scholarly journals Morphological study of larynx, trachea, and lungs of Didelphis marsupialis (LINNAEUS, 1758)

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (10) ◽  
pp. 2142-2149
Author(s):  
Bruna Tassia Santos Pantoja ◽  
Armando Reinaldo Marques Silva ◽  
Renata Mondego-Oliveira ◽  
Thamires Santos Silva ◽  
Babara Carvalho Marques ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hyaline Cartilage ◽  
Main Bronchus ◽  
Thyroid Cartilage ◽  
Left Lung ◽  
Phylogenetic Study ◽  
Thoracic Cavity ◽  
Formaldehyde Solution ◽  
Running Water ◽  
Morphological Studies ◽  
The Right

Background and Aim: From a biomedical point of view, the value of marsupials as a model of primitive mammals is indisputable. Among its species, the possum is a model that allows the study of the ontogeny of different organic systems, as well as their physiological aspects. The relevance of anatomical, functional, evolutionary, and phylogenetic study of marsupials for the development of comparative morphology is extensively documented in the literature. However, there are still many aspects to be further evaluated, as the anatomy and histology of the respiratory tract of this species. The aim of this study was to describe the morphology of the larynx, trachea, and lungs of Didelphis marsupialis. Materials and Methods: Five adult male animals were donated to the Comparative Animal Anatomy Laboratory – LAAC/ CCAA-UFMA, for morphological studies. Specimens were washed in running water to perform biometrics. Then, they were fixed with 10% formaldehyde solution. After the fixation period, the specimens were positioned in dorsal decubitus position, for dissection of the respiratory system organs, by opening the ventral region of the neck and thoracic cavity, with subsequent removal of the pectoral muscles, ribs, and sternum. For histological analysis, fragments of 1 cm2 of the larynx (epiglottis and thyroid cartilages), trachea, and lungs were collected and fixed in 10% formaldehyde solution. Right after fixation, the fragments were dehydrated in increasing concentrations of ethyl alcohol (70, 80, 95, and 100%), diaphanized in xylene, embedded in paraffin, and sectioned into thin slices of 5 μm using a microtome. Sections were stained using the hematoxylin and eosin technique. Results: Anatomically, the larynx starts right after the pharynx. It consisted of four cartilages: Epiglottis, cricoid, thyroid, and arytenoid. The trachea was made of dorsally incomplete cartilaginous rings. At the entrance of the thoracic cavity, it bifurcated into the left and right main bronchus. The left lung was smaller than the right lung, with two lobes (cranial and caudal). The right lung presents the cranial, middle, caudal, and accessory lobes. Histologically, the epiglottis consisted of elastic cartilage and is covered by a non-keratinized stratified squamous epithelium. Thyroid cartilage is made of hyaline cartilage covered by smooth muscle. The trachea presents hyaline cartilage, with ciliated pseudo-stratified epithelium, serous glands, isogenic groups of chondrocytes, and perichondrium. The lung consisted of bronchi, bronchioles, and alveoli, also presenting blood vessels and arteries. Conclusion: Morphologically, the larynx, trachea, and lungs of D. marsupialis were similar to those of the other Didelphids described in the literature.

scholarly journals Topography of lymph nodes around the right main bronchus

2020 ◽  
pp. 5-9
Author(s):  
O. I. Fedulov ◽  
V. V. Maslyakov
Keyword(s):  
Lymph Nodes ◽  
Main Bronchus ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Practical Interest ◽  
Forensic Autopsy ◽  
Lung Pathology ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Thoracic Cavity ◽  
Topographic Features ◽  
The Right

The study is based on the study of 30 organ complexes from the human thoracic cavity, distributed into 5 age groups with 10-year interval, 6 observations in each group: 1st age group – 20–30 years, 2nd age group – 31–40 years, 3rd age group – 41–50 years, 4th age group – 51–60 years, 5th age group – 61–70 years. All medications were taken from people without heart and lung pathology at forensic autopsy according to the generally accepted method. Based on the results obtained, topographic features of lymph nodes location around the right main bronchus are given, which is of practical interest.

scholarly journals Successful one-lung ventilation by blocking the right intermediate bronchus in a 7-year-old child: a case report

2019 ◽  
Vol 47 (6) ◽  
pp. 2740-2745
Author(s):  
Seung Youp Baek ◽  
Jin Hwan Kim ◽  
Goo Kim ◽  
Jin Ho Choi ◽  
Chang Young Jeong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Endotracheal Tube ◽  
Main Bronchus ◽  
Left Lung ◽  
Lung Ventilation ◽  
Surgical Excision ◽  
One Lung Ventilation ◽  
Lower Lung ◽  
Endobronchial Blocker ◽  
Surgical Field ◽  
The Right

A 7-year-old child underwent surgical excision of a benign mesothelioma of the pleura near the right lower lung. Although insertion of a wire-reinforced endotracheal tube through the left main bronchus was attempted for one-lung ventilation to secure the surgical field of view, the attempt failed. Therefore, an endotracheal tube was inserted into the trachea, and an Arndt endobronchial blocker (Cook Medical, Bloomington, IN, USA) was placed in the right intermediate bronchus under bronchoscopic guidance to selectively block the right lower and middle lobes. The surgery was performed while ventilating the right upper lobe and left lung, and no specific intraoperative adverse events occurred.

Aerosol deposition in the lung with asymmetric airways obstruction: in vivo observation

1989 ◽  
Vol 67 (6) ◽  
pp. 2579-2585 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. S. Kim ◽  
M. A. Eldridge ◽  
L. Garcia ◽  
A. Wanner
Keyword(s):  
Main Bronchus ◽  
Left Lung ◽  
Aerosol Deposition ◽  
Base Line ◽  
Deposition Pattern ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Airway Obstructions ◽  
L 51 ◽  
The Right

Both the total and regional aerosol deposition were measured in six adult sheep before and after an induction of asymmetric airway obstructions, either by local instillation of carbachol solution (CS, 0.1%) distal to the right main bronchus or inhalation challenge of the right lung with carbachol aerosol (CA, 10 breaths). Total lung deposition was determined by monitoring inert monodisperse aerosols [1.0 micron mass median aerodynamic diam (MMAD)] breath-by-breath, at the mouth, by means of a laser aerosol photometer. Cumulative aerosol deposition over the first five breaths as a percent of the initial aerosol concentration (AD5) was used as a deposition index. Regional deposition pattern was determined by scintigraphic images of sulfur-colloid aerosol (1.5 microns MMAD) tagged with 99mTc. Radioactivity counts in the right (R) and left lung (L) were expressed as a percent of the whole lung count. Half-lung AD5 was then determined by multiplying AD5 by fractional radioaerosol depositions in R or L. Pulmonary airflow resistance (RL mean +/- SE), as determined by an esophageal balloon technique, increased by 111 +/- 28 and 250 +/- 96% after CA and CS, respectively (P less than 0.05). AD5 also increased in all the sheep tested by 29 +/- 3 and 52 +/- 8%, respectively, after CA and CS (P less than 0.05). Radioaerosol deposition pattern was even at base line (R/L = 51:49) but shifted toward the unchallenged L after CS (R/L = 40:60). Deposition pattern after CA was variable: a shift toward L in three, no change in one, and a shift toward the R lung in two sheep.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Severe stenosis of a long tracheal segment, with agenesis of the right lung and left pulmonary arterial sling

2006 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 89-91 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hamish M. Munro ◽  
Andrea M. C. Sorbello ◽  
David G. Nykanen
Keyword(s):  
Pulmonary Artery ◽  
Surgical Repair ◽  
Main Bronchus ◽  
Left Lung ◽  
Proximal Part ◽  
Pulmonary Vasculature ◽  
Severe Stenosis ◽  
Right Pulmonary Artery ◽  
Pulmonary Arterial ◽  
The Right

A baby presented at term with respiratory distress was managed with extracorporeal membrane oxygenation. Bronchoscopy revealed tracheal hypoplasia, complete tracheal rings, and agenesis of the right main bronchus. Echocardiography showed a left pulmonary arterial sling arising from the proximal part of the right pulmonary artery. Cardiac catheterization demonstrated abnormal pulmonary vasculature in the left lung which would have prevented survival, even after surgical repair. Diagnostic catheterization was important in delineating the anatomy, and aided in the decision not to proceed with surgical repair.

Prenatal diagnosis of obstructive pulmonary disease: atresia of the main bronchus

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
A.R. Sleptsov
Keyword(s):  
Prenatal Diagnosis ◽  
Pulmonary Disease ◽  
Main Bronchus ◽  
Abdominal Cavity ◽  
Left Lung ◽  
Obstructive Pulmonary Disease ◽  
The Right

A case of prenatal diagnosis of atresia of the main bronchus of the right lung at 21 weeks of gestation is presented. Right lung was increase and high echogenic. An anechogenic structure (bronchocele) was visualized in the region of the lung root. The left lung is sharply hypoplastic, the heart is shifted to the left, ascites in the abdominal cavity. Pregnancy was interrupted for medical reasons. The interest of the publication is due to the rarity of the malformation.

scholarly journals RIGHT LUNG WITH DISTINCT LOBAR PATTERN: AN UNUSUAL VARIANT

2020 ◽  
pp. 11-12
Author(s):  
Ankita Chauhan ◽  
Suman Yadav ◽  
Nitin Patiyal
Keyword(s):  
Postoperative Complications ◽  
Developmental Process ◽  
Left Lung ◽  
Thoracic Cavity ◽  
Human Cadaver ◽  
Normal Anatomy ◽  
Thoracic Region ◽  
Anatomical Knowledge ◽  
Unusual Variant ◽  
The Right

The lungs are paired, soft and spongy organs of respiration present in the greater part of thoracic cavity on either side of mediastinum resting on diaphragm. The right lung is typically divided into three lobes namely superior, middle and inferior by the oblique and horizontal ssures. The left lung is divided into superior and inferior lobes by a single deep oblique ssure. The ssures act as a plane of cleavage covered by extensions of pulmonary pleura that helps in expansion of lungs during respiration. During the routine dissection of thoracic region of human cadaver, right lung with accessory ssures and distinctive lobar pattern was observed. The right lung was divided into ve disproportionate lobes by four ssures. The left lung had normal anatomy without any variation in this case. The variations in the ssures and lobar pattern of lungs are not uncommon and are due to altered developmental process during intrauterine life. The anatomical knowledge of these variations is important for clinicians prior to performing any pulmonary surgical procedures and to prevent postoperative complications.

scholarly journals Experience of tracheo-bronchoplastic surgery for lung cancer

2021 ◽  
Vol 20 (4) ◽  
pp. 46-52
Author(s):  
D. N. Pilkevich ◽  
S. A. Dovbnya ◽  
P. M. Kholnyy ◽  
A. S. Tsvirenko
Keyword(s):  
Lung Cancer ◽  
Main Bronchus ◽  
Superior Vena ◽  
Left Lung ◽  
Vena Cava ◽  
Morphological Structure ◽  
Pathological Process ◽  
Vagus Nerves ◽  
The Right ◽  
Functional Operability

Introduction. Currently, surgical treatment of lung cancer is impossible without the use of tracheobronchoplastic operations, which in advanced specialized clinics take up to 5-10% of all radical operations. Material and methods. We conducted a retrospective study including 21 patients with centrally located lung cancer who underwent 22 tracheobronchoplastic radical operations between 2000 and 2021. The operated patients included 18 men and 3 women aged 42 to 67 years (mean age 54.5 ± 12.5 years). The morphological structure of the tumors was represented by carcinoid (2) and squamous cell carcinoma (19). The pathological process was located in the right lung in 16 patients and in the left lung — in five patients. Comorbid status was present in 20 patients. Standard lateral thoracotomy was used in 18 cases, and video-assisted minithoracotomy — in three cases. Extended lymphodissection up to D2 was performed in all surgeries. Combined surgeries included resection of adjacent organs: pericardium (2), unpaired vein (2), superior vena cava (1), diaphragmatic and vagus nerves (1), pleura (1). Results. The average duration of operations was 242.3 minutes (125-345 minutes), the average blood loss was 283.2 ml (50–1000 ml). Complications developed in 5 (22.7%) patients. Mortality was observed in 2 (9.1%) cases. Conclusion. The use of tracheobronchoplastic operations significantly expands the possibilities of thoracic surgery in treatment of lung cancer both due to technical resectability of the tumor at the transition to the main bronchus and trachea and due to functional operability at low respiratory functions and impossibility to perform pneumonectomy.

scholarly journals Optimization of anesthetic tactics in the surgical treatment of multiple primary non-small cell lung cancer

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 42-49
Author(s):  
S. N. Tikhonova ◽  
D. A. Rozenko ◽  
N. D. Ushakova ◽  
N. N. Popova ◽  
A. M. Skopintsev ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Surgical Treatment ◽  
Gas Exchange ◽  
Main Bronchus ◽  
Pulmonary Ventilation ◽  
Left Lung ◽  
Functional Correction ◽  
Multiple Primary ◽  
Lobar Bronchus ◽  
Life Threatening ◽  
The Right

The article describes a clinical case of surgical treatment of a patient with multiple primary malignant lesions of the lungs (cancer of the left lung, central peribronchial nodular tumor with involvement of the upper lobe and distal parts of the main bronchus; cancer of the right lung, central tumor with involvement of the upper lobar bronchus). Radical treatment became possible due to using the potential of artifi cial gas exchange of both lungs with two devices with fundamentally different ventilation mechanics. The choice of an optimal tactics for the functional correction of the supposed hypoxemia by volumetric and high-frequency pulmonary ventilation allowed avoiding an imbalance in the ventilation/perfusion ratio and preventing the development of life-threatening complications, as well as ensured an adequate gas exchange for the patient during surgical treatment.

scholarly journals Bilobed right lung: a case of absent horizontal fissure

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 1225
Author(s):  
Ankita Chauhan ◽  
Suman Yadav ◽  
Nitin Patiyal
Keyword(s):  
Developmental Process ◽  
Left Lung ◽  
Thoracic Cavity ◽  
Human Cadaver ◽  
Normal Anatomy ◽  
Thoracic Region ◽  
Human Lungs ◽  
Anatomical Knowledge ◽  
The Right ◽  
Oblique Fissure

The human lungs are organs of respiration present in the greater part of thoracic cavity on each side of heart in the mediastinum resting on diaphragm. The right lung is classically divided into three lobes namely superior, middle and inferior by the oblique and horizontal fissures. The left lung is divided into superior and inferior lobes by a single deep oblique fissure. The fissures help in expansion of lungs during respiration. During the routine dissection of thoracic region of human cadaver, bilobed right lung with absent horizontal fissure was observed. The right lung was divided into superior and inferior lobe by a single oblique fissure. The left lung had normal anatomy in this case. The variations in the fissures and lobar pattern of lungs are common and are due to altered developmental process during intrauterine life. The anatomical knowledge of these disparities in fissures is important for clinicians prior to performing any pulmonary surgical procedures and to prevent postoperative complications. 

scholarly journals Granular cell tumor of the bronchus coexisting with a bronchogenic adenocarcinoma: Case report

2011 ◽  
Vol 19 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 31-33
Author(s):  
Nenad Solajic ◽  
Jelena Krcedinac ◽  
Golub Samardzija ◽  
Miljan Milic ◽  
Aleksandra Lovrenski
Keyword(s):  
Tumor Cells ◽  
Radiation Treatment ◽  
Main Bronchus ◽  
Left Lung ◽  
Granular Cell ◽  
Large Tumor ◽  
S 100 ◽  
Bronchogenic Adenocarcinoma ◽  
The Right ◽  
Contrast Ct

Pulmonary granular cell tumors (GCTs) are uncommon and usually benign and their coexistence with bronchogenic adenocarcinoma is rare. We report the case of 50-year-old woman with GCT located in the left lung hilum, which occurred simultaneously with a primary bronchogenic adenocarcinoma in the same area. Contrast CT scan of the head revealed secondary deposits in the right cerebellum, presumably of adenocarcinomas origin. Bronchoscopy revealed narrowing on the beginning of the left lingular bronchus and infiltration of the medial distal wall of the left main bronchus. Large tumor cells with eosinophilic granular cytoplasm were seen on light microscopic examination. Tumor cells fully occupied submucosa and had small, round nuclei with no signs of pleomorphism. Immunohistochemically, these cells were S-100 positive. In small area, groups of atypical oval-shaped cells of adenocarcinomas origin were noticed. This confirmed the diagnosis of GCT coexisting with adenocarcinoma. After consultation with oncologists, the patient was scheduled for further polychemotherapy and radiation treatment.

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