scholarly journals A Political Economy Analysis of Public Spending Distribution for Disaster Risk Reduction in Bangladesh

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (5) ◽  
pp. 358
Author(s):  
Shafiqul Islam ◽  
Cordia Chu ◽  
James C. R. Smart
Keyword(s):  
Political Economy ◽  
Risk Reduction ◽  
Disaster Risk Reduction ◽  
Public Spending ◽  
Disaster Risk ◽  
Unequal Distribution ◽  
The Public ◽  
Related Distribution ◽  
Distribution Process ◽  
Potential Risks

Bangladesh is one of the resource-scarce countries most vulnerable to climate-related disasters, particularly flood and cyclone. Based on the semi-structured in-depth interviews of 38 stakeholders and literature review, this study examined the public spending distribution process in DRR. This paper demonstrates how the processes of political economy- enclosure, exclusion, encroachment, and entrenchment occurs in the Disaster Risk Reduction (DRR) efforts of Department of Disaster Management (DDM), particularly the distribution of flood shelters. Enclosure occurs when DRR projects are allocated to less vulnerable areas or broaden the influence of dominant actors into the public spending. Exclusion happens when DRR efforts reduce vulnerable people‟s access to public funds or marginalize disadvantaged stakeholder in decision-making process. Encroachment occurs when the distribution of DRR projects and selection of location and issues increase the environmental hazards or lead to other forms of disaster risk. Entrenchment happens when DRR projects aggravate the injustice or increase the grabbing of resources by the elites and increase inequality a community. This research explored that exclusionary forms of fund distribution of DRR happen locally and nationally. DRR related distribution have encroached through DRR project distribution without discussing local needs. Most severely, DRR related unequal distribution have entrenched social class making the backward communities vulnerable to climate-related disasters. Influencing practitioners of DRR need to take necessary actions to eliminate the potential risks from the processes of enclosure, exclusion, encroachment, and entrenchment happens in DRR related project fund allocations.Keywords: Bangladesh, Disaster Risk Reduction, Fund Distribution, Political Economy

scholarly journals Do Political Economy Factors Influence Funding Allocations for Disaster Risk Reduction?

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 85
Author(s):  
Shafiqul Islam ◽  
Khondker Mohammad Zobair ◽  
Cordia Chu ◽  
James C. R. Smart ◽  
Md Samsul Alam
Keyword(s):  
Political Economy ◽  
Risk Reduction ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Disaster Risk Reduction ◽  
Disaster Risk ◽  
Policy Implications ◽  
Equation Modeling ◽  
Government Officials ◽  
Fund Allocation ◽  
Potential Risks

Considering the importance of political economy in implementing Disaster Risk Reduction (DRR), this research investigates the significance of political economy in the distribution of DRR funding in Bangladesh. The study analysed data from self-reported surveys from 133 members of the sub-district level disaster management committee and government officials working with DRR. Employing the Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM) method, we find that political economy factors explain 68% of the variance in funding allocations. We also show that four categories of political economy factors—power and authority, interest and incentives, institutions, and values and ideas—are significantly influential over the distribution of DRR funding across subdistricts of Bangladesh. Our findings offer important policy implications to reduce the potential risks surrounding political economy influences in fund allocation and advance climate finance literature.

scholarly journals Distributing flood shelters for disaster risk reduction

2019 ◽  
Vol 29 (3) ◽  
pp. 322-339 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shafiqul Islam ◽  
Cordia Chu ◽  
Leong Liew ◽  
James C.R. Smart
Keyword(s):  
Risk Reduction ◽  
Disaster Risk Reduction ◽  
Public Spending ◽  
Disaster Risk ◽  
Decision Makers ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Scarce Resources ◽  
Distribution Of Resources ◽  
Potential Risks

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to inspect disaster risk reduction (DRR) challenges from a political economy (PE) perspective and to explore how PE determinants facilitate or hinder effective DRR in Bangladesh. Design/methodology/approach A qualitative case study, using semi-structured in-depth interviews, official documents and literature review has been conducted to explore the current process and practices of DRR in Bangladesh. The specific focus is on the distribution of public spending on flood shelters implemented by the Department of Disaster Management. Findings The study revealed a number of findings, including that the interest and incentives of influencing decision makers matter; formal and informal institutions have influence; and the values and ideas of dominating stakeholders’ impact on decisions regarding public spending of DRR in Bangladesh. These PE factors often hinder efficiency by leading to overlapping efforts and inefficient use of scarce resources. DRR planners and practitioners need to take steps to mitigate potential risks from PE processes in the allocations of DRR funding by implementing improved distribution arrangements. Originality/value Despite many successes in dealing with disasters, Bangladesh faces several challenges, including better governance of funds. DRR challenges can be considered as a problem of PE, which concerns the distribution of resources, and includes how powerful decision makers affect economic choices. Prior research examining the challenges in DRR-related funding distribution from a PE perspective is limited. Therefore, this study attempts to fill this gap in the literature by focusing on the situation in Bangladesh from this perspective. The authors elaborate how PE determinants can function as both barrier and opportunities on the ground in DRR-related fund distribution and in the selection of project locations and beneficiaries.

Review of Recent Water-Related Disasters and Scientific Activities in Southeast Asia: Lessons Learned and Future Challenges for Disaster Risk Reduction

2016 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 394-401 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shuichi Kure ◽  
◽  
Taichi Tebakari ◽  
Mamoru Miyamoto ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Southeast Asia ◽  
Risk Reduction ◽  
Disaster Risk Reduction ◽  
Academic Research ◽  
Disaster Risk ◽  
Lessons Learned ◽  
Public Forum ◽  
The Public ◽  
Sendai Framework ◽  
Miyagi Prefecture

This article reports on the public forum conducted by the authors at the Third United Nations World Conference on Disaster Risk Reduction, held in Sendai City, Miyagi Prefecture, Japan, from March 14 to 18, 2015. The conference included case studies of recent water-related disasters in the Southeast Asia region, reviews of academic research, and a description of the current situation about measures for risk reduction. This article also clarifies the relationship between the various recommendations proposed in the public forum and the Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction 2015–2030 (the Sendai framework), in order to identify the efforts that are necessary for the implementation of the Sendai framework.

scholarly journals Disaster Risk Reduction (Mitigation) Eruption of Kelud Mountain by the Society In The Area Of Disaster-Prone Areas (KRB) III Blitar Regency

2016 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 272-277
Author(s):  
Sri Winarni ◽  
Agus Khoirul Anam ◽  
Rizal An Akhiruna
Keyword(s):  
Data Collection ◽  
Natural Disasters ◽  
Risk Reduction ◽  
Disaster Risk Reduction ◽  
Volcanic Eruptions ◽  
Data Retrieval ◽  
Disaster Risk ◽  
Time Data ◽  
The Public ◽  
Descriptive Research

Indonesia is a country that has great case of natural disasters. One of disasters that recentlyoccurred are the volcanic eruptions. Based on the interview with volunteer of kelud anchor in December2015, there were communities that were less understand about disaster risk reduction efforts of thevolcano. The purpose of the research was the efforts of disaster risk reduction (Mitigation) eruption ofKelud Mountain by the society in the area of Disaster-prone Areas (KRB) III Blitar Regency. Thisresearch used descriptive research design. The population of the research was all members of thecommunity who live in area III KRB Kelud in Modangan. The sample was 60 people taken by quotasampling. The data collection was done by providing a closed-ended questionnaire multiple choicequestions. Time data retrieval performed on 15-20 March 2016. The results showed that the public hadthe ability to either IE of 50% (30 people), enogh ability as 15% (10 people) and had less abilities i.e.as 35% (20 people). It was affected by the dissemination of prevention and disaster risk reduction.Recomendation for stakeholder of Modangan and Karangrejo village was to do socialitation in everyor when there was sign of Kelud mountain activity.

scholarly journals Analisis SWOT Palang Merah Indonesia (PMI) dalam Melakukan Pengurangan Risiko Bencana di Kota Padang

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 14
Author(s):  
Andre Lofika Pegi
Keyword(s):  
Risk Reduction ◽  
Disaster Risk Reduction ◽  
Government Regulation ◽  
Swot Analysis ◽  
Disaster Risk ◽  
Red Cross ◽  
The Public ◽  
Internal Conflicts ◽  
The Government ◽  
Operational Activities

The purpose of this study was to find out and analyze the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats encountered by the Indonesian Red Cross (PMI) in carrying out disaster risk reduction in the Padang City. The method used in the study is descriptive qualitative method with data collection techniques through interviews and documentation studies. Data were analyzed using SWOT analysis. This research shows that the strengths are, PMI has reliable personnel and specialists in their fields, PMI has a stable procedure and system, PMI has its own law, namely Law No. 1 of 2018 and Government Regulation No. 7 of 2019. The disadvantage is that PMI is a voluntary organization so that in carrying out its duties PMI cannot be too forced and not too binding, PMI does not have a budget for risk reduction so it is difficult to carry out operational activities, infrastructure and equipment in PMI are incomplete, PMI personnel quantity still less especially the stanbey at headquarters. The opportunity that PMI has in carrying out disaster risk reduction, namely PMI, has gained trust from the government, the PMI name is quite good in the government and society. The threat is that community participation is still lacking when conducting socialization activities on disaster risk reduction, PMI is used as political land by certain elements of the external PMI, causing internal conflicts and influencing PMI's performance. The efforts made by PMI in conducting disaster risk reduction in the Padang City by conducting a new volunteer open recruitment if the volunteers have begun to be less active, provide training in advance to the team that will take to the field to provide socialization so that it is more prepared and the information delivered is more dense and quality, maintaining communication with the same stakeholders engaged in disaster management, conducting regular and periodic meetings to maintain communication and facilitating coordination among fellow stakeholders, calling on the public to always participate in socialization activities or simulations held by PMI and other stakeholders. Keywords: SWOT analysis, PMI, Disaster Risk Management

Archiving and Memorializing Disasters. Report of a UN International Workshop

2016 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 437-442
Author(s):  
Sébastien Penmellen Boret ◽  
◽  
Akihiro Shibayama
Keyword(s):  
Risk Reduction ◽  
Disaster Risk Reduction ◽  
Third World ◽  
International Workshop ◽  
Panel Discussion ◽  
Interdisciplinary Approach ◽  
Disaster Risk ◽  
The Public ◽  
The Third ◽  
The Third World

This paper reports on the <span class=”bold”>Archiving and Memorializing Disasters International Workshop</span>, a side event organized for the Third World Conference on Disaster Risk Reduction, held on March 14-18, 2015 in Sendai, Japan. The public workshop consisted of presentations by experts of disaster archives and a panel discussion. The wide-ranging backgrounds of these experts – anthropology, history and engineering – provided for a pioneering and interdisciplinary approach to the fields of disaster archives and memorialization. The aim of this workshop was to reflect on the potential roles of disaster archives and memorialization, with particular reference to the third priority for action – <span class=”bold”>Investing in disaster risk reduction for resilience</span> – of the new UN-endorsed Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction (2015-30). Presentations covered several projects in digital archiving of disasters and research on memorialization processes of disasters. It was concluded that archiving and memorialization can, and should, play a complementary and significant role in disaster risk reduction.

scholarly journals Communicating disaster risk? An evaluation of the availability and quality of flood maps

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 313-323 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel Henstra ◽  
Andrea Minano ◽  
Jason Thistlethwaite
Keyword(s):  
Risk Reduction ◽  
Flood Risk ◽  
Disaster Risk Reduction ◽  
Protective Action ◽  
Disaster Risk ◽  
Modern Technology ◽  
Evaluation Framework ◽  
The Public ◽  
Flood Maps

Abstract. One of the key priorities for disaster risk reduction is to ensure decision makers, stakeholders, and the public understand their exposure to disaster risk, so that they can take protective action. Flood maps are a potentially valuable tool for facilitating this understanding of flood risk, but previous research has found that they vary considerably in availability and quality. Using an evaluation framework comprising nine criteria grounded in existing scholarship, this study assessed the quality of flood maps available to the public in Canadian communities located in designated flood risk areas. It found that flood maps in most municipalities (62 %) are low quality (meeting less than 50 % of the criteria) and the highest score was 78 % (seven of nine criteria met). The findings suggest that a more concerted effort to produce high-quality, publicly accessible flood maps is required to support Canada's international commitment to disaster risk reduction. Further questions surround possible weighting of quality assessment criteria, whether and how individuals seek out flood maps, and how flood risk information could be better communicated using modern technology.

Analysis of the Man-Made Causes of Shiraz Flash Flood: Iran, 2019

2020 ◽  
Vol 35 (5) ◽  
pp. 588-591
Author(s):  
Mohammad Heidari ◽  
Nasrin Sayfouri ◽  
Seyedeh Samaneh Miresmaeeli ◽  
Ali Nasiri
Keyword(s):  
Risk Reduction ◽  
Paradigm Shift ◽  
Disaster Risk Reduction ◽  
Natural Hazard ◽  
Flash Flood ◽  
Disaster Risk ◽  
The Public ◽  
Cultural Paradigm ◽  
Short Time ◽  
Warning Services

AbstractFlood is the most common natural hazard in Iran, which annually affects the environment and human lives. On March 25, 2019 in Shiraz-Iran, following a heavy rainfall, the occurrence of a flash flood caused an extensive number of deaths, injuries, and vehicle demolitions in a short time. Evidence suggests that man-made causes of the incident, including unsustainable urban development and lack of early warning services, have played a more influential role compared with its natural causes. This study has attempted to substantiate that understanding disaster risks, as the first priority of Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction (SFDRR) 2015-2030, directly impacts the decisions and actions of policymakers, local authorities, and the public. To provide more safety, mitigation, and disaster risk reduction, attention should primarily be paid on making a cultural paradigm shift through providing sufficient training in developing appropriate disaster risk perception in the community at large.

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