scholarly journals Effect of different commercial enzymes on the clotting of milk and certain properties of curd

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 73-81
Author(s):  
József Csanádi ◽  
Ottilia Bara-Herczegh ◽  
Attila Szabolcsi ◽  
József Mihalkó ◽  
Ádám Lőrincz
Keyword(s):  
Adhesive Force ◽  
Published Data ◽  
Clotting Time ◽  
Enzyme Preparations ◽  
Cheese Making ◽  
Practical Applications ◽  
Rate Difference ◽  
Separation Rate ◽  
Texture Properties ◽  
Commercial Enzymes

More researches published data about the milk curd properties, evaluated the importance in the cheese making, but an analysis of importance of these properties in practical applications is usually lacking. We investigate the milk curd behaviour using different enzyme preparations at the cutting of curd. We focused on the well measurable properties as clotting time, viscosity of curd, texture properties an whey separation rate of cur at cutting time. Approximately five minutes difference was determined between the clotting times. Investigated the curd properties we found significant differences between the hardness on samples clotted with CHY MAX® M 1000 and NATUREN® Premium 145 enzymes. Other properties did not show significant differences, but in some case differences were remarkable. Discovered differences e.g. approx. 5% whey separation rate difference and the different trends of adhesive force and adhesiveness confirm that such studies should be carried out. Summarized effect of different enzymes can alter the cheese making technology in the practice, significantly. Considering every aspect, in our investigation the CHY MAX® M 1000 enzyme seemed the best.

Weight, size and shape relationships and their uses in the study of graded yield data

1983 ◽  
Vol 100 (1) ◽  
pp. 211-220 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. E. L. Morris ◽  
I. E. Currah
Keyword(s):  
Probability Density Function ◽  
Probability Density ◽  
Density Function ◽  
Published Data ◽  
Simple Experiment ◽  
Yield Data ◽  
Practical Applications ◽  
Size And Shape ◽  
Horticultural Crops ◽  
Using Data

SUMMARYFor many horticultural crops the distribution of weight over size grades is of more importance than the total weight. This paper shows how simply determined features of interrelationships of the weight, size and shape of an individual in the crop can be combined to provide estimates of various aspects of the distribution of crop weight over size grades. The two relationships required are (i) the probability density function of the grading variable for the crop; (ii) a function relating the weight of an individual to the corresponding value of the grading variable.The paper shows how each of these can be determined either from published data or by simple experiment. Examples using data on onions and carrots are given to illustrate this and also to show some of the more important practical applications of the methods. For example, they allow the results of grading with one set of size grades to be extrapolated to a different set of grades without recourse to further measurement or experimentation and this is illustrated using published data on carrots. Other possible uses are also discussed and outlined.

scholarly journals Efficient Lattice CP-ABE AC Scheme Supporting Reduced-OBDD Structure for CCN/NDN

Symmetry ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 166
Author(s):  
Eric Affum ◽  
Xiasong Zhang ◽  
Xiaofen Wang ◽  
John Bosco Ansuura
Keyword(s):  
Special Property ◽  
Published Data ◽  
Access Structure ◽  
Practical Applications ◽  
Attribute Based Encryption ◽  
Generation Network ◽  
Efficient Scheme ◽  
Content Centric Network ◽  
Communication Needs ◽  
Ciphertext Policy

In line with the proposed 5th Generation network, content centric network/named data networking (CCN/NDN) has been offered as one of the promising paradigms to cope with the communication needs of future realistic network communications. CCN/NDN allows network communication based on content names and also allows users to obtain information from any of the nearest intermediary caches on the network. Due to that, the ability of cached content to protect itself is essential since contents can be cached on any node everywhere, and publishers may not have total control over their own published data. The attribute based encryption (ABE) scheme is a preferable approach, identified to enable cached contents to be self-secured since it has a special property of encryption with policies. However, most of the proposed ABE schemes for CCN/NDN suffer from some loopholes. They are not flexible in the expression of access policy, they are inefficient, they are based on bilinear maps with pairings, and they are vulnerable to quantum cryptography algorithms. Hence, we propose the ciphertext policy attribute based encryption access control (CP-ABE AC) scheme from a lightweight ideal lattice based on ring learning with error (R-LWE) problem, and demonstrated its use in practical applications. The proposed scheme is proved to be secure and efficient under the decision ring LWE problem in the selective set model. To achieve an efficient scheme, we used an efficient trapdoor technique and the access tree representation of access structure describing the access policies was modified into a new structure, based on a reduced ordered binary decision diagram (reduce-OBDD). This access structure can support Boolean operations such as AND, NOT, OR, and threshold gates. The final result showed that the proposed scheme was secure and efficient for applications, thereby supporting CCN/NDN as a promising paradigm.

Effect of different thistle flower ecotypes as milk-clotting in Serra da Estrela cheese

2016 ◽  
Vol 46 (4) ◽  
pp. 458-475 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paula Correia ◽  
André Vítor ◽  
Marlene Tenreiro ◽  
Ana Cristina Correia ◽  
João Madanelo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Design Methodology ◽  
Starter Culture ◽  
Clotting Time ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Milk Clotting ◽  
Texture Properties ◽  
Protected Designation Of Origin ◽  
Serra Da Estrela ◽  
Sensorial Evaluation ◽  
Serra Da Estrela Cheese

Purpose Thistle flower (Cynara cardunculus) aqueous extracts, as rich source of milk-clotting peptidases, have been widely used for cheeses marketed under the Registry of the Protected Designation of Origin, as it is the case of Serra da Estrela cheese, manufactured from raw ewes’ milk and without addition of any commercial starter culture. This paper aims at studying the influence of six different ecotypes of thistle flowers in cheese properties during the ripening and of final products. Design/methodology/approach Cheeses were produced with different thistle flower extracts and then the clotting time, weight and colour of cheeses, as well as texture properties and sensorial characteristics, were evaluated. Findings The clotting time varied from 47 to 66 min, and the weight loss along ripening varied between 32 and 40 per cent. There was some influence of thistle flower ecotype on the colour during ripening and in the final product. The results of texture analysis revealed significant differences between the thistle ecotypes: crust firmness varying from 2.4 to 5.6 N; inner firmness from 0.82 to 1.82 N; stickiness from −0.5 to −1.60 N; adhesiveness from −3.0 to −11.3 N.s; and Ecotype C was particularly distinguishable. Sensorial evaluation revealed differences among the cheeses, with Ecotype C receiving the highest score for global appreciation. Originality/value The usage of different extracts of thistle flower to produce Serra da Estrela cheese with different properties is a novelty, and it allows the possibility of manipulating this parameter in the future so as to produce cheeses with specific characteristics, addressed to different consumer targets.

Heparin Administration And Precision Protamine Reversal In Coronary Bypass Surgery

1981 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charles Markham
Keyword(s):  
Blood Loss ◽  
Coronary Bypass ◽  
Testing Procedure ◽  
Published Data ◽  
Clotting Time ◽  
Test Protocol ◽  
Precise Control ◽  
Activated Clotting Time ◽  
Heparin Administration ◽  
Recalcification Time

A two-tiered testing procedure was developed which uses the activated clotting time (ACT) dose-response curve for the initialization and maintenance of heparinization while using the whole blood activated recalcification time (wBART) for a more precise control of protamine neutralization. The wBART, the most sensitive test for heparin induced hypocoagulability, parallels the ACT and is prolonged by protamine excess, allowing a rapid and accurate titration procedure. This twotiered test protocol results in decreased protamine usage and less blood loss compared to published data in a comparable patient population.The protocol was applied to a study with 55 by-pass patients to compare two commercial beef lung heparins with respect to anticoagulant effectiveness, intraoperative ACT levels, total heparin usage, post-operative blood loss and protamine requirements. Platelet counts were also monitored before and following surgery. No statistically significant differences were observed between the two heparin products in any of these parameters. Details of the two-tiered protocol and the beef lung heparin study will be presented.

scholarly journals A simple model to estimate yield stress and variation of hardness in railheads

2017 ◽  
Vol 232 (4) ◽  
pp. 1193-1196 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kyriakos I Kourousis ◽  
Asitha Athukoralalage ◽  
Dennis De Pellegrin
Keyword(s):  
Simple Model ◽  
Yield Stress ◽  
Preliminary Investigation ◽  
Technical Note ◽  
Macroscopic Model ◽  
Published Data ◽  
Practical Applications ◽  
Model Subject ◽  
Measured Hardness

This technical note presents a macroscopic model capable of estimating the variation of hardness and yield stress at different railhead distances (depths) from the running surface. Published data, including results reported in previous works by the authors, have been utilised to calibrate and test the validity of the model. From this preliminary investigation, it was found that the model can accurately predict the measured hardness and yield stress values. It was also found that the model can represent the variation profile exhibited in the examined railhead material. This model, subject to further validation, has the potential to be used in practical applications.

scholarly journals A Novel Method for Calculating Mean Erythrocyte Age Using Erythrocyte Creatine

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Masashi Kameyama ◽  
Masafumi Koga ◽  
Toshika Okumiya
Keyword(s):  
Hemolytic Anemia ◽  
Half Life ◽  
Published Data ◽  
Exponential Relationship ◽  
Practical Applications ◽  
Novel Method ◽  
Erythrocyte Age

AbstractBackgroundsErythrocyte creatine (EC) decreases reflecting erythrocyte age.MethodsWe developed an EC model, which showed a bi- or mono-exponential relationship between mean erythrocyte age (MRBC) andEC. We reanalyzed the previously published data of 21 patients with hemolytic anemia which includedECand51Cr half-life.ResultsMRBCand logeECshowed excellent significant linearity (r= −0.9475,p <0.001), showing that it can be treated as a mono-exponential relationship within the studied range (EC: 1.45 – 11.76µmol/g Hb). We established an equation to obtainMRBC(days) fromEC(µmol/g Hb),MRBC= −22.84 logeEC+ 65.83.ConclusionThis equation allows calculation ofMRBCbased on EC which has practical applications such as the diagnosis of anemia.

Enzyme supplementation of broiler chicken diets based on cereals with endosperm cell walls rich in arabinoxylans or mixed-linked β-glucans

1990 ◽  
Vol 51 (1) ◽  
pp. 201-207 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Pettersson ◽  
H. Graham ◽  
P. Åman
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Cell Walls ◽  
Broiler Chickens ◽  
Broiler Chicken ◽  
Enzyme Preparation ◽  
Published Data ◽  
Glucanase Activity ◽  
Enzyme Preparations ◽  
Notable Increase ◽  
Cumulative Food Intake

ABSTRACTThe efficacy of an enzyme preparation added to barley and rye-based diets given to broiler chickens and containing both β-glucanase and arabinoxylanase activities, was investigated and compared with a well characterized commercial enzyme preparation containing predominantly P-glucanase activity.Both enzyme preparations significantly improved body weight, cumulative food intake and food conversion efficiency for chickens given both barley- and rye-based diets. For the barley-fed chickens, on average a notable increase in body weight of 171 g at day 13 and 477 g at day 24 was noted, for both enzyme preparations. However, the preparation containing high amounts of both β-glucanase and arabinoxylanase activities was more effective in reducing the incidence of sticky droppings for rye-fed chickens, and, in comparison with previously published data, gave an optimal response at a lower supplementation rate. The results indicate that it is possible to reduce the protein content in enzyme-supplemented broiler chicken diets.

Thrombin generation and rotational thromboelastometry in the healthy adult population

2015 ◽  
Vol 35 (02) ◽  
pp. 181-186 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Schneider ◽  
T. Siegemund ◽  
R. Siegemund ◽  
S. Petros
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Factor ◽  
Linear Correlation ◽  
Thrombin Generation ◽  
Alpha Angle ◽  
Lag Time ◽  
Published Data ◽  
Peak Time ◽  
Clotting Time ◽  
Rotational Thromboelastometry ◽  
Maximum Clot Firmness

SummaryPublished data on thrombin generation variables and their correlation with thrombo - elastometry in the healthy population are scarce. This study aimed at assessing thrombin generation in adults and its correlation to classical rotational thromboelastometry (ROTEM).Thrombin generation was measured in platelet-poor plasma from healthy volunteers using the calibrated automated thrombogram (CAT) with 1 and 5 pmol/l tissue factor final concentration. Lag time, thrombin peak, time to thrombin peak and endogenous thrombin potential (ETP) were analyzed. ROTEM was performed without activator (NATEM) and data for clotting time, alpha angle, clot formation time and maximum clot firmness were correlated with those of thrombin generation.Altogether 132 persons (72 men, 60 women; median age: 48.0 years) were included. There was a positive non-linear correlation for age versus lag time (p < 0.001) and time to peak (p = 0.001), and almost linear correlation for age versus thrombin peak (p = 0.024) and ETP (p = 0.001), although with a moderate regression slope. Regarding ROTEM, there was a positive correlation between age and maximum clot firmness and alpha angle (p = 0.001), but a negative correlation between age and clotting time (p = 0.039). Comparing both assays, thrombin peak and ETP measured with a final tissue factor concentration of 5 pmol/l correlated significantly with alpha angle and maximum clot firmness.The age-related changes in CAT and ROTEM variables among adults are not linear. There is a significant correlation, although with a moderate slope, between data from CAT measured with 5 pmol/l tissue factor and ROTEM.

Effect of somatic cell counts on ewes' milk protein profile and cheese-making properties in different sheep breeds reared in Spain

2009 ◽  
Vol 76 (2) ◽  
pp. 210-215 ◽  
Author(s):  
Isabel Revilla ◽  
José M Rodríguez-Nogales ◽  
Ana M Vivar-Quintana
Keyword(s):  
Somatic Cell ◽  
Milk Protein ◽  
Protein Profile ◽  
Textural Properties ◽  
Cheese Making ◽  
Texture Properties ◽  
Cell Counts ◽  
Textural Parameters ◽  
Bulk Tank ◽  
Β Lactoglobulin

Bulk tank ewe's milks from Assaf, Castellana and Churra breeds categorized within three different Somatic Cell Count (SCC) groups (LSCC: <500 000; MSCC: 1 000 000 to 1 500 000; and HSCC: 2 500 000 to 3 000 000 cells ml−1) were used to investigate changes in capillary electrophoresis protein profiles and cheese-making properties. The results do not reveal a significant effect of SCC on total casein contents, because the sum of β-caseins decreased as SCC increased; no statistically significant differences were observed for the sum of α-caseins, and the values of κ-casein were higher in the HSCC milk. However, the soluble proteins other than α-lactalbumin and β-lactoglobulin increased with SCC. Regarding the effect of breed, the Assaf breed had the lowest contents of κ-CN, αs1-I-CN, αs1-II-CN 1-CN, αs1-III-CN, β1-CN and β2-CN. The protein profile was significantly correlated with curd textural properties. αs1-I-CN was the most influential variant because it was positively correlated with a large number of textural parameters. Cheese yield was positively correlated with all casein variants except αs1-III-CN, showing that the milk from local breeds were more suitable for cheese-making due to their higher contents of all the casein variants. Regarding curd texture properties LSCC milk curds showed more cohesiveness, associated with its lower content of αs1-III-CN and Castellana milk curds showed the highest values for firmness owing to their higher content of αs1-I-CN.

scholarly journals In-vitro Virucidal Activity of Commercial Enzyme Preparations against SARS-CoV-2 Virus

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anuradha V. Chitnis ◽  
Abhijit Rathi
Keyword(s):  
Adverse Effects ◽  
Human Health ◽  
Virucidal Activity ◽  
Enzyme Preparations ◽  
Commercial Enzymes ◽  
Virucidal Effect ◽  
Contact Surfaces ◽  
Long Term Adverse Effects

Prevention practices have been extensively used to contain the spread of the SARS-CoV-2 virus. These include social distancing, wearing masks, disinfection of hands, and sanitization of contact surfaces. However, the excessive usage of chemical disinfectants pose long term adverse effects to human health and the environment. Development of effective and environmentally friendly biocides, or virucidal agents, will help mitigate the ill effects of chemical disinfectants. Enzymes are potential candidates for the preparation of biocides against bacteria and viruses. Exploration of the virucidal activity of commercial enzymes, will highlight prospective, readily available sources for research on enzyme based biocides. In this study, the virucidal effect of some com-mercial enzyme preparations has been investigated against the SARS-CoV-2 virus. Vida Defense (2000 &micro;g/ml), Excellacor (1500 &micro;g/ml), and SEBkinase (3000 &micro;g/ml) reduced SARS-CoV-2 viral ti-ters by &ge;1 log CCID50 (&ge;90%). ImmunoSEB (6000&micro;g/ml) and Peptizyme SP (500&micro;g/ml) reduced the SARS-CoV-2 viral titers by 0.8 log CCID50 (84.2%). The study indicates that enzyme prepara-tions offer the potential to be explored further for an anti-viral biocide against SARS‐CoV‐2 for reducing the risk of COVID‐19 transmission. However, further studies are mandated to improve efficacy and establish safety.

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