Acid Catalyzed Synthesis of substituted-n-((1, 3-diphenyl-1h-pyrazol-4-yl) methyl) benzenamine

A new derivative synthesis of Substituted-N-((1, 3-diphenyl-1h-pyrazol-4-yl) methyl) benzenamine has attempted by using commonly available key starting materials Acetophenone (1) and substituted phenyl hydrazine in presence of sulfuric acid catalyst and alcohol solvent to afford potential antiviral active analogues. The synthesis proceeds through Vilsmeier-Haack reaction followed by reductive amination by using sodium borohydride.

The paper-forming properties of hemp fire peroxide cellulose in combination with wood sulphate cellulose

Hemp fire (Cannabis sativa) was delignified with the reaction mix “acetic acid - hydrogen peroxide - sulfuric acid catalyst - water” under sulfuric acid concentration of 0.45%, liquid module of 6, and temperature of 85 ° C. The cellulose was ground to 34 … 36°SHR and mixed in different ratios in compliance with the simplex-centroid experimental design with bleached sulfate softwood and hardwood pulp. The influence of the mixed composition formulations on the main strength properties of paper castings has been studied. It has been concluded that technical cellulose obtained from hemp fire applying this method, can be used for paper products manufacturing in combination with sulphate cellulose from coniferous and deciduous wood.

PEMBUATAN BIOETANOL DARI BIJI BINTARO (CERBERA manghas Lin.) DENGAN PROSES FERMENTASI RAGI DAN HIDROLISIS DENGAN ASAM SULFAT

The process of making bioethanol from Bintaro seeds (CERBERA manghas Lin.) has been carried out with a hydrolysis process through a sulfuric acid catalyst at a temperature of 60oC for 30 minutes and fermentation using yeast. Obtained glucose levels of 1.43% with 1.0 M sulfuric acid catalyst. For 30 minutes of hydrolysis time, a glucose level of 8.8% was obtained after the Bintaro seeds were fermented. Fermentation time for 5 days at a temperatur 100oC gives the ethanol content of 0.17%.

A Green Synthesis of 1,5-Benzodiazepines using Reusable-Heterogeneous Silica Sulfuric Acid Catalyst under Solvent-Free Conditions and their Antileukemic Activity

1,5-Benzodiazepine derivatives are readily assembled from o-phenylene diamine and ketones containg α-hydrogen atoms by means of simple cyclocondensation via sp3 C-H activation promoted by an efficient heterogeneous silica sulfuric acid catalyst. Eco-friendliness, good yields, easy workup, reusable catalyst, short reaction times, high atom economy and solvent-free conditions are the noteworthy features of this protocol. These benzodiazepines are chosen for the evaluation of antiproliferative activity against different leukemia cell lines. Among the investigated compounds, 3g is the best antiproliferative agent against all the cell lines tested. Also, current preliminary analysis showed that compound 3g phosphorylates ERK1/2 and induces G1 arrest in K562 cells

SYNTHESIS OF ESTERS OF HALOGENOACETIC ACIDS

Amidoalkylating reagents containing a phthalimide group are used in the synthesis of hard-to-reach primary amines and complex heterocyclic compounds. These types of amidoalkylating compounds are suitable reagents for nucleophilic substituted reactions in acidic media due to their resistance to acids. Result of reactions of amidoalkylating reagents-N-hydroxyethylphthalimide and N-hydroxymethylphthalimide with aliphatic carbonic acids can also produce new bactericidal and fungicidal esters. In this study, halogen acids reacted with N-hydroxymethylphthalimide monochloric acetic acid, monobromic acetic acid, monoiodic acetic acid, trifluoric acetic acid and trichloroacetic acid, as well as, N-b-hydroxyethylphthaleidyl monohydric acid. As a result of the reactions, new phthalimidomethyl and phthalimidoethyl esters of haloacetic acids were synthesized. The physical properties of crystalline esters have been determined. The structure of these compounds were confirmed by the analysis of their IR and PMR spectra. The esterification reactions of halogenated acetic acids were carried out in a benzene solvent and a sulfuric acid catalyst with primary alcohols, N-hydroxymethylphthalimide and N-β- beta hydroxyethylphthalimide,. It was found that in a benzene solvent, which increases the rate of bimolecular nucleophilic exchange in primary alcohols, phthalimidoethyl esters of halogen acid are formed in high yields, and phthalimidomethyl esters are formed in low yields. It was shown that the reaction of esterification of halogen acids with N-hydroxymethylphthalimide proceeds with monomolecular nucleophilic exchange.

The Carbon Effect in Biodiesel Synthesis

Biodiesel is synthesized from the trans-esterification reaction of vegetable oil and alcohol using a catalyst such as acids, bases or enzymes. The acid catalyst that is often used is sulfuric acid; H2SO4, and HCl while most of base catalysts are NaOH and KOH. The aim of this study is to determine the effect of carbon derived from sugar heating in the synthesis of biodiesel with a sulfuric acid catalyst; H2SO4. Trans-esterification reaction of Jatropha oil and methanol with sulfuric acid catalyst was done with oil and methanol at 1:9 ratio. The results showed that (1) the physical properties of the biodiesel was synthesized with carbon-H2SO4 has a difference with physical properties the biodiesel was synthesized by sulfuric acid (2) carbon-H2SO4 was used in the trans-esterification reaction of Jatropha oil and methanol to produce methyl ester character is the density of 0.889 g / mL, 24.59 cSt viscosity and refractive index of 1.464, (3) methyl ester produced from the reaction of trans-esterification of Jatropha oil and methanol with sulfuric acid catalyst has a character that is a density of 0.882 g / mL, 11.70 cSt viscosity and refractive index of 1.458.

Biobased rigid polyurethane foam prepared from apricot stone shell-based polyol for thermal insulation application, Part 1: Synthesis, chemical, and physical properties

Polyurethane foam is one of the most versatile construction insulation materials because of its low density, high mechanical properties, and low thermal conductivity. This study examined biobased rigid polyurethane foam composites from apricot stone shells, which are lignocellulosic residues. The apricot stone shells were liquefied with a PEG-400 (polyethylene glycol-400) and glycerin mixture in the presence of sulfuric acid catalyst at 140 to 160 °C for 120 min. Rigid polyurethane-type foam composites from the reaction were successfully prepared with different chemical components. Biobased polyurethane-type foam composites were successfully produced from the liquefied apricot stone shells. The FTIR spectra of liquefaction products confirmed successful liquefaction of products and that they are sources of hydroxyl groups. The liquefaction yield (81.6 to 96.7%), hydroxyl number (133.5 to 204.8 mg KOH per g), the highest elemental analysis amount (C, H, N, S, O) (62.08, 6.32, 6.12, 0.13, and 25.35%), and density (0.0280 to 0.0482 g per cm3) of the rigid polyurethane foam composites were comparable to foams made from commercial RPUF composites.

Reduction of FFA in Kapok Randu (Ceiba pentandra) Seed Oil via Esterification Reaction Using Sulfuric Acid Catalyst: Experimental and Kinetics Study

The rapid growth of the population and economy has boosted up the necessity of fuel and energy source. Until now, the world’s dependency on fossil fuel as the primary energy supply is still high. On the other hand, it has been known that the fossil-based oil and gas reserves are shrunk. Hence, it is urgent to develop alternative energy sources, which are renewable and environmentally friendly, to anticipate the energy insufficiency. Biodiesel is among the prospective renewable energy due to its advantages. Biodiesel (fatty acid methyl esters) is a type of biofuel which is derived from vegetable oil or animal fat. There are various vegetable oils that can be used as raw material for biodiesel production. However, non-edible oils are usually preferred to be selected as a biodiesel feedstock to evade the conflict between food and energy needs. Kapok Randu (Ceiba pentandra) seed oil is a type of non-edible oil which is cheap and can be employed as biodiesel feedstock. However, this oil has high free fatty acid (FFA) content (8.89%). Thus, it cannot directly undergo transesterification reaction to produce biodiesel since the FFA will react with alkaline catalyst to produce soap. The FFA content in Kapok Randu seed oil needs to be decreased until it is lower than 2%. Hence, prior to transesterification reaction, esterification of Kapok Randu seed oil with methanol in the presence of acid catalyst should be conducted to decrease the FFA content. In this work, esterification reaction was performed in the presence of sulfuric acid catalyst. The reactions were conducted at the molar ratio of oil to methanol of 1:12 at the temperature of 40, 50, and 60 ℃ for 120 minutes. The optimum reaction conversion was 95.14%, achieved at the reaction temperature of 60 ℃. Kinetics study using homogeneous models was also performed. It was revealed that the reaction was appropriate with the irreversible second order reaction model. The reaction rate constant (k), activation energy (Ea), and frequency factor (A) were 4.95 L / mole.min, 30,799.21 J/ mole and 338.744 / min, respectively.