scholarly journals Effects of dietary fiber sources on bacterial diversity in separate segments of the gastrointestinal tract of native and exotic pig breeds raised in Vietnam

2021 ◽  
pp. 2579-2587
Author(s):  
Tran Thi Bich Ngoc ◽  
Nguyen Cong Oanh ◽  
Tran Thi Thu Hong ◽  
Pham Kim Dang
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Diversity ◽  
Dietary Fiber ◽  
Significant Interaction Effect ◽  
Variable Regions ◽  
High Fiber ◽  
Pig Breeds ◽  
Fiber Diet ◽  
Body Weights ◽  
Dietary Treatments ◽  
Animal Sciences

Background and Aim: Dietary fiber has distinctive effects on the environment and microbiota of the pig's intestinal tract. This study was conducted at the naturally ventilated facility of the experimental station, National Institute of Animal Sciences, Vietnam, to examine the effects of fiber sources in diets on the intestinal microbiota of two different pig breeds raised in Vietnam. Materials and Methods: A total of 18 native and 18 exotic pigs with average initial body weights of 9.5±0.4 and 16.5±0.4 kg, respectively, were each divided into three dietary treatments, including a low-fiber diet containing approximately 200 g NDF per kg dry matter (DM) and two high-fiber diets containing cassava by-products or brewer's grains containing approximately 300 g NDF per kg DM. At the end of the experiment (28 days), the bacterial diversity of digesta samples collected from the stomach, ileum, and colon segments was analyzed through DGGE analysis of the V3 variable regions of 16S-rDNA and by cloning and sequencing. Results: Among the diets, significant differences were observed in the number of DNA bands in the stomach between the native and exotic pigs (p<0.05), but not in the ileum and colon. The dietary fiber affected the number of DNA bands in the ileum (p<0.05), but not in the stomach and colon. A significant interaction effect was found between diet and breed on the number of DNA bands in the ileum (p<0.05). Dietary fiber and breed had a greater effect on microbiota in the ileum and colon than that in the stomach. Conclusion: The fiber sources affected the number of DNA bands in the ileum, and breed affected the number of DNA bands in the stomach. The microbial compositions in the ileum and colon segments were significantly affected by the dietary fiber and breed.

Effects of dietary fiber and diet diversity on digestive organs of captive Mallards (Anas platyrhynchos)

1988 ◽  
Vol 66 (7) ◽  
pp. 1597-1602 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Patrick Kehoe ◽  
C. Davison Ankney ◽  
Ray T. Alisauskas
Keyword(s):  
Small Intestine ◽  
Dietary Fiber ◽  
Anas Platyrhynchos ◽  
Abdominal Fat ◽  
Diet Diversity ◽  
High Fiber ◽  
Digestive Organs ◽  
Fiber Diet ◽  
Fiber Plant ◽  
High Fiber Diet

We studied the effects of dietary fiber, of plant versus animal diets, and of diet diversity on the digestive organ morphology of captive Mallards (Anas platyrhynchos). Four experimental diets were used: whole corn (low fiber, plant), trout chow (low fiber, primarily animal), rabbit chow (high fiber, plant), and a diverse diet consisting of each of the preceding diets fed daily in random order. Every 5 days for 25 days, we sampled birds from each diet group (N = 6–8) and weighed each bird and its abdominal fat, gizzard, ceca, small intestine, and liver, and then measured its ceca and small intestine length. Other than differences explained by their different body sizes, the sex of the birds had no effect on gut measurements. Changes in body weight and abdominal fat weight suggested that Mallards existed equally well on each of the four diets, presumably because changes in their digestive organs allowed them to have similar digestive efficiencies when eating different diets. Birds on the high fiber diet had the largest digestive organs, but birds on all diets showed changes in digestive organs. The diverse diet produced effects on digestive organ morphology similar to those of the two low-fibre diets. Except for a larger gizzard for macerating corn in birds on that diet, there was no difference in the digestive organs between birds eating animal foods and those eating low fiber plant foods. The maximum weight of gizzard, intestine, and ceca of birds on the high fiber diet was reached in 10 days. However, ceca and intestine lengths of these birds were still increasing after 25 days. This observation suggests that birds can continue to respond to a change in diet after limits to the mass of their digestive organs have been reached.

scholarly journals DIETARY FIBER IMPORTANCE IN FOOD AND IMPACT ON HEALTH

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (4RAST) ◽  
pp. 17-21
Author(s):  
Divyashree K ◽  
Amar Sankar ◽  
R.C. Chandni ◽  
A. V. Raghu
Keyword(s):  
Dietary Fiber ◽  
Fruits And Vegetables ◽  
Good Health ◽  
Enzymatic Digestion ◽  
Lower Body ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Carbohydrate Component ◽  
High Fiber ◽  
Body Weights ◽  
Positive Effect

Dietary fibre is a non-digestable part of plant material in the diet which is resistant to enzymatic digestion in humans which includes cellulose, non-cellulosic polysaccharides such as hemicellulose, pectic substances, gums, mucilages and a non-carbohydrate component lignin. The diet rich in fibre such as cereals, nuts, fruits and vegetables have a positive effect on health since their consumption has been related to decreased incidence of several diseases. Higher intakes of dietary fiber are linked to less cardiovascular disease, diabetes, obesity, intestinal cancer, constipation, and other disorders that have serious adverse effects on the health of human beings and also higher intakes of fiber are linked to lower body weights. So improvement of diet with high fiber will help in maintaining good health when consumed in the required amount.

scholarly journals Dietary fat and fiber impacts intestinal microbiome resilience to antibiotics and Clostridoides difficile infection in mice

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keith Z. Hazleton ◽  
Casey G. Martin ◽  
Kathleen L. Arnolds ◽  
Nichole M. Nusbacher ◽  
Nancy Moreno-Huizar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bile Acids ◽  
Dietary Fiber ◽  
Dietary Fat ◽  
High Fat Diet ◽  
Intestinal Microbiome ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Low Fat ◽  
Effective Prevention ◽  
High Fiber ◽  
Fiber Diet

AbstractClostridoides difficile infection (CDI) is a leading cause of hospital-acquired diarrhea and there has been a steady increase in the number of new infections, emphasizing the importance of novel prevention strategies. Use of broad-spectrum antibiotics and disruption of the intestinal microbiome is one of the most important risk factors of CDI. We used a murine model of antibiotic-induced CDI to investigate the relative contributions of high dietary fat and low dietary fiber on disease pathogenesis. We found that high fat, but not low fiber resulted in increased mortality from CDI (HR 4.95) and increased levels of C. difficile toxin production compared to a regular low-fat/high-fiber mouse diet even though we did not observe a significant change in C. difficile carriage. The high-fat diet also increased levels of primary bile acids known to be germination factors for C. difficile spores. Mice fed low-fat/low-fiber diets did not show increased CDI pathogenesis, but did have a larger antibiotic-induced gut microbiome disturbance compared to mice fed a high-fiber diet, characterized by a greater decrease in alpha diversity. This microbiome disturbance was associated with a loss of secondary bile acids and short chain fatty acids, which are both microbial metabolic products previously shown to protect against CDI. These data suggest that a low-fiber diet contributes to antibiotic-induced dysbiosis, while a high-fat diet promotes CDI pathogenesis. These findings indicate that dietary interventions that increase fiber and decrease fat may be an effective prevention strategy for individuals at high risk of CDI.One Sentence SummaryHigh dietary fat promoted mortality in a mouse model of antibiotic-induced C. difficile infection and low dietary fiber caused higher microbiome disturbance upon broad-spectum antibiotic exposure, suggesting that diets low in fat and high in fiber may protect against C. difficile pathogenesis.

scholarly journals A high dietary fiber randomized clinical trial reduces gestational weight gain, fat accrual, and postpartum weight retention

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Holly R. Hull ◽  
Amy Herman ◽  
Heather Gibbs ◽  
Byron Gajewski ◽  
Kelli Krase ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Dietary Fiber ◽  
Gestational Weight Gain ◽  
Weight Retention ◽  
High Fiber ◽  
Gestational Weight ◽  
Fiber Diet ◽  
High Fiber Diet ◽  
One Year

Abstract Background: Interventions to prevent excessive gestational weight gain (GWG) have had limited success This pilot study examined the effectiveness of a single goal (SG) high dietary fiber intervention to prevent excessive GWG. Methods: Twelve weekly lessons focused on consuming a high fiber diet (≥30 g/day). Snacks containing 10-12 g of dietary fiber were given for the first six weeks only. Body composition was measured at baseline and at the end of the intervention. At one-year postpartum, body weight retention and dietary practices were assessed. A p-value is reported for the primary analysis only. For all other comparisons, Cohen’s d is reported to indicate effect size. Results: The SG group increased fiber intake during the study (32 g/day at 6 weeks, 27 g/day at 12 weeks), whereas the UC group did not (~17 g/day). No differences were found for the proportion of women classified as excessive gainers (p=0.13). During the intervention, the SG group gained less body weight (-4.1 kg) and less fat mass (-2.8 kg) (d=1.3). At one year postpartum, the SG group retained less weight (0.35 vs. 4.4 kg, respectively; d=1.8), and reported trying to currently eat high fiber foods. Conclusion: The SG intervention resulted in less weight gain, fat accrual, and weight retention at one year postpartum. A residual intervention effect was detected postpartum with the participants reporting continued efforts to consume a high fiber diet.

scholarly journals A high dietary fiber randomized clinical trial reduces gestational weight gain, fat accrual, and postpartum weight retention

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Holly R. Hull ◽  
Amy Herman ◽  
Heather Gibbs ◽  
Byron Gajewski ◽  
Kelli Krase ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Dietary Fiber ◽  
Gestational Weight Gain ◽  
Weight Retention ◽  
High Fiber ◽  
Gestational Weight ◽  
Fiber Diet ◽  
High Fiber Diet ◽  
One Year

Abstract Background Interventions to prevent excessive gestational weight gain (GWG) have had limited success This pilot study examined the effectiveness of a single goal (SG) high dietary fiber intervention to prevent excessive GWG.Methods Twelve weekly lessons focused on consuming a high fiber diet (≥30 g/day). Snacks containing 10-12 g of dietary fiber were given for the first six weeks only. Body composition was measured at baseline and at the end of the intervention. At one-year postpartum, body weight retention and dietary practices were assessed.Results The SG group increased fiber intake during the study (32 g/day at 6 weeks, 27 g/day at 12 weeks), whereas the UC group did not (~17 g/day). No differences were found for the proportion of women classified as excessive gainers. During the intervention, the SG group gained less body weight (-4.1 kg) and less fat mass (-2.8 kg) (p<0.05). At one year postpartum, the SG group retained less weight, though non-significant (0.35 vs. 4.4 kg, respectively; p=0.32), and reported trying to currently eat high fiber foods.Conclusion The SG intervention resulted in less weight gain, fat accrual, and weight retention at one year postpartum. A residual intervention effect was detected postpartum with the participants reporting continued efforts to consume a high fiber diet.

scholarly journals Dietary Fiber Protects against Diabetic Nephropathy through Short-Chain Fatty Acid–Mediated Activation of G Protein–Coupled Receptors GPR43 and GPR109A

2020 ◽  
Vol 31 (6) ◽  
pp. 1267-1281 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yan Jun Li ◽  
Xiaochen Chen ◽  
Tony K. Kwan ◽  
Yik Wen Loh ◽  
Julian Singer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetic Nephropathy ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Dietary Fiber ◽  
G Protein Coupled Receptors ◽  
Diabetic Mice ◽  
High Fiber ◽  
Fiber Diet ◽  
Genes Encoding ◽  
Normal Chow ◽  
G Protein Coupled

BackgroundStudies have reported “dysbiotic” changes to gut microbiota, such as depletion of gut bacteria that produce short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) through gut fermentation of fiber, in CKD and diabetes. Dietary fiber is associated with decreased inflammation and mortality in CKD, and SCFAs have been proposed to mediate this effect.MethodsTo explore dietary fiber’s effect on development of experimental diabetic nephropathy, we used streptozotocin to induce diabetes in wild-type C57BL/6 and knockout mice lacking the genes encoding G protein–coupled receptors GPR43 or GPR109A. Diabetic mice were randomized to high-fiber, normal chow, or zero-fiber diets, or SCFAs in drinking water. We used proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy for metabolic profiling and 16S ribosomal RNA sequencing to assess the gut microbiome.ResultsDiabetic mice fed a high-fiber diet were significantly less likely to develop diabetic nephropathy, exhibiting less albuminuria, glomerular hypertrophy, podocyte injury, and interstitial fibrosis compared with diabetic controls fed normal chow or a zero-fiber diet. Fiber beneficially reshaped gut microbial ecology and improved dysbiosis, promoting expansion of SCFA-producing bacteria of the genera Prevotella and Bifidobacterium, which increased fecal and systemic SCFA concentrations. Fiber reduced expression of genes encoding inflammatory cytokines, chemokines, and fibrosis-promoting proteins in diabetic kidneys. SCFA-treated diabetic mice were protected from nephropathy, but not in the absence of GPR43 or GPR109A. In vitro, SCFAs modulated inflammation in renal tubular cells and podocytes under hyperglycemic conditions.ConclusionsDietary fiber protects against diabetic nephropathy through modulation of the gut microbiota, enrichment of SCFA-producing bacteria, and increased SCFA production. GPR43 and GPR109A are critical to SCFA-mediated protection against this condition. Interventions targeting the gut microbiota warrant further investigation as a novel renoprotective therapy in diabetic nephropathy.

scholarly journals Effects of dietary soluble or insoluble fiber intake in late gestation on litter performance, milk composition, immune function, and redox status of sows around parturition

2020 ◽  
Vol 98 (10) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yang Liu ◽  
Nan Chen ◽  
Dan Li ◽  
Hua Li ◽  
Zhengfeng Fang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune Function ◽  
Dietary Fiber ◽  
Redox Status ◽  
Milk Composition ◽  
Late Gestation ◽  
Fiber Intake ◽  
Soluble Fiber ◽  
High Fiber ◽  
Dietary Treatments ◽  
Insoluble Fiber

Abstract The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of dietary soluble fiber (SF) or insoluble fiber (ISF) intake in late gestation on litter performance, milk composition, immune function, and redox status of sows around parturition. A total of 60 Yorkshire sows were randomly assigned into three dietary treatments: normal level of dietary fiber (CON, 16.16% dietary fiber with 1.78% soluble fiber and 14.38% insoluble fiber), high insoluble fiber (ISF, 30.12% dietary fiber with 2.97% soluble fiber and 27.15% insoluble fiber), and high soluble fiber (SF, 30.15% dietary fiber with 4.57% soluble fiber and 25.58% insoluble fiber). Digestible energy and crude protein intake were comparable among treatments via adjusting feed intake from day 90 of gestation to parturition. After parturition, all sows were fed the same lactation diet. Results showed that litter performance of sows was not markedly affected by maternal fiber intake. However, sows fed ISF or SF diet had increased concentration of plasma mmunoglobulin G at day 107 (P &lt; 0.05) and parturition (P &lt; 0.01), and the SF diet had a tendency to increase fat content in both colostrum and milk relative to the CON diet. Furthermore, sows fed ISF diet had increased glutathione peroxidase activity (P &lt; 0.05) at day 107, but decreased the plasma level of malondialdehyde at parturition (P &lt; 0.05). High maternal SF intake tended to decrease the number of weaned piglets due to the increased preweaning mortality, as compared with sows fed the ISF diet. In conclusion, high fiber intake in late gestation may improve immune function and redox status, but differentially influenced the milk composition and preweaning mortality.

scholarly journals SERAT MAKANAN DAN PERANNYA BAGI KESEHATAN

2007 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 45 ◽  
Author(s):  
Clara Meliyanti Kusharto
Keyword(s):  
Dietary Fiber ◽  
Physiological Effect ◽  
The Body ◽  
Industrial Countries ◽  
High Fiber ◽  
Dietary Fiber Intake ◽  
Fiber Diet ◽  
Positive Effect ◽  
Body Response ◽  
The Ideal

<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 11.9pt 6pt 14.2pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 28.65pt;"><span style="font-size: 10pt;">A study of fiber used epidemiological approach proved that in industrial countries occurence of  a western diseases were closely related to low fiber diet. The ideal intake of dietary fiber should be considered to produce weight of faeces equivalent to 140 – 150 g/day and a transit time less than 3 days, however others were stated that a variety of body response may also be considered in order to enhance a dietary fiber intake, since each component of dietary fiber gives a difference physiological effect in the body. Daily requirement intake of fiber is 25 – 30 g/man/day. Widyakarya (2004) stated that RDA of dietary fiber for adult and adolescence is 19 – 30 g/cap/day, and for children 10 – 14 g/1000 kcal. A diet contained high fiber has a positive effect to health. However, a further study is still needed with regards to antagonistic role if it is over consumed. Fiber has a unique roles as a component of prebiotic, which is useful for growth of intestinal microflora, and probiotic microflora.</span></p>

scholarly journals A high dietary fiber randomized clinical trial reduces gestational weight gain, fat accrual, and postpartum weight retention

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Holly R. Hull ◽  
Amy Herman ◽  
Heather Gibbs ◽  
Byron Gajewski ◽  
Kelli Krase ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Dietary Fiber ◽  
Gestational Weight Gain ◽  
Weight Retention ◽  
High Fiber ◽  
Gestational Weight ◽  
Fiber Diet ◽  
High Fiber Diet ◽  
One Year

Abstract Background: Interventions to prevent excessive gestational weight gain (GWG) have had limited success This pilot study examined the effectiveness of a single goal (SG) high dietary fiber intervention to prevent excessive GWG. Methods: Twelve weekly lessons focused on consuming a high fiber diet (≥30 g/day). Snacks containing 10-12 g of dietary fiber were given for the first six weeks only. Body composition was measured at baseline and at the end of the intervention. At one-year postpartum, body weight retention and dietary practices were assessed. A p-value is reported for the primary analysis only. For all other comparisons, Cohen’s d is reported to indicate effect size. Results: The SG group increased fiber intake during the study (32 g/day at 6 weeks, 27 g/day at 12 weeks), whereas the UC group did not (~17 g/day). No differences were found for the proportion of women classified as excessive gainers (p=0.13). During the intervention, the SG group gained less body weight (-4.1 kg) and less fat mass (-2.8 kg) (d=1.3). At one year postpartum, the SG group retained less weight (0.35 vs. 4.4 kg, respectively; d=1.8), and reported trying to currently eat high fiber foods.Conclusion: The SG intervention resulted in less weight gain, fat accrual, and weight retention at one year postpartum. A residual intervention effect was detected postpartum with the participants reporting continued efforts to consume a high fiber diet. Trial registration: ClinicalTrials.gov NCT03984630; Trial registered June 13, 2019 (retrospectively registered)

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