Comparative study of torrefaction of empty fruit bunches and palm kernel shell

2016 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 917-927 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeeban Poudel ◽  
Tae-In Ohm ◽  
Jae Hoi Gu ◽  
Myung Chul Shin ◽  
Sea Cheon Oh
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Study ◽  
Palm Kernel ◽  
Palm Kernel Shell ◽  
Empty Fruit Bunches

High Quality Solid Biofuel Briquette Production From Palm Oil Milling Solid Wastes

2009 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abd Halim Shamsuddin ◽  
Mohd Shahir Liew
Keyword(s):  
Moisture Content ◽  
Palm Oil ◽  
Palm Kernel ◽  
Calorific Value ◽  
Solid Wastes ◽  
Biomass Fuels ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Palm Kernel Shell ◽  
Empty Fruit Bunches ◽  
Solid Biofuel

Malaysia has about 4.2 million hectares of oil palm plantation. The palm oil milling industry has over 400 mills throughout the country with total milling capacity of 82 million tonnes fresh fruit bunches, FFB, per year. In 2003, the amount of FFB processed was 67 million tonnes, which generated solid wastes in the forms of empty fruit bunches, EFB (19.43 million tonnes), mesocarp fibres (12.07 million tonnes) and palm kernel shell (4.89 million tonnes). These wastes has moisture content of 60–70% for EFB and mesocarp fibre, and 34–40% for palm kernel shell, and calorific value of 5.0 – 18.0 Mj/kg. A processing technology was developed to process these low quality biomass fuels into high quality solid biofuel briquettes with moisture content in the range 8–12%. Depending on the formulations and the sources of the raw biomass, the final solid biofuel briquettes can have calorific values in the range of 18–25 Mj/kg. The production of the solid biofuel briquettes would be an attractive financial advantage for full exploitation of biomass fuels. Logistic problems due to the disperse nature of the biomass resources would significantly be addressed.

Co-pyrolysis of Empty Fruit Bunches with Palm Kernel Shell, Palm Leaves and Sawdust to Produce Fine Chemicals

2021 ◽  
pp. 296-302
Author(s):  
Nurul Asyikin Binti Badir Noon Zaman ◽  
Noridah Binti Osman ◽  
Aqsha Aqsha
Keyword(s):  
Palm Kernel ◽  
Fine Chemicals ◽  
Palm Kernel Shell ◽  
Empty Fruit Bunches

Fluidization of palm kernel shell, palm oil fronds, and empty fruit bunches in a swirling fluidized bed gasifier

2016 ◽  
Vol 35 (2) ◽  
pp. 150-157 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Shahbaz ◽  
S. Yusup ◽  
M. Y. Naz ◽  
S. A. Sulaiman ◽  
A. Inayat ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fluidized Bed ◽  
Palm Oil ◽  
Palm Kernel ◽  
Palm Kernel Shell ◽  
Empty Fruit Bunches ◽  
Fluidized Bed Gasifier

scholarly journals Characteristics of calcined palm oil pastes for biosilica extraction as a function of calcination temperatures

2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 23-34
Author(s):  
N. A. S. Abdul Samat ◽  
U. Z. Kamarul Jaman ◽  
S. Saree ◽  
D. S. A. Mahmod ◽  
J. C. H. Lai
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Palm Oil ◽  
Palm Kernel ◽  
Silica Content ◽  
High Porosity ◽  
Color Analysis ◽  
Palm Kernel Shell ◽  
Calcination Temperatures ◽  
Empty Fruit Bunches ◽  
Bet Analysis

Palm oil production in Malaysia has increased over the years. As the consequence of high production of palm oil, surplus quantities of palm oil biomass wastes such as empty fruit bunches (EFB), palm kernel shell (PKS), and oil palm decanter cake (DC) are generated. Generally, these wastes are used as fuel to generate steam for boilers, which end up as ash. As several agricultural wastes are well-known to be rich in silica content, this study aims to investigate the bio-silica content of EFB, PKS and DC and their characteristics when calcined at various calcination temperatures from 400°C to 800°C. Several analyses were conducted such as weight loss, color, BET, SEM and FTIR. The results have shown that all samples favorably exhibited silica at higher temperatures, i.e., 800°C. Color analysis depicted that combustible elements were mostly removed at 800°C, leaving non-combusted silica in the waste ash. Weight loss analysis presented that EFB achieved the highest weight loss at 99.05%, followed by PKS at 95.65% and DC at 83.95%. This led to a relatively high amount or purity of silica in the sample. BET analysis showed highest surface area, 20.087m2/g (PKS) and the lowest is 9.492m2/g (DC) at 800°C which verified the high porosity of samples for further absorption applications. The presence of silica was also significantly observed in 800°C FTIR spectra for all waste samples. Overall, it is concluded that EFB, PKS, and DC are highly potential wastes to contribute to the production of bio-silica, which thus can be an option to overcome waste disposal issues in palm oil industries.

scholarly journals Physical and Thermal Properties of Briquettes from Empty Fruit Bunches and Palm Kernel Shell by Mixing Tapioca Flour and Molasses

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 170-176
Author(s):  
Tintan Rostina ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Thermal Properties ◽  
Physical Properties ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Palm Kernel ◽  
Heating Value ◽  
Palm Kernel Shell ◽  
Empty Fruit Bunches ◽  
Effect Of Particle Size ◽  
Tapioca Flour

West Java has the potential of palm oil wastes such as empty fruit bunches (EFB) and palm kernel shell (PKS) that can be used for fabrication of briquettes as raw materials. Briquette as a solid fuel and as a substitute for fossil fuel must have a good quality to be accepted in the market, such as having a good thermal and good physical properties. This research, reviewing the effect of particle size parameter and the effect of adding adhesive on briquette to heating value, thermal properties and physical properties. Briquettes were determined by using varying EFB and PKS biomass ratios of 50:50 and by adding 7% adhesive from tapioca flour or molasses of the total mass of the briquette. Particle size variations are set for 20 mesh and 40 mesh. The best heating value was found at 5,898 cal/g in the sample briquette by using 40 mesh particle and tapioca flour adhesive. The thermal properties test shown the combustion rate of 0.34 g/minutes and combustion lenght of 111 minutes found in 40 mesh briquette sample by using tapioca flour adhesive. The physical properties test shown the best density value of 0.215 g/cm3 and shattering resistance of 66,23% found in the 40 mesh briquette sample by using tapioca flour adhesive. The best durable value found in sample briquette with 20 mesh particle with tapioca flour adhesive which is 54.35%. The result was indicated that briquette with 40 mesh particle size and tapioca flour adhesive gives the best result of heating value, thermal properties and physical properties

scholarly journals Combustion Efficiency in a Fluidized-Bed Combustor with a Modified Perforated Plate for Air Distribution

Processes ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (9) ◽  
pp. 1489 ◽  
Author(s):  
Erdiwansyah ◽  
Mahidin ◽  
Husni Husin ◽  
Nasaruddin ◽  
Muhtadin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fluidized Bed ◽  
Oil Palm ◽  
Combustion Temperature ◽  
Palm Kernel ◽  
Perforated Plate ◽  
Combustion Efficiency ◽  
Palm Kernel Shell ◽  
Empty Fruit Bunches ◽  
Maximum Combustion Temperature ◽  
Fluidized Bed Combustor

Combustion efficiency is one of the most important parameters especially in the fluidized-bed combustor. Investigations into the efficiency of combustion in fluidized-bed combustor fuels using solid biomass waste fuels in recent years are increasingly in demand by researchers around the world. Specifically, this study aims to calculate the combustion efficiency in the fluidized-bed combustor. Combustion efficiency is calculated based on combustion results from the modification of hollow plates in the fluidized-bed combustor. The modified hollow plate aims to control combustion so that the fuel incorporated can burn out and not saturate. The combustion experiments were tested using palm oil biomass solid waste fuels such as palm kernel shell, oil palm midrib, and empty fruit bunches. The results of the measurements showed that the maximum combustion temperature for the palm kernel shell fuel reached 863 °C for M1 and 887 °C for M2. The maximum combustion temperature measurements for M1 and M2 from the oil palm midrib fuel testing reached 898 °C and 858 °C, respectively, while the maximum combustion temperature for M1 and M2 from the empty fruit bunches fuel was 667 °C and M2 847 °C, respectively. The rate of combustion efficiency with the modification of the hole plate in the fluidized-bed combustor reached 96.2%. Thermal efficiency in fluidized-bed combustors for oil palm midrib was 72.62%, for PKS was 70.03%, and for empty fruit bunches was 52.43%. The highest heat transfer rates for the oil palm midrib fuel reached 7792.36 W/m2, palm kernel shell 7167.38 W/m2, and empty fruit bunches 5127.83 W/m2. Thus, the modification of the holed plate in the fluidized-bed combustor chamber showed better performance of the plate than without modification.

Comparative Study for Catalytic Cracking of Model Bio-Oil and Palm Kernel Shell Derived Bio-Oil

2013 ◽  
Vol 781-784 ◽  
pp. 2476-2479 ◽  
Author(s):  
Farrukh Jamil ◽  
Murni Melati Ahmad ◽  
Suzana Yusup
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Study ◽  
Catalytic Cracking ◽  
Palm Kernel ◽  
Calorific Value ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Palm Kernel Shell ◽  
Bio Oil

This work investigates the comparison between upgraded product from model bio-oil and bio-oil from PKS. The process is carried out in the presence of HZSM-5 at temperature of 500oC, 3bar pressure and oil/catalyst ratio of 15. It is observed that the properties such as pH, density, calorific value and elemental value of products are improved. The calorific value for upgraded bio-oil is 31.65 MJ/kg while for model bio-oil the value is 30.32 MJ/kg at same operating conditions. The degree of deoxygenation of the upgraded bio-oil and upgraded model bio-oil is 43.74% and 45.56% respectively. The study showed that the model bio-oil can be used to represent the bio-oil.

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