scholarly journals Genetic variation, inheritance patterns and parent–offspring relationships after artificial inoculations with Heterobasidion parviporum and Ceratosystis polonica in Norway spruce seed orchards and progeny tests

Silva Fennica ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 49 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Tore Skrøppa ◽  
Halvor Solheim ◽  
Arne Steffenrem
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Variation ◽  
Norway Spruce ◽  
Seed Orchards ◽  
Inheritance Patterns ◽  
Progeny Tests ◽  
Artificial Inoculations

Genetic Parameters and Genotype-by-Environment Interactions in Regional Progeny Tests of Pinus taeda L. in the Southern USA

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edwin Lauer ◽  
Andrew Sims ◽  
Steven McKeand ◽  
Fikret Isik
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Variation ◽  
Pinus Taeda ◽  
Genetic Parameters ◽  
Genetic Correlations ◽  
Breeding Program ◽  
Model Fit ◽  
Genotype By Environment Interactions ◽  
Genotype By Environment ◽  
Progeny Tests ◽  
Pinus Taeda L

Abstract Genetic parameters were estimated using a five-series multienvironment trial of Pinus taeda L. in the southern USA. There were 324 half-sib families planted in five test series across 37 locations. A set of six variance/covariance matrices for the genotype-by-environment (G × E) effect for tree height and diameter were compared on the basis of model fit. In single-series analysis, extended factor analytical models provided generally superior model fit to simpler models for both traits; however, in the combined-series analysis, diameter was optimally modeled using simpler variance/covariance structures. A three-way compound term for modeling G × E interactions among and within series yielded substantial improvements in terms of model fit and standard errors of predictions. Heritability of family means ranged between 0.63 and 0.90 for both height and diameter. Average additive genetic correlations among sites were 0.70 and 0.61 for height and diameter, respectively, suggesting the presence of some G × E interaction. Pairs of sites with the lowest additive genetic correlations were located at opposite ends of the latitude range. Latent factor regression revealed a small number of parents with large factor scores that changed ranks significantly between southern and northern environments. Study Implications Multienvironmental progeny tests of loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) were established over 10 years in the southern United States to understand the genetic variation for the traits of economic importance. There was substantial genetic variation between open-pollinated families, suggesting that family selection would be efficient in the breeding program. Genotype-by-environment interactions were negligible among sites in the deployment region but became larger between sites at the extremes of the distribution. The data from these trials are invaluable in informing the breeding program about the genetic merit of selection candidates and their potential interaction with the environment. These results can be used to guide deployment decisions in the southern USA, helping landowners match germplasm with geography to achieve optimal financial returns and conservation outcomes.

Field performance and early test results of offspring from two Norway spruce seed orchards containing clones transferred to warmer climates

2007 ◽  
Vol 37 (3) ◽  
pp. 515-522 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tore Skrøppa ◽  
Ketil Kohmann ◽  
Øystein Johnsen ◽  
Arne Steffenrem ◽  
Øyvind M. Edvardsen
Keyword(s):  
Norway Spruce ◽  
Field Performance ◽  
Seed Orchard ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Seed Orchards ◽  
Low Altitude ◽  
Natural Stands ◽  
Seed Crops

We present results from early tests and field trials of offspring from two Norway spruce ( Picea abies (L.) Karst.) seed orchards containing clones that have been transferred from high altitudes to sea level and from northern to southern latitudes. Seedlings from seeds produced in the low-altitude seed orchard developed frost hardiness later at the end of the growth season, flushed later in field trials, and grew taller than seedlings from seeds produced in natural stands. They had the lowest mortality rate and the lowest frequency of injuries in the field trials. Similar results were observed in seedlings from seeds produced in the southern seed orchard. We found no adverse effects of the changed growth rhythm. Seedlings from two seed crops in the southern orchard, produced in years with a warm and a cold summer, had different annual growth rhythms. The results are explained mainly by the effects of the climatic conditions during the reproductive phase. Seed crops from different years in the same seed orchard may produce seedlings that perform as if they were from different provenances. It is argued that the effects of the climatic conditions during seed production must contribute to the variation among provenances of Norway spruce.

scholarly journals Genetic status of Norway spruce (Picea abies) breeding populations for northern Sweden

2013 ◽  
Vol 62 (1-6) ◽  
pp. 127-136 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Androsiuk ◽  
A. Shimono ◽  
J. Westin ◽  
D. Lindgren ◽  
A. Fries ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Variation ◽  
Norway Spruce ◽  
Population Differentiation ◽  
Distinct Group ◽  
Null Alleles ◽  
Multilocus Genotype ◽  
Northern Sweden ◽  
High Genetic Diversity ◽  
Breeding Populations ◽  
Ssr Loci

AbstractEfficient use of any breeding resources requires a good understanding of the genetic value of the founder breeding materials for predicting the gain and diversity in future generations. This study evaluates the distribution of genetic variation and level of relatedness among and within nine breeding populations of Norway spruce for Northern Sweden using nuclear microsatellite markers. A sample set of 456 individuals selected from 140 stands were genotyped with 15 SSR loci. Over all loci each individual was identified with unique multilocus genotype. High genetic diversity (average He=0.820) and low population differentiation (FST=0.0087) characterized this material. Although low in FST, the two northernmost populations were clustered as a distinct group diverged from the central populations. The population differentiation pattern corresponds well with the post glacial migration history of Norway spruce and the current gene flow and human activity in the region. The average inbreeding coefficient was 0.084 after removal loci with high frequency of null alleles. The estimated relatedness of the trees gathered in the breeding populations was very low (average kinship coefficient 0.0077) and not structured. The high genetic variation and low and not structured relatedness between individuals found in the breeding populations confirm that the Norway spruce breeding stock for northern Sweden represent valuable genetic resources for both long-term breeding and conservation programs.

scholarly journals Comparing the Effectiveness of Exome Capture Probes, Genotyping by Sequencing and Whole-Genome Re-Sequencing for Assessing Genetic Diversity in Natural and Managed Stands of Picea abies

Forests ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (11) ◽  
pp. 1185
Author(s):  
Helena Eklöf ◽  
Carolina Bernhardsson ◽  
Pär K. Ingvarsson
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Genetic Variation ◽  
Picea Abies ◽  
Norway Spruce ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Genotyping By Sequencing ◽  
Complexity Reduction ◽  
Exome Capture ◽  
Genome Wide ◽  
Targeted Capture

Conifer genomes are characterized by their large size and high abundance of repetitive material, making large-scale genotyping in conifers complicated and expensive. One of the consequences of this is that it has been difficult to generate data on genome-wide levels of genetic variation. To date, researchers have mainly employed various complexity reduction techniques to assess genetic variation across the genome in different conifer species. These methods tend to capture variation in a relatively small subset of a typical conifer genome and it is currently not clear how representative such results are. Here we take advantage of data generated in the first large-scale re-sequencing effort in Norway spruce and assess how well two commonly used complexity reduction methods, targeted capture probes and genotyping by sequencing perform in capturing genome-wide variation in Norway spruce. Our results suggest that both methods perform reasonably well for assessing genetic diversity and population structure in Norway spruce (Picea abies (L.) H. Karst.). Targeted capture probes were slightly more effective than GBS, likely due to them targeting known genomic regions whereas the GBS data contains a substantially greater fraction of repetitive regions, which sometimes can be problematic for assessing genetic diversity. In conclusion, both methods are useful for genotyping large numbers of samples and they greatly reduce the cost involved with genotyping a species with such a complex genome as Norway spruce.

scholarly journals Comparison of Genetic Diversity in Naturally Regenerated Norway Spruce Stands and Seed Orchard Progeny Trials

Forests ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
pp. 926 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dainis Ruņģis ◽  
Solveiga Luguza ◽  
Endijs Bāders ◽  
Vilnis Šķipars ◽  
Āris Jansons
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Norway Spruce ◽  
Gene Diversity ◽  
Seed Orchard ◽  
Seed Orchards ◽  
Spruce Stands ◽  
Ssr Loci ◽  
Naturally Regenerated Stands ◽  
Average Gene ◽  
Environmental Events

Forest ecosystems in Europe are expected to experience changes in temperature and water regimes associated with increased risks of extreme environmental events and disasters. Genetic diversity and relatedness has been linked to resilience of forest stands and landscapes. Genetic diversity indicators were compared between a Norway spruce population naturally regenerated after extensive windthrow and Norway spruce progeny populations derived from two seed orchards. In addition, genetic diversity in an undisturbed stand in a long established national park and a spruce genetic resource stand were analyzed. Populations were genotyped at 11 simple sequence repeat (SSR) loci. Average genetic diversity indicators were similar across populations. However, the total number of alleles, average number of alleles over all loci, effective number of alleles, average gene diversity, and average allelic richness were highest in the naturally regenerated population and lowest in one of the seed orchard progeny populations. The genetic diversity in progeny from seed orchards used for stand renewal is comparable to the genetic diversity in naturally regenerated stands. However, fluctuations in seed production between years can have a large impact on genetic diversity in seed orchard progeny. The use of improved Norway spruce germplasm deployed via clonal seed orchards for forest renewal can maintain similar levels of genetic diversity compared to naturally regenerated stands, while also increasing production and timber quality.

scholarly journals Variation in growth of Norway spruce in the IUFRO 1972 provenance experimental series

2018 ◽  
Vol 67 (1) ◽  
pp. 26-33 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel J. Chmura ◽  
Jan Matras ◽  
Władysław Barzdajn ◽  
Włodzimierz Buraczyk ◽  
Wojciech Kowalkowski ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Variation ◽  
Norway Spruce ◽  
Basal Area ◽  
Stand Density ◽  
Common Garden ◽  
Experimental Series ◽  
Seed Sources ◽  
Planting Material ◽  
Quadratic Mean Diameter ◽  
Adaptation Ability

Abstract Provenance experiments traditionally provide information on genetic variation within tree species in adaptation ability and other traits important for commercial forestry. In this study we investigated variation in growth among 20 populations of Nor­way spruce (Picea abies (L.) H. Karst) at four common-garden sites of the IUFRO 1972 provenance experimental series at the age close to half of rotation. Because stand density varied among sites, we analyzed stand density-adjusted basal area (BA) and quadratic mean diameter (Dq). The examined prove­nances varied significantly in both analyzed traits. We identi­fied provenances that performed consistently better or worse than average across all four sites. Among the well-growing and possibly adaptive seed sources were those from the uplands of the eastern and central Poland, Sudety Mts, and from the regi­on of Istebna in Beskid Mts. Performance of the other populati­ons from Beskid Mountains was average to poor, and all high-altitude populations were poor-growing. The results of this study help to verify the knowledge of genetic variation pattern among Norway spruce populations in Poland, and to guide management decisions regarding spruce planting material.

scholarly journals Comparative analysis of genetic diversity in Norway spruce (Picea abies) clonal seed orchards and seed stands

2021 ◽  
Vol 49 (4) ◽  
pp. 12575
Author(s):  
Elena CIOCÎRLAN ◽  
Neculae ȘOFLETEA ◽  
Georgeta MIHAI ◽  
Maria TEODOSIU ◽  
Alexandru L. CURTU
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Picea Abies ◽  
Norway Spruce ◽  
Allelic Richness ◽  
Conifer Species ◽  
Seed Orchards ◽  
Eastern Carpathians ◽  
Nuclear Microsatellite ◽  
Planted Tree

Norway spruce, Picea abies (L.) Karst. is the most important conifer species in Romania and the most planted tree species in the Carpathian Mountains. Here we compare the genetic diversity of four Norway spruce clonal seed orchards and two seed stands located in the Eastern Carpathians. A set of highly polymorphic nuclear microsatellite markers was used. The analysis of genotypic identity of ramets for each Norway spruce clone in all seed orchards indicated that nearly all sampled ramets (97%) were genetically identical. The genetic diversity in seed orchards (He=0.700) was slightly smaller compared to the seed stands (He=0.718). Allelic richness was higher in seed stands (10.874), compared to clonal seed orchards (8.941). The Bayesian analysis indicated a genetic structure with two clusters, one corresponding to the clonal seed orchards and a second one consisting of the two seed stands. Our results provide valuable information for the management of Norway spruce seed orchards in Romania.

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