Lead Sorption by Carbon Nanofibers Grown on Powdered Activated Carbon — Kinetics and Equilibrium

NANO ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 10 (02) ◽  
pp. 1550017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abdullah Al Mamun ◽  
Yehya M. Ahmed ◽  
Ma'an Fahmi R. AlKhatib ◽  
Ahmad Tariq Jameel ◽  
Mohammed Abdul Hakeem Abdul Rahman AlSaadi
Keyword(s):  
Aqueous Solution ◽  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Carbon Nanofibers ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Palm Kernel ◽  
Solid Substrate ◽  
Second Order ◽  
Powdered Activated Carbon ◽  
Palm Kernel Shell ◽  
Pseudo Second Order

Carbon nanofibers (CNFs) were synthesized by using a safe and less hazardous method, compared to using floating catalysts in chemical vapor deposition (CVD) process. This process used C 2 H 2 as carbon source and oil palm kernel shell-based powdered activated carbon (PAC) as cheap solid substrate. Use of nickel ( Ni 2+) impregnated PAC as fixed substrate for the synthesis of CNF is one of the novelties of the research work accomplished by the authors. The PAC–CNFs porous nanocomposite product was used for the sorption of lead ions ( Pb 2+) from synthetic aqueous solution. Kinetics of Pb 2+ adsorption and isotherms were investigated by varying initial concentration of lead and contact time. PAC–CNFs were found to remove Pb 2+ better at acidic pH of about 5.5. Langmuir and Freundlich isotherms were applied to the sorption equilibrium data to find the best fitted model. Langmuir isotherm model with R2 = 0.965 fitted the adsorption data better than the Freundlich isotherm. The kinetic processes of Pb 2+ adsorption on CNFs were investigated by applying different kinetic models, namely zero-order, pseudo-first-order and pseudo-second-order. The pseudo-second-order rate equation exhibited the best results with R2 = 0.999, qe = 74.79 (mg/g) and K2 = 0.029 (min ⋅ g/mg). The novel nanocomposite product seemed to have the potential to remove Pb 2+ ions from aqueous solution.

Study on Adsorption of Mercury from Aqueous Solution on Activated Carbons Prepared from Palm Kernel Shell

2018 ◽  
Vol 783 ◽  
pp. 109-114
Author(s):  
Nor Salmi Abdullah ◽  
Syazrin Syima Sharifuddin ◽  
Mohd. Hazwan Hussin
Keyword(s):  
Aqueous Solution ◽  
Treatment Time ◽  
Activated Carbons ◽  
Chemical Activation ◽  
Palm Kernel ◽  
Second Order ◽  
Solution Temperature ◽  
Order Kinetic ◽  
Palm Kernel Shell ◽  
Pseudo Second Order

The adsorption ability of powdered activated carbons (PAC) derived from palm kernel shell (PKS) was investigated. PAC was prepared by chemical activation method using ZnCl2as an activating agents. The adsorption studies of Hg(II) was carried out under control condition with constant pH, solution temperature (30 °C), treatment time (90 min) and absorbent dosage (2.0 g L-1). It was revealed that PAC efficiently removed as much as 10 mg L-1of Hg(II) with the percentage of removal up to 97.7 %. Both Langmuir and Freundlich adsorption isotherms were used to explain the adsorption behavior. Freundlich model was found to be fitted well and favored multilayer adsorption. The kinetics data were fitted with pseudo-first order and pseudo-second order, and it was found to obeys the pseudo-second order kinetic order. Recent finding suggest that PKS has the potential to be a promising precursor for the production of activated carbon with the excellent adsorption capacity to remove Hg(II) from aqueous solution.

scholarly journals Innovative Activated Carbon Based on Deep Eutectic Solvents (DES) and H3PO4

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 43 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aloysius Akaangee Pam
Keyword(s):  
Aqueous Solution ◽  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Pyrolysis Temperature ◽  
Activated Carbons ◽  
Choline Chloride ◽  
Palm Kernel ◽  
Total Pore Volume ◽  
Activated Carbon Adsorption ◽  
Palm Kernel Shell ◽  
Activating Agent

In this present work, a novel method for synthesis of palm kernel shell activated carbon was established using DES (choline chloride/urea)/H3PO4 as the activating agent. The pore characterization, morphology, and adsorption properties of the activated carbons were investigated. The activated carbon samples made from the same feedstock at two pyrolysis temperatures (500 and 600 °C) were compared for their ability to adsorb Pb(II) in aqueous solution. The results demonstrated that the production of the activated carbon and adsorptive properties were significantly influenced by the pyrolysis temperature and the ratio of precursor to activating agent. DES/H3PO4 activated carbon (having surface area 1413 m2/g and total pore volume 0.6181 cm3/g) demonstrated good Pb(II) removal. Although all the tested activated carbon samples adsorbed Pb(II) from aqueous solution, they demonstrated different adsorption capabilities according to their various properties. The pyrolysis temperature, however, showed little influence on the activated carbon adsorption of Pb(II) when compared to the impregnation ratio. Their good desorption performance perhaps resulted from the porous structure.

scholarly journals Activated Carbon for Dyes Removal: Modeling and Understanding the Adsorption Process

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y. El maguana ◽  
N. Elhadiri ◽  
M. Benchanaa ◽  
R. Chikri
Keyword(s):  
Aqueous Solution ◽  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Methyl Orange ◽  
Adsorption Process ◽  
Second Order ◽  
Prickly Pear ◽  
Order Model ◽  
Seed Cake ◽  
Pseudo Second Order ◽  
Dyes Removal

Batch adsorption experiments have been conducted to investigate the removal of methyl orange from aqueous solution by an activated carbon prepared from prickly pear seed cake by phosphoric acid activation. The adsorption process has been described by using kinetic and isotherm models. The kinetic of adsorption was examined by pseudo-first-order, pseudo-second-order, and intraparticle diffusion models. Adsorption isotherm was modeled using Langmuir, Freundlich, Temkin and Dubinin–Radushkevich isotherms. The adsorption process of methyl orange was well explained by the pseudo-second-order model and Freundlich isotherm. Also, pseudo-n-order model has been applied to estimate the order of adsorption kinetic and it was found equal to 2 which confirm the good accuracy of the pseudo-second order. Moreover, Dubinin–Radushkevich isotherm reveals that the adsorption of methyl orange onto activated carbon was a physisorption process in nature. The adsorption capacity of activated carbon was found to be 336.12 mg/g at temperature 20°C and pH∼7. These results demonstrated that the prickly pear seed cake is a suitable precursor for the preparation of appropriate activated carbon for dyes removal from aqueous solution.

scholarly journals Palm Kernel Shell Activated Carbon as an Inorganic Framework for Shape-Stabilized Phase Change Material

Nanomaterials ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (9) ◽  
pp. 689 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ahmad Nicholas ◽  
Mohd Hussein ◽  
Zulkarnain Zainal ◽  
Tumirah Khadiran
Keyword(s):  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Phase Change ◽  
Phase Change Material ◽  
Average Pore Size ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Palm Kernel ◽  
Thermal Reliability ◽  
Average Pore ◽  
Palm Kernel Shell ◽  
Change Material

The preparation of activated carbon using palm kernel shells as the precursor (PKSAC) was successfully accomplished after the parametric optimization of the carbonization temperature, carbonization holding time, and the ratio of the activator (H3PO4) to the precursor. Optimization at 500 °C for 2 h of carbonization with 20% H3PO4 resulted in the highest surface area of the activated carbon (C20) of 1169 m2 g−1 and, with an average pore size of 27 Å. Subsequently, the preparation of shape-stabilized phase change material (SSPCM-C20) was done by the encapsulation of n-octadecane into the pores of the PKSAC, C20. The field emission scanning electron microscope images and the nitrogen gas adsorption-desorption isotherms show that n-octadecane was successfully encapsulated into the pores of C20. The resulting SSPCM-C20 nano-composite shows good thermal reliability which is chemically and thermally stable and can stand up to 500 melting and freezing cycles. This research work provided a new strategy for the preparation of SSPCM material for thermal energy storage application generated from oil palm waste.

scholarly journals Removal of crystal violate dye from aqueous solution by adsorption on mixture of activated carbon: A kinetic & equilibrium study

2015 ◽  
Vol 11 (9) ◽  
pp. 3876-3887
Author(s):  
Prakash Bhila Wagh ◽  
V.S Shrivastava ◽  
V.S Shrivastava
Keyword(s):  
Aqueous Solution ◽  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Contact Time ◽  
Second Order ◽  
Batch Adsorption ◽  
Order Kinetic ◽  
Equilibrium Study ◽  
Pseudo Second Order ◽  
Percentage Removal ◽  
Adsorbent Dose

 The kinetics and equilibrium study of crystal violate dye adsorption on mixture of activated carbon (PWCAC) and (CSAC) was studied. The use of low cost ecofriendly adsorbent has been investigated as an ideal alternative to the current expensive methods of removing of dye from aqueous solution. This study was done by batch adsorption techniques. The quantitative adsorption kinetic and equilibrium parameter for crystal violate dye were studied using uv-visible adsorption spectroscopy. The effect of initial dye concentration, pH,adsorbent dose, temperature, particle size were determined to find the optimal condition for adsorption. The percentage removal of dye was found to be most effective at pH10and contact time 120 min and at an adsorbent dose 4 g/L of dye. The study indicates that’s, the percentage removal of dye increases with increasing initial dye concentration, adsorption dose and contact time and attains equilibrium at optimum conditions.The equilibrium study of adsorption of crystal violate dye on to mixture of activated carbon was investigated using pseudo first order and pseudo second order kinetic models. The adsorption kinetics was found to follow pseudo second order kinetic model. The equilibrium adsorption data of crystal violate dye on PWCAC and CSAC mixture was analyzed by Langmuir and Freundlich adsorption model. The results show that the Langmuir model provides the best correlation.

scholarly journals Cationic Dye Removal By Sugarcane Bagasse Activated Carbon From Aqueous Solution

2015 ◽  
Vol 17 (4) ◽  
pp. 784-795 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Aqueous Solution ◽  
Methylene Blue ◽  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Sugarcane Bagasse ◽  
Dye Removal ◽  
Adsorption Process ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Second Order ◽  
Cationic Dye ◽  
Pseudo Second Order

<div> <p>Low cost agricultural waste adsorbents can be viable alternatives to activated carbon for the treatment of contaminated wastewater. Sugarcane Bagasse, an abundant agriculture waste in Egypt, was used in the present study to prepare activated carbon. Batch adsorption experiments were conducted to study its effectiveness to remove cationic dye methylene blue from aqueous solution. The effects of initial dye concentrations, agitation time, solution pH and temperature on methylene blue dye removal were investigated. The optimum pH value for the maximum percentage removal of the dye was 7. Adsorption isotherms were determined and modeled with Redlich&ndash;Peterson, Langmuir and Freundlich equations at 20&ordm;C.The kinetic data were analyzed using Pseudo-first order, pseudo-second order. The mechanism of the adsorption process was determined from the intraparticle diffusion model. Thermodynamic parameters such as standard enthalpy (ΔH&deg;), standard entropy (ΔS&deg;) and free energy (ΔG&deg;) were determined.&nbsp; The equilibrium data were best fitted to the Redlich&ndash;Peterson isotherm model .The adsorption kinetics was found to follow the pseudo-second-order kinetic model with good correlation coefficient. The positive ΔH<sup>◦</sup> value indicated that the adsorption process was endothermic in nature. The results revealed sugarcane bagasse activated carboncould be employed as a low-cost alternative adsorbent in wastewater treatment.&nbsp;</p> </div> <p>&nbsp;</p>

scholarly journals Removal of crystal violate dye from aqueous solution by adsorption on mixture of activated carbon: A kinetic & equilibrium study

2015 ◽  
Vol 11 (9) ◽  
pp. 3876-3887
Author(s):  
Prakash Bhila Wagh ◽  
V.S Shrivastava ◽  
V.S Shrivastava
Keyword(s):  
Aqueous Solution ◽  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Contact Time ◽  
Second Order ◽  
Batch Adsorption ◽  
Order Kinetic ◽  
Equilibrium Study ◽  
Pseudo Second Order ◽  
Percentage Removal ◽  
Adsorbent Dose

 The kinetics and equilibrium study of crystal violate dye adsorption on mixture of activated carbon (PWCAC) and (CSAC) was studied. The use of low cost ecofriendly adsorbent has been investigated as an ideal alternative to the current expensive methods of removing of dye from aqueous solution. This study was done by batch adsorption techniques. The quantitative adsorption kinetic and equilibrium parameter for crystal violate dye were studied using uv-visible adsorption spectroscopy. The effect of initial dye concentration, pH,adsorbent dose, temperature, particle size were determined to find the optimal condition for adsorption. The percentage removal of dye was found to be most effective at pH10and contact time 120 min and at an adsorbent dose 4 g/L of dye. The study indicates that’s, the percentage removal of dye increases with increasing initial dye concentration, adsorption dose and contact time and attains equilibrium at optimum conditions.The equilibrium study of adsorption of crystal violate dye on to mixture of activated carbon was investigated using pseudo first order and pseudo second order kinetic models. The adsorption kinetics was found to follow pseudo second order kinetic model. The equilibrium adsorption data of crystal violate dye on PWCAC and CSAC mixture was analyzed by Langmuir and Freundlich adsorption model. The results show that the Langmuir model provides the best correlation.

scholarly journals Calcium alginate/activated carbon/humic acid tri-system porous fibers for removing tetracycline from aqueous solution

2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (3) ◽  
pp. 9-16
Author(s):  
Qinye Sun ◽  
Heng Zheng ◽  
Yanhui Li ◽  
Meixiu Li ◽  
Qiuju Du ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Aqueous Solution ◽  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Humic Acid ◽  
Calcium Alginate ◽  
Second Order ◽  
Order Model ◽  
Freeze Dried ◽  
Pseudo Second Order ◽  
Porous Fibers ◽  
Second Order Model

AbstractIn this study, activated carbon and humic acid powder were fixed by the cross-linking reaction of sodium alginate. Calcium alginate/activated carbon/humic acid (CAH) tri-system porous fibers were prepared by the wet spinning method and freeze-dried for the removal of tetracycline in aqueous solution. Subsequently, the morphology and structure of CAH fibers were measured by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and the Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) method. The effect of pH, contact time, temperature and other factors on adsorption behavior were analyzed. The Langmuir and Freundlich isotherm models were used to fit tetracycline adsorption equilibrium data. The dynamics data were evaluated by the pseudo-second-order model, the pseudo-second-order model and the intraparticle diffusion model. Thermodynamic study confirmed that the adsorption of tetracycline on CAH fibers was a spontaneous process.

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