Comparative Study of Coconut Shell and Palm Kernel Shell Biomass as Adsorbents for Sorption of Pb2+ from Aqueous Solution

In this present work, a novel method for synthesis of palm kernel shell activated carbon was established using DES (choline chloride/urea)/H3PO4 as the activating agent. The pore characterization, morphology, and adsorption properties of the activated carbons were investigated. The activated carbon samples made from the same feedstock at two pyrolysis temperatures (500 and 600 °C) were compared for their ability to adsorb Pb(II) in aqueous solution. The results demonstrated that the production of the activated carbon and adsorptive properties were significantly influenced by the pyrolysis temperature and the ratio of precursor to activating agent. DES/H3PO4 activated carbon (having surface area 1413 m2/g and total pore volume 0.6181 cm3/g) demonstrated good Pb(II) removal. Although all the tested activated carbon samples adsorbed Pb(II) from aqueous solution, they demonstrated different adsorption capabilities according to their various properties. The pyrolysis temperature, however, showed little influence on the activated carbon adsorption of Pb(II) when compared to the impregnation ratio. Their good desorption performance perhaps resulted from the porous structure.

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Ammonia and Ammonium Acetate Modifications and Characterisation of Activated Carbons from Palm Kernel Shell and Coconut Shell

Waste and Biomass Valorization ◽

10.1007/s12649-018-0414-7 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 11 (3) ◽

pp. 983-993

Author(s):

Ayodele Rotimi Ipeaiyeda ◽

Mohammed Iqbal Choudhary ◽

Shakil Ahmed

Keyword(s):

Ammonium Acetate ◽

Activated Carbons ◽

Palm Kernel ◽

Coconut Shell ◽

Palm Kernel Shell

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Preparation and Characterization of Single and Mixed Activated Carbons Derived from Coconut Shell and Palm Kernel Shell through Chemical Activation Using Microwave Irradiation System

Materials Science Forum ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.889.215 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 889 ◽

pp. 215-220 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Siti Anis Mohd Amran ◽

Khudzir Ismail ◽

Azil Bahari Alias ◽

Syed Shatir Asghrar Syed-Hassan ◽

Ali H. Jawad

Keyword(s):

Activated Carbon ◽

Pore Size ◽

Iodine Number ◽

Average Pore Size ◽

Palm Kernel ◽

Coconut Shell ◽

Activation Process ◽

Average Pore ◽

Palm Kernel Shell ◽

Percentage Removal

Single and mixed coconut shell (CS) and palm kernel shell (PKS) were successfully converted to activated carbon by using potassium hydroxide (KOH) as activating agent. Mixed activated carbon was produced from coconut shell: palm kernel shell at different KOH concentrations of 30%, 40% and 50%. Activation process was performed in a conventional microwave oven at fixed power and time of 600W and 20 minutes respectively. The results showed that activated carbon produced from single and mixed biomass at 40% concentration of KOH exhibited higher adsorption capacity for iodine number and percentage removal of MB with comparison to 30% and 50% of KOH concentrations. The highest BET surface area of 441.19 m2/g was obtained by CSAc-40. Further both CSAc-40 and PKSAc-40 produced an average pore size diameter of less than 2.0 nm which is in the range of micropore region. On contrary, the mixed CSPKSAc-40 produced an average pore size diameter of 6.0 nm which is in the region of mesopore. All the CSAc-40, PKSAc-40 and mixed CSPKSAc-40 showed similar adsorption trend for iodine number and percentage removal of MB. Interestingly, this finding showed that in the mixed activated carbon some chemical reactions might have occurred during the activation process producing mesoporous instead of microporous as obtained by the single biomass activated carbon.

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Comparative study of torrefaction of empty fruit bunches and palm kernel shell

Journal of Material Cycles and Waste Management ◽

10.1007/s10163-016-0492-1 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 19 (2) ◽

pp. 917-927 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

Jeeban Poudel ◽

Tae-In Ohm ◽

Jae Hoi Gu ◽

Myung Chul Shin ◽

Sea Cheon Oh

Keyword(s):

Comparative Study ◽

Palm Kernel ◽

Palm Kernel Shell ◽

Empty Fruit Bunches

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Lead Sorption by Carbon Nanofibers Grown on Powdered Activated Carbon — Kinetics and Equilibrium

NANO ◽

10.1142/s1793292015500174 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 10 (02) ◽

pp. 1550017 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

Abdullah Al Mamun ◽

Yehya M. Ahmed ◽

Ma'an Fahmi R. AlKhatib ◽

Ahmad Tariq Jameel ◽

Mohammed Abdul Hakeem Abdul Rahman AlSaadi

Keyword(s):

Aqueous Solution ◽

Activated Carbon ◽

Carbon Nanofibers ◽

Research Work ◽

Palm Kernel ◽

Solid Substrate ◽

Second Order ◽

Powdered Activated Carbon ◽

Palm Kernel Shell ◽

Pseudo Second Order

Carbon nanofibers (CNFs) were synthesized by using a safe and less hazardous method, compared to using floating catalysts in chemical vapor deposition (CVD) process. This process used C 2 H 2 as carbon source and oil palm kernel shell-based powdered activated carbon (PAC) as cheap solid substrate. Use of nickel ( Ni 2+) impregnated PAC as fixed substrate for the synthesis of CNF is one of the novelties of the research work accomplished by the authors. The PAC–CNFs porous nanocomposite product was used for the sorption of lead ions ( Pb 2+) from synthetic aqueous solution. Kinetics of Pb 2+ adsorption and isotherms were investigated by varying initial concentration of lead and contact time. PAC–CNFs were found to remove Pb 2+ better at acidic pH of about 5.5. Langmuir and Freundlich isotherms were applied to the sorption equilibrium data to find the best fitted model. Langmuir isotherm model with R2 = 0.965 fitted the adsorption data better than the Freundlich isotherm. The kinetic processes of Pb 2+ adsorption on CNFs were investigated by applying different kinetic models, namely zero-order, pseudo-first-order and pseudo-second-order. The pseudo-second-order rate equation exhibited the best results with R2 = 0.999, qe = 74.79 (mg/g) and K2 = 0.029 (min ⋅ g/mg). The novel nanocomposite product seemed to have the potential to remove Pb 2+ ions from aqueous solution.

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