessment of the Physicochemical Qualities and Prevalence of Escherichia coli and Vibrios in the Final Effluents of Two Wastewater Treatment Plants in South Africa: Ecological and Public Health Implications

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health ◽

10.3390/ijerph121013399 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 12 (10) ◽

pp. 13399-13412 ◽

Cited By ~ 11

Author(s):

Olayinka Osuolale ◽

Anthony Okoh

Keyword(s):

Public Health ◽

Escherichia Coli ◽

South Africa ◽

Wastewater Treatment ◽

Wastewater Treatment Plants ◽

Health Implications

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Molecular Characterization of Escherichia coli Isolates Carrying mcr-1, fosA3, and Extended-Spectrum-β-Lactamase Genes from Food Samples in China

Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy ◽

10.1128/aac.00064-17 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 61 (6) ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

Xiaobo Liu ◽

Ruichao Li ◽

Zhiwei Zheng ◽

Kaichao Chen ◽

Miaomiao Xie ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Public Health ◽

Escherichia Coli ◽

Molecular Characterization ◽

Food Products ◽

Multidrug Resistant ◽

Food Samples ◽

Content Type ◽

E Coli ◽

Extended Spectrum

ABSTRACT This study surveyed the prevalence of mcr-1 in extended-spectrum-β-lactamase (ESBL)-producing Escherichia coli strains of food origin in China and identified strains that carried mcr-1, fosA3, and ESBL genes, which were carried in various plasmids. The mcr-1 and ESBL genes could be cotransferred by one or more types of plasmids. The presence of these multidrug-resistant E. coli strains in food products might pose a huge threat to public health.

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Detection of Escherichia coli O157:H7 virulence genes in isolates from beef, pork, water, human and animal species in the northwest province, South Africa: public health implications

Research in Microbiology ◽

10.1016/j.resmic.2010.11.008 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 162 (3) ◽

pp. 240-248 ◽

Cited By ~ 44

Author(s):

Collins Njie Ateba ◽

Moses Mbewe

Keyword(s):

Public Health ◽

Escherichia Coli ◽

South Africa ◽

Animal Species ◽

Virulence Genes ◽

Escherichia Coli O157 ◽

Health Implications ◽

Northwest Province

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Molecular Detection of Antibiotic-Resistant Genes in Pseudomonas aeruginosa from Nonclinical Environment: Public Health Implications in Mthatha, Eastern Cape Province, South Africa

International Journal of Microbiology ◽

10.1155/2021/8861074 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 2021 ◽

pp. 1-9

Author(s):

Mojisola Clara Hosu ◽

Sandeep Vasaikar ◽

Grace Emily Okuthe ◽

Teke Apalata

Keyword(s):

Public Health ◽

Pseudomonas Aeruginosa ◽

Multidrug Resistant ◽

Eastern Cape ◽

Antibiotic Resistant ◽

Health Implications ◽

Resistant Genes ◽

Antimicrobial Resistance Genes ◽

Mar Index ◽

Abattoir Wastewater

Evaluation of resistant profiles and detection of antimicrobial-resistant genes of bacterial pathogens in the nonclinical milieu is imperative to assess the probable risk of dissemination of resistant genes in the environment. This paper sought to identify antibiotic-resistant genes in Pseudomonas aeruginosa from nonclinical sources in Mthatha, Eastern Cape, and evaluate its public health implications. Samples collected from abattoir wastewater and aquatic environment were processed by membrane filtration and cultured on CHROMagarTM Pseudomonas medium. Species identification was performed by autoSCAN-4 (Dade Behring Inc., IL). Molecular characterization of the isolates was confirmed using real-time polymerase chain reaction (rPCR) and selected isolates were further screened for the possibility of harboring antimicrobial resistance genes. Fifty-one Pseudomonas species were recovered from abattoir wastewater and surface water samples, out of which thirty-six strains were Pseudomonas aeruginosa (70.6%). The P. aeruginosa isolates demonstrated resistance to aztreonam (86.1%), ceftazidime (63.9%), piperacillin (58.3%), cefepime (55.6%), imipenem (50%), piperacillin/tazobactam (47.2%), meropenem (41.7%), and levofloxacin (30.6%). Twenty out of thirty-six P. aeruginosa displayed multidrug resistance profiles and were classified as multidrug-resistant (MDR) (55.6%). Most of the bacterial isolates exhibited a high Multiple Antibiotic Resistance (MAR) Index ranging from 0.08 to 0.69 with a mean MAR index of 0.38. In the rPCR analysis of fifteen P. aeruginosa isolates, 14 isolates (93.3%) were detected harboring blaSHV, six isolates (40%) harbored blaTEM, and three isolates (20%) harbored blaCTX-M, being the least occurring ESBL. Results of the current study revealed that P. aeruginosa isolates recovered from nonclinical milieu are resistant to frontline clinically relevant antipseudomonal drugs. This is concerning as it poses a risk to the environment and constitutes a public health threat. Given the public health relevance, the paper recommends monitoring of multidrug-resistant pathogens in effluent environments.

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