scholarly journals Synthesis of Nano-Sized Protonic Acid Catalyst and Initial Kinetic Study of Esterification Reaction of Methanol with Acetic Acid

2014 ◽  
Vol 26 (16) ◽  
pp. 4988-4994
Author(s):  
Jianjun Zhu ◽  
Qiuqing Cui ◽  
Jiangping Peng ◽  
Li Li Zhang ◽  
Zhongqing Jiang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Kinetic Study ◽  
Acid Catalyst ◽  
Esterification Reaction ◽  
Protonic Acid

scholarly journals Sulfonated Mesoporous Silica-Carbon Composite Derived from a Silicate-Polyethylene Glycol Gel and Its Application as Solid Acid Catalysts

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 13-21
Author(s):  
Shofiyya Julaika ◽  
Agus Farid Fadli ◽  
Widiyastuti Widiyastuti ◽  
Heru Setyawan
Keyword(s):  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Polyethylene Glycol ◽  
Mesoporous Silica ◽  
Surface Area ◽  
Sodium Silicate ◽  
Solid Acid ◽  
Solid Acid Catalyst ◽  
Acid Catalyst ◽  
Carbon Composite ◽  
Esterification Reaction

Solid acid catalyst is a promising alternative to the counterpart homogeneous acid for esterification reaction from the viewpoint of reusability and environmental concerns. This work aims to develop sulfonated mesoporous silica-carbon composite as solid acid catalyst for the esterification. The catalyst was synthesized from sodium silicate as the silica precursor and polyethylene glycol (PEG) as both carbon precursor and template via a sol-gel route in an aqueous system. Then, it was carbonized to produce mesoporous silica-carbon composite. Using the proposed method, the surface area of the silica-carbon composite could reach as high as 1074.21 m2/g. Although the surface area decreased to 614.02 m²/g when it was functionalized with sulfonate groups, the composite had a high ionic capacity of 5.3 mEq/g and exhibited high catalytic activity for esterification reaction of acetic acid with ethanol. At a reaction temperature of 80 °C, the acetic acid conversion reached 76.55% in 4 h. In addition, the catalyst had good reusability, which can be comparable with the commercial catalyst Foltrol F-007. It appears that the sulfonated silica-carbon composite prepared from sodium silicate using PEG as the carbon source a promising candidate as catalyst for esterification and the related area. Copyright © 2021 by Authors, Published by BCREC Group. This is an open access article under the CC BY-SA License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0). 

The Control of Attached Acid Groups on Sulfonated Polystyrene Nanospheres through the Design of Material Structure

2012 ◽  
Vol 182-183 ◽  
pp. 222-231
Author(s):  
Xiao Ning Tian ◽  
Zhong Qing Jiang ◽  
Li Li Zhang ◽  
Li Juan Luo ◽  
X.S. Zhao
Keyword(s):  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Sulfonic Acid ◽  
Acid Catalyst ◽  
Catalytic Performance ◽  
Esterification Reaction ◽  
Material Structure ◽  
Sulfonated Polystyrene ◽  
Uniform Size ◽  
Polystyrene Nanospheres ◽  
Sulfonic Acid Groups

Linearlinking polystyrene nanospheres (LPSs) with uniform size dispersion were synthesized by the emulsifier-free emulsion polymerization method. And with the adding of divinylbenzene (DVB) crosslinking polystyrene nanospheres (CPSs) was also prepared. It was found out that the partical size of prepared nanospheres changed with the continuous increment of added DVB. The sulfonation of resultant polystyrene nanospheres yielded solids with sulfonic acid groups. The relationship between nanospheres material structure and attached acid groups was investigated in detail. It was observed that the amount of added DVB is the main factor which can affect the amount and thermal stability of attached sulfonic acid groups. The catalytic performance of resultant solid acid catalysts was evaluated through the esterification reaction of methanol with acetic acid. Moreover, the prepared sulfonated polystyrene nanospheres show higher acetic acid conversion than the commercial one, therefore the sulfonated nanospheres could be an excellent potential replacement for liquid acid catalyst.

scholarly journals Conversion of Crude Glycerol from by-Product Biodiesel into Bio-additive of Fuel through Acetylation Reaction based on Modified Zeolite Catalyst

ALCHEMY ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 46 ◽  
Author(s):  
Heny Dewajani ◽  
Windi Zamrudy ◽  
Hadi Saroso ◽  
Satria Paramarta ◽  
Wahyudianto Mulya
Keyword(s):  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Alternative Fuels ◽  
Crude Glycerol ◽  
Zeolite Catalyst ◽  
Acid Catalyst ◽  
Biodiesel Production ◽  
Esterification Reaction ◽  
Fuel Quality ◽  
Nickel Metal ◽  
By Products

<p class="BodyAbstract">Biodiesel is one of the alternative fuels produced from the transesterification reaction between triglycerides and alcohols with glycerol by-products. So far, the resulting crude glycerol has not been maximally utilized because of its low purity. So, it is necessary to purify glycerol before turning it into a more useful compound. The purified glycerol can be reacted with acetic acid within esterification reaction (acetylation process) using an acid catalyst to produce glycerol triacetate (triacetin). One of the uses of triacetin as an additive in gasoline and biodiesel. The purpose of this study is to utilize glycerol from by-products from biodiesel production to bio-additive materials that can improve fuel quality and are environmentally friendly. The method used in this study begins with the purification of crude glycerol, modification of zeolite catalyst with impregnated of nickel metal followed by an acetylation reaction which held on temperature of 100°C for 60 min. The experimental results are analyzed using base titration to determine the remaining unreacted acids and are applied as bio-additives by adding them to commercial fuels and measured the increasing octane numbers. The result shows that the reaction conversion increases with increasing mole ratio of reactants and catalysts with the best results in the mole ratio of acetic acid and glycerol is 9:1 and catalyst 5% by weight of acetic acid with a conversion of 66.02%. As bio-additives the reaction product could increase the octane number of commercial fuel by 6.5 up to 8.5%.</p><p> </p>Keywords: glycerol, acetylation reaction, mofified zeolite, bio-additive

Study on the Synthesis of Isoamyl Acetate Catalyzed by Strong Acidic Cation Exchange Resin

2011 ◽  
Vol 396-398 ◽  
pp. 2411-2415 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ping Lan ◽  
Li Hong Lan ◽  
Tao Xie ◽  
An Ping Liao
Keyword(s):  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Reaction Time ◽  
Cation Exchanger ◽  
Cation Exchange Resin ◽  
Isoamyl Acetate ◽  
Molar Ratio ◽  
Esterification Reaction ◽  
Reaction Conditions ◽  
Optimum Reaction

Isoamyl acetate was synthesized from isoamylol and glacial acetic acid with strong acidic cation exchanger as catalyst. The effects of reaction conditions such as acid-alcohol ratio, reaction time, catalyst dosage to esterification reaction have been investigated and the optimum reaction conditions can be concluded as: the molar ratio of acetic acid to isoamylol 0.8:1, reaction time 2h, 25 % of catalyst (quality of acetic acid as benchmark). The conversion rate can reach up to 75.46%. The catalytic ability didn’t reduce significantly after reusing 10 times and the results showed that the catalyst exhibited preferably catalytic activity and reusability.

scholarly journals Efficient Production of Acetic Acid from Nipa (Nypa fruticans) Sap by Moorella thermoacetica (f. Clostridium thermoaceticum)

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dung Van Nguyen ◽  
Pinthep Sethapokin ◽  
Harifara Rabemanolontsoa ◽  
Eiji Minami ◽  
Haruo Kawamoto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Oxalic Acid ◽  
Acid Catalyst ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Efficient Production ◽  
Acid Fermentation ◽  
Acid Yield ◽  
Moorella Thermoacetica ◽  
Nypa Fruticans ◽  
Hydrolysis Of

To valorize the underutilized nipa sap composed mainly of sucrose, glucose and fructose, acetic acid fermentation by Moorella thermoacetica was explored. Given that M. thermoacetica cannot directly metabolize sucrose, we evaluated various catalysts for the hydrolysis of this material. Oxalic acid and invertase exhibited high levels of activity towards the hydrolysis of the sucrose in nipa sap to glucose and fructose. Although these two methods consumed similar levels of energy for the hydrolysis of sucrose, oxalic acid was found to be more cost-effective. Nipa saps hydrolyzed by these two catalysts were also fermented by M. thermoacetica. The results revealed that the two hydrolyzed sap mixtures gave 10.0 g/L of acetic acid from the 10.2 g/L of substrate sugars in nipa sap. Notably, the results showed that the oxalic acid catalyst was also fermented to acetic acid, which avoided the need to remove the catalyst from the product stream. Taken together, these results show that oxalic acid hydrolysis is superior to enzymatic hydrolysis for the pretreatment of nipa sap. The acetic acid yield achieved in this study corresponds to a conversion efficiency of 98%, which is about 3.6 times higher than that achieved using the traditional methods. The process developed in this study therefore has high potential as a green biorefinery process for the efficient conversion of sucrose-containing nipa sap to bio-derived acetic acid.

scholarly journals Study of Regularities and Optimization of the Process of Fir Wood Peroxide Delignification in the Medium of “Acetic Acid – Water” in the Presence of Sulfuric Acid Catalyst

2019 ◽  
pp. 590-603
Author(s):  
Olga V. Yatsenkova ◽  
Andrei M. Skripnikov ◽  
Boris N. Kuznetsov
Keyword(s):  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Lignin Content ◽  
Reaction Medium ◽  
Acid Catalyst ◽  
Acid Water ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Process Conditions ◽  
Residual Lignin ◽  
Acetic Acid Water ◽  
Peroxide Delignification

The work describes a one-stage method of cellulose obtaining from fir wood based on peroxide delignification of wood under mild conditions (100 °C, atmospheric pressure) in the presence of acetic acid, water and catalyst of 2% wt. H2SO4. The possibility of obtaining cellulose with a residual lignin content <1% wt. at a low concentration of hydrogen peroxide (3% wt.) in the reaction medium was established. The optimal concentrations of reagents (Н2О2 – 3% wt., CH3COOH – 38.9% wt.) and the duration of the process (4 h) were determined by experimental and calculation methods. This conditions provide a high yield of cellulose product (≥45% wt.) with a low content of residual lignin (<1% wt.). The composition and structure of fir cellulose was studied by chemical analysis and by FTIR and SEM methods. The cellulosic product which was obtained in optimal process conditions is high-quality cellulose

scholarly journals SYNTHESIS OF ESTERS OF HALOGENOACETIC ACIDS

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 (3) ◽  
pp. 38-43
Keyword(s):  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Acid Catalyst ◽  
Primary Amines ◽  
Primary Alcohols ◽  
Sulfuric Acid Catalyst ◽  
Nucleophilic Exchange ◽  
Pmr Spectra ◽  
High Yields ◽  
Esterification Reactions ◽  
Acetic Acids

Amidoalkylating reagents containing a phthalimide group are used in the synthesis of hard-to-reach primary amines and complex heterocyclic compounds. These types of amidoalkylating compounds are suitable reagents for nucleophilic substituted reactions in acidic media due to their resistance to acids. Result of reactions of amidoalkylating reagents-N-hydroxyethylphthalimide and N-hydroxymethylphthalimide with aliphatic carbonic acids can also produce new bactericidal and fungicidal esters. In this study, halogen acids reacted with N-hydroxymethylphthalimide monochloric acetic acid, monobromic acetic acid, monoiodic acetic acid, trifluoric acetic acid and trichloroacetic acid, as well as, N-b-hydroxyethylphthaleidyl monohydric acid. As a result of the reactions, new phthalimidomethyl and phthalimidoethyl esters of haloacetic acids were synthesized. The physical properties of crystalline esters have been determined. The structure of these compounds were confirmed by the analysis of their IR and PMR spectra. The esterification reactions of halogenated acetic acids were carried out in a benzene solvent and a sulfuric acid catalyst with primary alcohols, N-hydroxymethylphthalimide and N-β- beta hydroxyethylphthalimide,. It was found that in a benzene solvent, which increases the rate of bimolecular nucleophilic exchange in primary alcohols, phthalimidoethyl esters of halogen acid are formed in high yields, and phthalimidomethyl esters are formed in low yields. It was shown that the reaction of esterification of halogen acids with N-hydroxymethylphthalimide proceeds with monomolecular nucleophilic exchange.

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